CN105843259A - Photovoltaic module control method and system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105843259A CN105843259A CN201610203896.2A CN201610203896A CN105843259A CN 105843259 A CN105843259 A CN 105843259A CN 201610203896 A CN201610203896 A CN 201610203896A CN 105843259 A CN105843259 A CN 105843259A
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic module control method and system which can simultaneously control at least one photovoltaic module. The control method for any photovoltaic module comprises: collecting wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position where a photovoltaic module is located, and sending collected information to a PLC; determining a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, a vertical turning signal according to the vertical shadow information, a horizontal turning signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and a cleaning signal according to the output power information; controlling the opening and closing of a turning breaker according to the braking control signal; and when the turning breaker is closed, performing turning light tracing control in a vertical direction according to the vertical turning signal, performing turning light tracing control in a horizontal direction according to the horizontal turning signal, and performing cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal. The photovoltaic module control method and system can improve the output power of photovoltaic modules to a greater degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a control method and a control system of a photovoltaic module.
Background
Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, the massive development of petroleum and coal, the reserve of non-renewable resources is less and less, the living environment of human beings is worse and worse, and the development of new energy has been improved to the national strategic height. Solar energy is a clean, renewable and wide-distribution new energy, and the current solar power generation industry is a key supporting object for the government of China.
The most important component in a solar photovoltaic system is a battery, the battery is a basic unit for collecting sunlight, and a large number of batteries are combined together to form a photovoltaic component. The laboratory conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon modules used in large quantities in photovoltaic power stations nowadays has reached 20.3%. However, in the prior art, when the photovoltaic module is used in an actual complex environment, the output power of the photovoltaic module is greatly influenced by sunlight change and dust accumulation, so that the output power of the photovoltaic module is low, the working efficiency of a solar photovoltaic system is reduced, and the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method and a control system of a photovoltaic module, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the output power of the photovoltaic module is low, the working efficiency of a solar photovoltaic system is further reduced, and the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station is reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a method for controlling a photovoltaic module, which can control at least one photovoltaic module simultaneously, wherein the method for controlling any one photovoltaic module comprises:
acquiring corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position of the photovoltaic module, and sending the acquired information to a PLC (programmable logic controller);
the PLC determines a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determines a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determines a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determines a cleaning signal according to the output power information;
controlling the turning on and off of a steering brake according to the brake control signal;
when the steering brake is closed, steering and light-following control in the vertical direction is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the vertical steering signal, steering and light-following control in the horizontal direction is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the horizontal steering signal, and cleaning control is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal.
Preferably, the step of determining a brake control signal according to the wind speed information includes:
comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value;
when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal.
Preferably, the vertical shadow information includes: aiming at a first current collected by an upper standard battery and a second current collected by a lower standard battery in two integrated standard batteries which are arranged in the vertical direction and are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module;
the step of determining a vertical turn signal based on the vertical shadow information comprises:
calculating a difference between the first current and the second current;
when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical up steering signal.
Preferably, the horizontal shading information includes: aiming at a third current collected by the left standard cell and a fourth current collected by the right standard cell in two integrated standard cells which are arranged in the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module and arranged in the left-right direction;
the step of determining a horizontal turn signal from the horizontal shading information comprises:
calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current;
when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal.
Preferably, the output power information includes: the first output power is collected aiming at the photovoltaic module, and the second output power is collected aiming at a standard module without dust deposition on the surface;
the step of determining a cleaning signal from the output power information comprises:
calculating a power difference between the second output power and the first output power;
when the power difference is larger than a set power threshold value, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning starting signal; otherwise, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning forbidding signal.
Preferably, the step of performing cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal includes:
if the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal to a cleaning device fixed on the photovoltaic assembly in advance so as to indicate the cleaning device to automatically clean the photovoltaic assembly;
or,
and if the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal in an alarm form to inform that the photovoltaic module is cleaned.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
when the photovoltaic module is determined to be in a special environment, the PLC receives a control signal input by a user when the user operates on a control interface of the PLC, and performs related control indicated by the control signal on the photovoltaic module according to the control signal.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention also discloses a control system of a photovoltaic module, which can control at least one photovoltaic module simultaneously, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position of the photovoltaic module and sending the acquired information to the PLC;
the determining module is used for determining a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determining a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determining a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determining a cleaning signal according to the output power information;
the brake control module is used for controlling the turning on and off of the steering brake according to the brake control signal;
and the assembly control module is used for carrying out steering and light-following control on the photovoltaic assembly in the vertical direction according to the vertical steering signal, carrying out steering and light-following control on the photovoltaic assembly in the horizontal direction according to the horizontal steering signal and carrying out cleaning control on the photovoltaic assembly according to the cleaning signal when the steering brake is closed.
