CN105866250B - Ventilating vane method for crack based on vibration - Google Patents
Ventilating vane method for crack based on vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866250B CN105866250B CN201610154436.5A CN201610154436A CN105866250B CN 105866250 B CN105866250 B CN 105866250B CN 201610154436 A CN201610154436 A CN 201610154436A CN 105866250 B CN105866250 B CN 105866250B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2693—Rotor or turbine parts
Abstract
Ventilating vane method for crack based on vibration, belongs to field of diagnosis about equipment fault.The global response of blade vibration, the position of crackle and the determination of size are measured first, determine the size of determining crackle behind the position of crackle；Using the obtained overall situation in response to determining that the location parameter of crackle；After crack position has been determined, overall situation response is decomposed into Liang Ge local acknowledgement.According to the difference of local acknowledgement's intrinsic frequency, i.e. the relative variation of intrinsic frequency identifies the severity of crackle；If two frequency values are equal, illustrating blade, there is no crack faults；If two frequency values differ in size, illustrate that blade cracks exist；And if relative variation is bigger, illustrate the crackle generated than more serious；It is on the contrary then illustrate generate crackle it is smaller.The present invention establishes a similarity criterion to measure the position that damage occurs；Has method comparison with other, the present invention identifies that the method for crackle is simple, quick, reliable, easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recognition methods of ventilating vane crackle.Specifically, the invention relates to ventilation
The recognition methods of machine blade cracks position and crackle size, belongs to field of diagnosis about equipment fault.
Background technique
Ventilation blower is a kind of machinery of rotary shaft promotion air-flow equipped with several blades.Motor is applied on axis by blade
Rotating mechanical energy be changed into push gas flowing pressure, to realize the flowing of gas.It is the weight of fan rotor system
Want component.
For ventilating vane, due to the defect in casting, welding, design, it is easy to blade stress be caused to be concentrated；By
The restriction of weather, geographical location and economic aspect can not only consider the material that hardness is high, fatigue resistance is strong；Secondly in rotor
When system works, blade will receive the centrifugal force generated during displacement and stable state and the effect of the air-flow power of unstable state,
Interaction between aerodynamic force and mechanical oscillation causes blade to vibrate, and unsteady motion occurs.Blade vibration will generate
Biggish dynamic stress leads to the fatigue of blade, cracks and is even broken.Further, since blade subject from the temperature difference and
The comprehensive function of medium etc., but also blade is easy to that mechanical breakdown occurs.The generation of crackle is to blower unit operational safety structure
At very big threat, the generation of major accident is even resulted in, also brings great economic loss to enterprise's production.
Although traditional research for carrying out Identification of Cracks problem based on structural vibration and system dynamic parameter has been developed
Many methods, but due to Practical Project complexity and uncertainty (such as high intensity noise, the influence of dust at scene etc.
Deng), so that these methods have difficulties in terms of practical application.Simultaneously all there is limitation (most methods can be in these methods
It realizes the presence for determining crackle, but cannot determine position and the size of crackle simultaneously).So being badly in need of proposing a kind of with non-
It is destructive, quickly, the cheap and new method of the non-destructive tests based on structural vibration that is easily achieved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is able to achieve the Blade Crack Fault for quickly recognizing ventilating vane of degree of precision, the position including crackle
It sets and size parameter.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.That steps are as follows is described for concrete implementation:
Firstly, measuring the global response of blade vibration, which is dynamic respond or acceleration responsive.Because blade is more
For high-frequency vibration, so what is measured in most cases is acceleration responsive curve.The position of crackle and the determination of size, first really
Determine the position of crackle, then determines the size of crackle.
Using the obtained overall situation in response to determining that the location parameter of crackle.Structure frequency has easy measurement and data are more smart
True advantage, so the present invention is based on frequencies to carry out non-destructive tests.After obtaining global response, the former of good blade are measured
Rank (general to choose preceding 6 rank) intrinsic frequency is simultaneously recorded, and the failure in the case of multiple groups difference crack position parameter is then measured
The intrinsic frequency and record of blade, establish the intrinsic frequency squared frequency test showed in the presence of crackle characteristic pattern (that is,
Establish a damage library).The value and damage library data obtained finally by actual experiment compares, and judges the position that crackle occurs
It sets.Frequency square changes the method than damage reason location, and damage position can only be substantially determined from figure, intuitively but with very big
It is random.For same figure, different observers possibly even obtains antipodal conclusion, therefore it is necessary to proposes
One standard.A similarity criterion is formulated, quantifies a possibility that crackle occurs in the position by the index value.It will be real
Border measured value is compared with damage library data, and the data that compared result obtains are analyzed, more accurately to determine crackle
More specific location information.