Preferably, the determining module comprises:
the braking determination unit is used for comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value; when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal.
Preferably, the vertical shadow information includes: aiming at a first current collected by an upper standard battery and a second current collected by a lower standard battery in two integrated standard batteries which are arranged in the vertical direction and are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module; the determining module comprises: a vertical determination unit for calculating a difference between the first current and the second current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference value is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical upward steering signal;
the horizontal shading information includes: aiming at a third current collected by the left standard cell and a fourth current collected by the right standard cell in two integrated standard cells which are arranged in the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module and arranged in the left-right direction; the determining module further comprises: a level determination unit for calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can control at least one photovoltaic module at the same time, and when any one photovoltaic module is controlled, the acquisition device acquires wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information in real time, and the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) analyzes the acquired information to obtain corresponding control signals, and performs corresponding steering control and cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the control signals, and the PLC has the characteristics of free programming, high precision, stability and flexibility, so that the invention can perform tracking control on the photovoltaic module with high precision and flexibility, perform cleaning control on the photovoltaic module more timely, realize full-automatic integrated control on tracking and cleaning, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module to a greater extent and improving the working efficiency of a solar photovoltaic system, and the economic benefit of the photovoltaic power station is increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for controlling a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic control diagram of a photovoltaic module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control system of a photovoltaic module according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention considers that when the photovoltaic module is used in a practical complex environment, the output power of the photovoltaic module is greatly influenced by sunlight change and dust accumulation, so that the output power of the photovoltaic module is lower, if an automatic light tracking control system is adopted, the output power of the photovoltaic module can be improved by about 35%, and the output power can be greatly improved by removing dust from the photovoltaic module, so that the mode of tracking light control and cleaning the photovoltaic module is selected to improve the output power of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the light tracking control can be performed by adopting automatic tracking control modes such as a single-axis tracking system and a double-axis tracking system which are controlled by a single chip microcomputer to track the sun track, but the control technology has the advantages of low efficiency, poor anti-interference capability, strong environment dependence, high failure rate, difficult expansion, large workload of operation and maintenance personnel, unchangeable control program and incapability of performing flexible control according to actual variable environment; in the aspect of the dust removing technology of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module can be cleaned by adopting a timing manual dust removing mode, but the mode cannot timely remove dust on the photovoltaic module, the output power of the photovoltaic module is greatly influenced, and the manual cleaning cost is higher. Therefore, the invention adopts the PLC to carry out full-automatic integrated control on light tracking and cleaning, has higher control precision and more timely control, and thus improves the output power of the photovoltaic module to a greater extent.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for controlling a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The control method of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment can control at least one photovoltaic module at the same time. The control method for any one photovoltaic module can comprise the following steps:
step 101, collecting corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position of the photovoltaic module, and sending the collected information to a PLC.
The photovoltaic module (also called solar panel) is a core part of a solar power generation system and is also the most important part of the solar power generation system, and the photovoltaic module is used for converting solar energy into electric energy, or sending the electric energy to a storage battery for storage, or pushing a load to work.
The information acquisition device is arranged at the position of the photovoltaic module, and is used for acquiring wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information of the position of the photovoltaic module, for example, the wind speed information of the position of the photovoltaic module can be acquired by using a wind speed measuring instrument, the vertical shadow information corresponding to the photovoltaic module is acquired by using a vertical shadow measuring instrument, the horizontal shadow information corresponding to the photovoltaic module is acquired by using a horizontal shadow measuring instrument, and the output power information corresponding to the photovoltaic module is acquired by using a module power measuring instrument. The information acquisition equipment is respectively connected with the PLC, after the information is acquired, the information acquisition equipment can respectively send the acquired information (namely the wind speed information, the vertical shadow information, the horizontal shadow information and the output power information) to the PLC, and the information is correspondingly processed by the PLC to obtain corresponding control signals.
And 102, the PLC determines a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determines a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determines a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determines a cleaning signal according to the output power information.
After receiving the information collected by the information collecting equipment, the PLC can determine a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determine a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determine a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determine a cleaning signal according to the output power information.
Preferably, the wind speed information in the embodiment of the present invention may include a wind speed at a position where the photovoltaic module is located. The process of determining the brake control signal according to the wind speed information in step 102 may include: comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value; when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal. The braking control signal is directed at a steering brake, when the steering brake is turned on, the photovoltaic module is not subjected to steering light tracking control and cleaning control, and when the steering brake is turned off, the photovoltaic module is subjected to steering light tracking control and cleaning control. The size of the wind speed threshold may be set by a person skilled in the art according to practical experience, a practical environment where the photovoltaic module is located, and the like, and may be set to 20m/s, 25m/s, and the like, and the specific value of the wind speed threshold is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Preferably, the apparatus for acquiring vertical shadow information in the embodiment of the present invention may include two single crystal/polycrystalline standard cells integrated together, arranged in an up-and-down direction, and placed at the same horizontal position of the photovoltaic module, so as not to shield the photovoltaic module, and mainly used for detecting whether the photovoltaic module has a shadow in the vertical direction, where the acquired vertical shadow information may include: aiming at the standard batteries which are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module, are integrated together and are arranged in the vertical direction, the first current collected by the upper standard battery and the second current collected by the lower standard battery are collected.
The process of determining a vertical turn signal according to the vertical shadow information in step 102 may include: calculating a difference between the first current and the second current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical up steering signal. When the difference value between the first current and the second current is zero, the photovoltaic module is indicated to have no shadow in the vertical direction, namely the photovoltaic module is directly opposite to sunlight in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic module does not need to be subjected to steering and light-following control in the vertical direction under the condition, and the vertical steering signal is determined to be a vertical steering forbidding signal; when the difference value of the first current and the second current is a negative value, in order to ensure that the photovoltaic module has no shadow in the vertical direction, namely ensure that the photovoltaic module is opposite to sunlight in the vertical direction, the photovoltaic module can be controlled to vertically turn downwards, so that the vertical turning signal is determined to be a vertical downwards turning signal; when the difference value of the first current and the second current is a positive value, the photovoltaic module can be controlled to turn vertically upwards in order to ensure that the photovoltaic module has no shadow in the vertical direction, namely, the photovoltaic module is ensured to be over against sunlight in the vertical direction, and therefore the vertical turning signal is determined to be a vertical upwards turning signal.
Preferably, the apparatus for acquiring horizontal shadow information in the embodiment of the present invention may include two single crystal/polycrystalline standard cells integrated together, arranged in the left-right direction, and placed at the same horizontal position of the photovoltaic module, so as not to shield the photovoltaic module, and mainly used for detecting whether the photovoltaic module has a shadow in the horizontal direction, where the acquired horizontal shadow information may include: the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic module, a first standard cell, a second standard cell and a third standard cell, wherein the photovoltaic module is arranged on the same horizontal plane, the two standard cells are integrated together and are arranged in the left-right direction, and the third standard cell on the left side collects third current and the fourth standard cell on the right side collects fourth current.
The process of determining a horizontal turn signal according to the vertical shadow information in step 102 may include: calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal. When the difference value between the third current and the fourth current is zero, the photovoltaic module is indicated to have no shadow in the horizontal direction, namely the photovoltaic module is over against sunlight in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic module does not need to be subjected to steering and light-following control in the horizontal direction under the condition, and the horizontal steering signal is determined to be a horizontal steering forbidding signal; when the difference value of the third current and the fourth current is a negative value, in order to ensure that the photovoltaic module has no shadow in the horizontal direction, namely ensure that the photovoltaic module is over against sunlight in the horizontal direction, the photovoltaic module can be controlled to horizontally turn to the right, so that the horizontal turning signal is determined to be a horizontal right turning signal; when the difference value between the third current and the fourth current is a positive value, in order to ensure that the photovoltaic module has no shadow in the horizontal direction, namely ensure that the photovoltaic module is over against sunlight in the horizontal direction, the photovoltaic module can be controlled to turn left horizontally, so that the horizontal turning signal is determined to be a horizontal left turning signal.