Before identifying crack position information, need to establish a standard --- similarity criterion.Frequency square variation than to
Amount similarity criterion index can be obtained by following formula:
F in formula1,F2The frequency square respectively indicated in damage library changes the frequency square obtained than vector sum field experiment
Than vector, intrinsic frequency, which changes duplicate ratio vector correlation criterion, indicates the degree of correlation of two vectors for variation, illustrates if value is 0
In this case the change of frequency is not caused, blade is intact, if illustrating that this degree of impairment causes frequency close to 1
Change, thus may determine that damage position, after having this related criteria, is directly quantified by the size of numerical value similar
Degree；Similarity degree is bigger, illustrates that a possibility that crackle occurs in the position is bigger, when similarity degree is greater than 90%,
It can confirm that crack fault just occurs in the position.
After crack position has been determined, overall situation response is decomposed into Liang Ge local acknowledgement, the size of crackle is determined with this
Parameter.The rigidity of blade can change at the equilbrium position (x=0) of system.And the presence of crackle, when so that blade is intact
The rigidity k of time changes, and the rigidity that one section of the crackle left side becomes k1, the rigidity that one section of the right becomes k2.Specifically, according to
Displacement x>=0 and displacement x<0 or according to acceleration a≤0 and a > 0, resolve into Liang Ge local acknowledgement for overall situation response.Into one
Step obtains the spectrogram of each local acknowledgement using MATLAB software programming, obtains local natural frequency value ω1And ω2.Then
The difference of obtain two frequencies is compared, so that it is determined that the severity of crackle.
According to the difference of local acknowledgement's intrinsic frequency, i.e. the relative variation of intrinsic frequency identifies the serious journey of crackle
Degree:
If two frequency values are equal, illustrating blade, there is no crack faults；If two frequency values differ in size, explanation
Blade cracks exist；And if relative variation is bigger, illustrate the crackle generated than more serious；It is on the contrary then illustrate to generate
Crackle it is smaller.
By above step, the determination of blade cracks position and size information is just completed.
The present invention identifies the crack position and size of blade, has following distinguishing feature:
1, to the identification process of the severe crack degree of blade, the data comparison repeatedly measured is not needed, but is only made
With same primary measurement data.Be no longer needed for reference data in this way, at the same can to avoid the interference of extraneous various factors, not by
The influence of extraneous factor variation and measurement error；
2, intrinsic frequency, the variation of value sensitivity with higher are obtained by local acknowledgement；
3, frequency square variation just can only substantially be sentenced than the method for damage reason location if none standard from figure
Determine damage position, intuitively has very big randomness.So the present invention establishes a similarity criterion to measure damage
Position；
4, it is compared with other existing methods, the present invention identifies that the method for crackle is simple, quick, reliable, easy.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 fan blade crack position and size identification flow chart
The similitude of data in Fig. 2 experimental data and damage library
The response of Fig. 3 blade vibration overall situation
Fig. 4 blade vibration local acknowledgement (x > 0)
Fig. 5 blade vibration local acknowledgement (x < 0)
The spectrogram of Fig. 6 local acknowledgement
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Following embodiment is for illustrating this hair
It is bright, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is fan blade crack position and size identification flow chart.The implementation steps of this method are as follows:
Firstly, measuring the global response of blade vibration, which can be the dynamic respond obtained by displacement sensor,
Or the acceleration responsive obtained by acceleration transducer.Because blade is mostly high-frequency vibration, measure in most cases
It is acceleration responsive curve.Dynamic respond curve is used when theory analysis.
On the one hand, it is responded according to the overall situation of the blade vibration measured, determines the location parameter of crackle.Choose the former of blade
Rank intrinsic frequency (general to choose preceding 6 rank), measures good blade and the failure blade under multiple groups difference Crack Parameters size cases
Any second order intrinsic frequency size (note: the order of selected intrinsic frequency wants identical).It is intrinsic to calculate this selected several rank
It is flat to establish the intrinsic frequency variation showed in the presence of crackle for the ratio between frequency square changing value of any two order of frequency
The characteristic pattern (that is, establishing a damage library) of square ratio.By formulating similarity criterion index, quantify similarity degree (such as Fig. 2 institute
Show), a possibility that crackle occurs in the position is directly described by the size of numerical value.Vector similarity is compared in frequency square variation
Criterion index can be obtained by following formula:
F in formula1,F2The frequency square respectively indicated in damage library changes the frequency square obtained than vector sum field experiment
Vector is compared in variation.Intrinsic frequency, which changes duplicate ratio vector correlation criterion, indicates the degree of correlation of two vectors.The range of this index
For 0-1.The change for illustrating not causing frequency in this case if 0, blade is intact.If illustrating this damage close to 1
Condition of the injury condition causes the change of frequency, therefore structure frequency changes duplicate ratio and damage library in the presence of the crackle obtained by experiment
In data compare, where determining the position of crackle.By procedure described above, the position of crackle has just been had determined
It sets.