Preferably, the apparatus for acquiring output power information in the embodiment of the present invention may acquire output power for a photovoltaic module to be controlled and a standard module without dust deposition on the surface, respectively, and therefore the output power information includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a first output power collected aiming at the photovoltaic module and a second output power collected aiming at a standard module without dust deposition on the surface. The process of determining a cleaning signal according to the output power information in step 102 may include: calculating a power difference between the second output power and the first output power; when the power difference is larger than a set power threshold value, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning starting signal; otherwise, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning forbidding signal. By comparing the first output power of the photovoltaic module with the second output power of the standard module, when the power difference between the first output power of the photovoltaic module and the second output power of the standard module exceeds a power threshold, it can be determined that dust deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic module has a large influence on the output power of the photovoltaic module at the moment, the photovoltaic module needs to be cleaned, and otherwise it can be determined that the photovoltaic module does not need to be cleaned temporarily. The size of the power threshold may be set by a person skilled in the art according to practical experience, for example, the size may be set to 25W, 30W, and the like, and the specific value of the power threshold is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
And 103, controlling the turning on and off of the steering brake according to the brake control signal.
If the braking control signal is determined to be the starting signal in the step 102, the starting signal is sent to the steering brake to control the steering brake to be started, and when the steering brake is started, the steering follow-up control and the cleaning control are not performed on the photovoltaic module, so that the vertical steering device, the horizontal steering device and the cleaning device stop running. In this case, therefore, the subsequent step 104 is not performed, but the process returns to step 101 to continue collecting the corresponding information.
If the braking control signal is determined to be the closing signal in the step 102, the closing signal is sent to the steering brake to control the steering brake to be closed, and when the steering brake is closed, the steering follow-up control and the cleaning control are performed on the photovoltaic assembly, so that the vertical steering device, the horizontal steering device and the cleaning device operate according to the corresponding control signals to execute corresponding actions.
And 104, when the steering brake is closed, performing steering and light following control on the photovoltaic module in the vertical direction according to the vertical steering signal, performing steering and light following control on the photovoltaic module in the horizontal direction according to the horizontal steering signal, and performing cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal.
When the steering brake is closed, steering light-following control and cleaning control are required to be performed on the photovoltaic module, specifically, the steering light-following control in the vertical direction is performed on the photovoltaic module according to the vertical steering signal, the steering light-following control in the horizontal direction is performed on the photovoltaic module according to the horizontal steering signal, and the cleaning control is performed on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal.
The process of performing steering and light-following control on the photovoltaic module in the vertical direction according to the vertical steering signal may include: if the vertical steering signal is a vertical upward steering signal, sending the vertical upward steering signal to a vertical steering device, and controlling the photovoltaic module to vertically steer upward through the vertical steering device; if the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal, sending the vertical downward steering signal to a vertical steering device, and controlling the photovoltaic module to vertically steer downward through the vertical steering device; if the vertical steering signal is the vertical steering forbidding signal, the vertical steering forbidding signal is sent to the vertical steering device, and the photovoltaic module is controlled by the vertical steering device to not steer in the vertical direction.
The process of performing steering and light following control on the photovoltaic module in the horizontal direction according to the horizontal steering signal may include: if the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal, the horizontal left steering signal is sent to a horizontal steering device, and the horizontal steering of the photovoltaic module is controlled through the horizontal steering device; if the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal, the horizontal right steering signal is sent to a horizontal steering device, and the horizontal steering device controls the photovoltaic module to steer horizontally to the right; if the horizontal steering signal is the horizontal steering forbidding signal, the horizontal steering forbidding signal is sent to the horizontal steering device, and the photovoltaic module is controlled by the horizontal steering device to not steer in the horizontal direction.
It should be noted that, in the steering and light-following control process of the photovoltaic module, steering may be performed according to a fixed corner control strategy, a set steering angle is steered each time, and after steering, the control returns to step 101 to continuously acquire corresponding information. The size of the steering angle can be set by a person skilled in the art according to practical experience, and the specific value of the steering angle is not limited by the embodiment of the invention.
The process of cleaning and controlling the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal may include: if the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal to a cleaning device fixed on the photovoltaic assembly in advance to indicate the cleaning device to automatically clean the photovoltaic assembly, or if the cleaning signal is the cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal in an alarm form to inform the cleaning of the photovoltaic assembly, such as informing operation and maintenance personnel to clean the photovoltaic assembly; if the cleaning signal is a cleaning prohibition signal, the cleaning prohibition signal is sent to a cleaning device fixed on the photovoltaic assembly in advance to indicate that the cleaning device does not clean the photovoltaic assembly, and if the cleaning signal is the cleaning prohibition signal, no alarm is given, that is, no cleaning of the photovoltaic assembly is informed.
Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, different control strategies may be adopted for the photovoltaic module according to the environment where the photovoltaic module is located, and therefore, before the step 101, a step of determining the environment where the photovoltaic module is located may be further included. When the photovoltaic module is determined to be in a normal environment (the normal environment may refer to the conditions of clear weather, normal steering brake and the like), the control processes of the steps 101 to 104 can be executed; when it is determined that the photovoltaic module is in a special environment (the special environment can refer to the conditions of rain, snow, wind, sand, failure of a steering brake and the like), manual control can be performed through a control interface of the PLC, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the PLC receives a control signal input by a user when the user operates on a control interface of the PLC, and performs related control indicated by the control signal on the photovoltaic module according to the control signal, wherein the control signal can comprise a vertical steering signal, a horizontal steering signal and a cleaning signal, the PLC can perform steering and light-chasing control on the photovoltaic module in the vertical direction according to the vertical steering signal, perform steering and light-chasing control on the photovoltaic module in the horizontal direction according to the horizontal steering signal, and perform cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal, and the specific control process can be described by referring to the related description of the step 104.
The embodiment of the invention can carry out high-precision and flexible light tracing control on the photovoltaic module, can carry out cleaning control on the photovoltaic module more timely, and can realize full-automatic integrated control on light tracing and cleaning, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module to a greater extent, improving the working efficiency of a solar photovoltaic system and increasing the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station.
Example two
The method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of carrying out wind speed measurement, vertical shadow measurement, horizontal shadow measurement and component output power measurement at the same position of a photovoltaic component to obtain a PLC input signal; the light tracking system and the cleaning system are accurately and efficiently controlled through the PLC, the absorption of the photovoltaic assembly on light energy is increased, the influence of dust accumulation on the output power of the photovoltaic assembly is reduced, the real-time monitoring and flexible control can be performed on the light tracking system and the cleaning system of the photovoltaic assembly through the communication function of the PLC, and therefore the purpose of maximum power output is achieved in the continuous power generation process of the photovoltaic assembly.
Referring to fig. 2, a control schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention includes the following parts: the signal acquisition part: wind speed measuring instrument, vertical shadow measuring instrument, horizontal shadow measuring instrument and component power measuring instrument; the control part: PLC, remote monitoring system; the operation device part: steering brake, vertical steering device, horizontal steering device, cleaning device. The signal acquisition part acquires information corresponding to the photovoltaic module, the PLC performs algorithm control on each piece of information, a control signal is output to the corresponding operation device, the operation state of the operation device is controlled, the information acquired by the signal acquisition part can be changed when the operation device operates, and then the whole system forms complete closed-loop control.
The height of the anemometer is higher than that of the photovoltaic module, and the position of the anemometer does not shield the photovoltaic module. Generally, wind speed measuring instruments convert wind energy into electric energy, and the larger the wind energy is, the stronger the converted electric signal is, and the weaker the electric signal is. The wind speed measuring instrument outputs wind speed information, the wind speed information is input into the PLC and then is compared with a set wind speed threshold, when the collected wind speed is greater than the wind speed threshold, the steering brake is started, and at the moment, the running device is in a stop state, namely, the light tracking control system and the cleaning control system stop running, so that the photovoltaic assembly and the running device are protected; when the collected wind speed is less than or equal to the wind speed threshold value, the steering brake is closed, and the operation device starts to operate, namely the follow spot control system and the cleaning control system operate.
The vertical shadow detector and the horizontal shadow detector are positioned on the same plane with the photovoltaic module so as to ensure that the angle between the vertical shadow detector and the sunlight is equal to the angle between the photovoltaic module and the sunlight. The vertical shadow detector can output two kinds of information (aiming at a first current collected by the upper standard battery and a second current collected by the lower standard battery in the standard batteries which are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module, integrated together and arranged in the vertical direction), and the two kinds of information are subjected to a steering control algorithm through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to obtain a control signal of the vertical steering asynchronous motor. The horizontal shadow detector can output two kinds of information (aiming at a third current collected by a left standard battery and a fourth current collected by a right standard battery in the standard batteries which are arranged at the same horizontal plane position, integrated together and arranged in the left-right direction of the photovoltaic module), and the two kinds of information are subjected to a steering control algorithm through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to obtain a horizontal steering asynchronous motor control signal. It should be noted that the light following control system may include a plurality of control strategies, for example, a fixed rotation angle control strategy and a shadow elimination control strategy that are determined according to geographical locations may be jointly used, and the shadow elimination control is mainly used when weather is fine, and the fixed rotation angle control is mainly used when weather is not fine, so as to enhance the light following control effect. By continuously controlling the light tracking system (a vertical steering device and a horizontal steering device), the effect that the photovoltaic module always faces the sunlight and the maximum output power is obtained can be achieved.