On the other hand, it is responded according to the overall situation of the blade vibration measured, then determines the size of crackle.It is rung above by the overall situation
It, will according to displacement x>=0 and displacement x<0 or according to acceleration a≤0 and a > 0 after the crack position information that should obtain blade
Overall situation response resolves into Liang Ge local acknowledgement, determines the size parameter of crackle according to this.It is obtained often using MATLAB software programming
The spectrogram of a local acknowledgement obtains local natural frequency value ω1And ω2.Specifically, blade vibration as shown in Figure 3 is global
Liang Ge local acknowledgement (as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5) is resolved into response.The waveform of obtained two parts up and down is reconstructed, it will
Waveform after reconstruct carries out spectrum analysis, so that it may obtain the natural frequency ω of regional area1And ω2(as shown in Figure 6).By
Following formula calculates the relative variation of local intrinsic frequency:
Utilize Δ ω1,2This parameter determines the crackle size information of blade according to the difference of two frequency values.
By procedure described above, the crack position and size information of ventilating vane have just been had determined.
Further, the difference of the present invention and the sensitivity of traditional other methods are compared.It is false before cracking
If global intrinsic frequency size is ω0, local intrinsic frequency (when x > 0) ω1=ω, local intrinsic frequency (when x < 0) ω2=ω.
At this point, global natural frequency value are as follows:
After having crackle generation, it is assumed that global frequencies fall to β ω, local frequencies ω1It falls to α ω (0 < α < 1), part
Frequencies omega2It remains unchanged.So, global frequencies can be expressed from the next:
The variation of global frequencies are as follows:
The difference of local frequencies are as follows:
Δ ω=(1- α) ω > Δ ω0
So identifying severe crack degree than based on high more of global frequencies sensitivity based on local frequencies difference.
Claims (2)
1. the ventilating vane method for crack based on vibration, it is characterised in that:
That steps are as follows is described for concrete implementation,
Firstly, measuring the global response of blade vibration, which is dynamic respond or acceleration responsive；The position of crackle and big
Small determination, it is first determined the then position of crackle determines the size of crackle；
Using the obtained overall situation in response to determining that the location parameter of crackle；Structure frequency has easy measurement and data are more accurate
Advantage, so this method carries out non-destructive tests based on frequency；After obtaining global response, the former ranks for measuring good blade are solid
There is frequency and recorded, then measures the intrinsic frequency and note of the failure blade in the case of multiple groups difference crack position parameter
Record, establishes the characteristic pattern of the intrinsic frequency squared frequency test showed in the presence of crackle that is, establishes a damage library；Finally
The value and damage library data obtained by actual experiment compares, and judges the position that crackle occurs；A similarity is formulated to sentence
According to, quantified by index value crackle occur in the position a possibility that；Actually measured value and damage library data are compared
Compared with the data that compared result obtains are analyzed, more accurately to determine the more specific location information of crackle；
Before identifying crack position information, need to establish a standard --- similarity criterion；Frequency square changes than vector phase
It can be obtained by following formula like degree criterion index:
F in formula1, F2The frequency square that the frequency square variation in damage library is obtained than vector sum field experiment is respectively indicated to change
Than vector, AC (F1, F2) indicating similarity criterion, intrinsic frequency, which changes duplicate ratio vector correlation criterion, indicates the phase of two vectors
Pass degree illustrates the change for not causing frequency in this case if value is 0, and blade is intact, if illustrating this close to 1
Kind degree of impairment causes the change of frequency, thus may determine that damage position directly passes through after having this related criteria
The size of numerical value quantifies similarity degree；Similarity degree is bigger, illustrates that a possibility that crackle occurs in the position is bigger, when similar
When degree is greater than 90%, so that it may confirm that crack fault just occurs in the position；
After crack position has been determined, overall situation response is decomposed into Liang Ge local acknowledgement, the size parameter of crackle is determined with this；
The rigidity of blade can change at the equilbrium position x=0 of system；And the presence of crackle, so that rigid when blade is intact
Degree k changes, and the rigidity that one section of the crackle left side becomes k1, the rigidity that one section of the right becomes k2；Specifically, according to displacement x >=
0 and displacement x < 0 or according to acceleration a≤0 and a > 0, resolves into Liang Ge local acknowledgement for overall situation response；Further, it utilizes
MATLAB software programming obtains the spectrogram of each local acknowledgement, obtains local natural frequency value ω1And ω2；Then it will obtain
The difference of two frequencies compares, so that it is determined that the severity of crackle；
According to the difference of local acknowledgement's intrinsic frequency, i.e. the relative variation of intrinsic frequency identifies the severity of crackle:
If two frequency values are equal, illustrating blade, there is no crack faults；If two frequency values differ in size, illustrate blade
Crackle exists；And if relative variation is bigger, illustrate the crackle generated than more serious；It is on the contrary then illustrate generate split
Line is smaller.