The component power detector is placed on the back of the photovoltaic component, and the principle that the photovoltaic component is not shielded is taken as the principle. Selecting a standard photovoltaic module, wherein dust does not exist on the surface of the standard photovoltaic module, and collecting first output power aiming at the standard photovoltaic module; and collecting a second output power aiming at the photovoltaic component to be controlled, wherein the photovoltaic component has no specificity and is compared with the measurement of a standard photovoltaic component. Therefore, the component power detector outputs two kinds of information (a first output power collected by the photovoltaic component and a second output power collected by the standard component without dust deposition on the surface), and the PLC obtains a corresponding cleaning control signal through a power attenuation algorithm so as to control the cleaning device. It should be noted that the cleaning device may have a variety of options, for example, the cleaning task may be performed by a cleaning device fixed to the photovoltaic module, and the cleaning device may return to its original position after the cleaning of the photovoltaic module is completed; and the other type is that when the PLC outputs a cleaning starting signal, the cleaning alarm device sends a cleaning starting signal to the operation and maintenance personnel of the power station so as to inform the operation and maintenance personnel to complete the cleaning task of the photovoltaic module in time.
It should be noted that, in the case of special conditions such as rain, snow, wind, sand, and brake failure, the control system can be manually controlled through the PLC control interface, thereby ensuring the safety of the photovoltaic module and the system.
For the specific processes of the operation of the above devices, reference may be made to the description related to the first embodiment, and the embodiments of the present invention are not discussed in detail herein.
The following specifically describes how to output maximum power in the actual power generation process of the photovoltaic module by taking the inner Mongolia Daqi 20MW photovoltaic power station as a parameter.
When the detected wind speed is more than 20m/s, the PLC sends an opening signal to the steering brake, the steering brake is opened, the light tracking system and the cleaning system are in a stop state at the moment, and the photovoltaic module restores to the state of an initial fixed inclination angle of 41 degrees. When the irradiance is lower than 500W/m2When the system is in a stop state, the light tracing system mainly controls a fixed rotation angle, and the shadow eliminating control stops. The following description refers to a number of variables, the definition of which is shown in Table one:
| variable names | Design parameters | Variable names | Design parameters |
| Wind speed 1 | ≥20m/s | Brake 1 | Is opened |
| Wind speed 2 | ＜20m/s | Brake 2 | Close off |
| Vertical steering 1 | Rotate clockwise | Horizontal steering 1 | Rotate clockwise |
| Vertical steering 2 | Rotate counterclockwise | Horizontal steering 2 | Rotate counterclockwise |
| Range of vertical steering angle | -10～+49deg | Range of horizontal steering angle | -95～+100deg |
| Power difference 1 | ≥25W | Cleaning 1 | Is opened |
| Irradiance 1 | ＞500W/m2 | Irradiance 2 | ≤500W/m2 |
| Initial state | 41° |
Watch 1
For example, when the wind speed is 09:00 and 2 in the early morning, the braking is 2, the light tracking system and the cleaning system are in the operating state, the vertical steering device and the horizontal steering device start to operate from the initial state, and the radiation degree projected on the photovoltaic module is 550W/m2The temperature of the back plate is 42.5 ℃, and the output power is 201.83W; the maximum radiation degree projected on the photovoltaic module after vertical steering 1 and horizontal steering 2 is 589W/m2And the back plate temperature is 40.80 ℃, the output power is 217.26W, and the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved by 1.73W under the Condition of converting to STC (Standard Test Condition). At noon 12: braking 2 at the wind speed of 30 wind speed 2, wherein the radiation degree of the radiation projected on the photovoltaic module is 901W/m2The temperature of the back plate is 53.6 ℃, and the output power is 196.84W; at 12:35 wind speed 2 at noon, braking 2, wherein the radiation degree projected on the photovoltaic module is 918W/m2And the temperature of the back plate is 53.6 ℃, the output power is 197.73W, and the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved by 3.08W under the condition of converting to STC. Therefore, the photovoltaic module always keeps the maximum radiation receiving in the operation process, and the maximum power output is guaranteed to be kept.
At a certain moment, the power difference is 1, the cleaning device starts to operate, and before the photovoltaic module is not cleaned, the radiation degree projected on the photovoltaic module is 989W/m2The temperature of the back plate is 43.20 ℃, the output power is 195.47W, and after the photovoltaic module is cleaned, the radiation degree projected on the photovoltaic module at the moment is 990W/m2And the temperature of the back plate is 44.0 ℃, the output power is 221.60W, and the output power is improved by 30.12W under the condition of converting the back plate into the STC, so that the photovoltaic module is cleaned in time, and the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module can be ensured.
The embodiment of the invention takes the PLC as a control center, and solves the technical problems that the singlechip is low in control efficiency, poor in anti-interference capability, strong in dependence on the environment, high in failure rate, not easy to expand, unchangeable in control program and incapable of flexibly controlling according to the actual variable environment, and the problem that cleaning control is not timely performed manually. Through following spot system and clean system accurate operation, improve photovoltaic module output, improved photovoltaic power plant generated energy, increase the performance of enterprises. The light tracking system and the cleaning system are controlled integrally, so that the automation degree is improved, the single control of common sunlight tracking and photovoltaic module cleaning is avoided, the anti-interference capability is poor, the dependence on the environment is strong, and unnecessary troubles caused by high-precision fault rate are avoided. The photovoltaic module is monitored in a remote mode in a full state, operation and maintenance are achieved intelligently, and operation and maintenance cost is reduced. The control program is flexible and variable, debugging control can be carried out according to the actual condition of the photovoltaic assembly, and safety of the photovoltaic assembly system can be guaranteed through manual operation under special conditions.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 3, a block diagram of a control system of a photovoltaic module according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The control system of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment can control at least one photovoltaic module at the same time, and the system can comprise the following modules:
the collecting module 301 is configured to collect corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at a position where the photovoltaic module is located, and send the collected information to the PLC;
a determining module 302, configured to determine a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determine a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determine a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determine a cleaning signal according to the output power information;
the brake control module 303 is used for controlling the turning on and off of the steering brake according to the brake control signal;
and the component control module 304 is configured to, when the steering brake is turned off, perform steering and light-following control in the vertical direction on the photovoltaic component according to the vertical steering signal, perform steering and light-following control in the horizontal direction on the photovoltaic component according to the horizontal steering signal, and perform cleaning control on the photovoltaic component according to the cleaning signal.
Preferably, the determining module may include: the braking determination unit is used for comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value; when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal.
Preferably, the vertical shadow information includes: aiming at the standard batteries which are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module, are integrated together and are arranged in the vertical direction, the first current collected by the upper standard battery and the second current collected by the lower standard battery are collected. The determining module may include: a vertical determination unit for calculating a difference between the first current and the second current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical up steering signal.
Preferably, the horizontal shading information includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic module, a first standard cell, a second standard cell and a third standard cell, wherein the photovoltaic module is arranged on the same horizontal plane, the two standard cells are integrated together and are arranged in the left-right direction, and the third standard cell on the left side collects third current and the fourth standard cell on the right side collects fourth current. The determining module may include: a level determination unit for calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal.
Preferably, the output power information includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a first output power collected aiming at the photovoltaic module and a second output power collected aiming at a standard module without dust deposition on the surface. The determining module may include: a cleaning determination unit for calculating a power difference between the second output power and the first output power; when the power difference is larger than a set power threshold value, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning starting signal; otherwise, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning forbidding signal.
Preferably, the component control module includes: the cleaning control unit is used for sending the cleaning starting signal to a cleaning device fixed on the photovoltaic assembly in advance when the cleaning signal is the cleaning starting signal so as to instruct the cleaning device to automatically clean the photovoltaic assembly; or when the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, the cleaning starting signal is sent in an alarm form to inform that the photovoltaic module is cleaned.
Preferably, the system may further include: and the interface control module is used for receiving a control signal input by a user when the photovoltaic assembly is determined to be in a special environment and performing related control indicated by the control signal on the photovoltaic assembly according to the control signal.