2. the ventilating vane method for crack according to claim 1 based on vibration, it is characterised in that:
The implementation steps of this method are as follows:
Firstly, measuring the global response of blade vibration, which is the dynamic respond obtained by displacement sensor, or by adding
The acceleration responsive that velocity sensor obtains；Dynamic respond curve is used when theory analysis；
On the one hand, it is responded according to the overall situation of the blade vibration measured, determines the location parameter of crackle；The former ranks for choosing blade are solid
There is frequency, measures good blade and any second order intrinsic frequency of the failure blade under multiple groups difference Crack Parameters size cases
Size；The ratio between the frequency square changing value of any two order for calculating this selected a few rank intrinsic frequency, establishes crackle and deposits
When show intrinsic frequency variation duplicate ratio characteristic pattern；By formulation similarity criterion index, quantify similarity degree,
A possibility that crackle occurs in the position is directly described by the size of numerical value；Frequency square changes than vector similarity criterion
Index can be obtained by following formula:
F in formula1, F2The frequency square that the frequency square variation in damage library is obtained than vector sum field experiment is respectively indicated to change
Compare vector；AC(F1, F2) indicating similarity criterion, intrinsic frequency, which changes duplicate ratio vector correlation criterion, indicates the phase of two vectors
Pass degree；The range of this index is 0-1；The change for illustrating not causing frequency in this case if 0, blade is intact
's；If illustrating that this degree of impairment causes the change of frequency, therefore pass through structure in the presence of the crackle of experiment acquisition close to 1
Frequency changes duplicate ratio and compares with the data damaged in library, where the position for determining crackle；By procedure described above, just
The position of crackle is had determined；
On the other hand, it is responded according to the overall situation of the blade vibration measured, then determines the size of crackle；Leaf is obtained by overall situation response
After the crack position information of piece, according to displacement x >=0 and displacement x < 0 or according to acceleration a≤0 and a > 0, the overall situation is rung
Liang Ge local acknowledgement should be resolved into, determines the size parameter of crackle according to this；Each part is obtained using MATLAB software programming
The spectrogram of response obtains local natural frequency value ω1And ω2；The waveform of obtained two parts up and down is reconstructed, it will
Waveform after reconstruct carries out spectrum analysis, just obtains the natural frequency ω of regional area1And ω2；It is solid that part is calculated by following formula
There is the relative variation of frequency:
Utilize Δ ω1,2This parameter determines the crackle size information of blade according to the difference of two frequency values；
By procedure described above, the crack position and size information of ventilating vane have just been had determined；
Further, the difference of the sensitivity of this method and traditional other methods is compared；Before cracking, it is assumed that complete
Office's intrinsic frequency size is ω0, when x > 0, the intrinsic frequency ω in part1=ω；When x < 0, local natural frequency ω2=ω；At this point,
Global natural frequency value are as follows:
After having crackle generation, it is assumed that global frequencies fall to β ω, local frequencies ω1Fall to α ω, 0 < α < 1, local frequencies
ω2It remains unchanged；So, global frequencies can be expressed from the next:
The variation of global frequencies are as follows:
The difference of local frequencies are as follows:
Δ ω=(1- α) ω > Δ ω0
So identifying severe crack degree than based on high more of global frequencies sensitivity based on local frequencies difference.
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| CN106501369A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-15 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of fan blade crack position determines method |
| CN107064315B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-09-27 | 北京工业大学 | Blade cracks position and depth recognition method based on wavelet analysis |
| JP6901906B2 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2021-07-14 | 株式会社ディスコ | Cutting equipment |
| JP7164468B2 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2022-11-01 | Ntn株式会社 | Condition monitoring device and condition monitoring system |
| FR3086059B1 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-11-06 | Cartesiam | METHOD OF MONITORING THE OPERATION OF A MACHINE GENERATING VIBRATIONS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SUCH A PROCESS |
| CN109828033B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-08-03 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Damage identification method and system based on vibration response similarity analysis |
| CN110610492B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-03-21 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Method and system for identifying external damage of full-size blade of in-service fan, storage medium and terminal |
| CN112084693B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2024-02-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Quantitative identification method for crack damage in circularly symmetric structure |
| US11808779B2 (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2023-11-07 | Nxp B.V. | Method for identifying an object having a replaceable accessary and an object therefor |
| CN114166941A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Blade crack length parameter online identification method |
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