The embodiment of the invention can carry out high-precision and flexible light tracing control on the photovoltaic module, can carry out cleaning control on the photovoltaic module more timely, and can realize full-automatic integrated control on light tracing and cleaning, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module to a greater extent, improving the working efficiency of a solar photovoltaic system and increasing the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station.
For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The method and the system for controlling the photovoltaic module provided by the invention are described in detail, and the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A control method of photovoltaic modules is characterized in that at least one photovoltaic module is controlled simultaneously, wherein the control method of any one photovoltaic module comprises the following steps:
acquiring corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position of the photovoltaic module, and sending the acquired information to a PLC (programmable logic controller);
the PLC determines a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determines a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determines a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determines a cleaning signal according to the output power information;
controlling the turning on and off of a steering brake according to the brake control signal;
when the steering brake is closed, steering and light-following control in the vertical direction is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the vertical steering signal, steering and light-following control in the horizontal direction is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the horizontal steering signal, and cleaning control is carried out on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a brake control signal based on the wind speed information comprises:
comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value;
when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertical shading information comprises: aiming at a first current collected by an upper standard battery and a second current collected by a lower standard battery in two integrated standard batteries which are arranged in the vertical direction and are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module;
the step of determining a vertical turn signal based on the vertical shadow information comprises:
calculating a difference between the first current and the second current;
when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical up steering signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the horizontal shading information comprises: aiming at a third current collected by the left standard cell and a fourth current collected by the right standard cell in two integrated standard cells which are arranged in the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module and arranged in the left-right direction;
the step of determining a horizontal turn signal from the horizontal shading information comprises:
calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current;
when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the output power information comprises: the first output power is collected aiming at the photovoltaic module, and the second output power is collected aiming at a standard module without dust deposition on the surface;
the step of determining a cleaning signal from the output power information comprises:
calculating a power difference between the second output power and the first output power;
when the power difference is larger than a set power threshold value, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning starting signal; otherwise, determining the cleaning signal as a cleaning forbidding signal.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the step of performing cleaning control on the photovoltaic module according to the cleaning signal comprises:
if the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal to a cleaning device fixed on the photovoltaic assembly in advance so as to indicate the cleaning device to automatically clean the photovoltaic assembly;
or,
and if the cleaning signal is a cleaning starting signal, sending the cleaning starting signal in an alarm form to inform that the photovoltaic module is cleaned.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the photovoltaic module is determined to be in a special environment, the PLC receives a control signal input by a user when the user operates on a control interface of the PLC, and performs related control indicated by the control signal on the photovoltaic module according to the control signal.
8. A control system for photovoltaic modules, wherein at least one photovoltaic module is controlled simultaneously, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring corresponding wind speed information, vertical shadow information, horizontal shadow information and output power information at the position of the photovoltaic module and sending the acquired information to the PLC;
the determining module is used for determining a braking control signal according to the wind speed information, determining a vertical steering signal according to the vertical shadow information, determining a horizontal steering signal according to the horizontal shadow information, and determining a cleaning signal according to the output power information;
the brake control module is used for controlling the turning on and off of the steering brake according to the brake control signal;
and the assembly control module is used for carrying out steering and light-following control on the photovoltaic assembly in the vertical direction according to the vertical steering signal, carrying out steering and light-following control on the photovoltaic assembly in the horizontal direction according to the horizontal steering signal and carrying out cleaning control on the photovoltaic assembly according to the cleaning signal when the steering brake is closed.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the determining module comprises:
the braking determination unit is used for comparing the wind speed information with a set wind speed threshold value; when the wind speed information is larger than a set wind speed threshold value, determining the braking control signal as an opening signal; otherwise, determining the brake control signal as a closing signal.
10. The system of claim 8,
the vertical shading information includes: aiming at a first current collected by an upper standard battery and a second current collected by a lower standard battery in two integrated standard batteries which are arranged in the vertical direction and are arranged at the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module;
the determining module comprises: a vertical determination unit for calculating a difference between the first current and the second current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical downward steering signal; when the difference value is a positive value, determining that the vertical steering signal is a vertical upward steering signal;
the horizontal shading information includes: aiming at a third current collected by the left standard cell and a fourth current collected by the right standard cell in two integrated standard cells which are arranged in the same horizontal plane position of the photovoltaic module and arranged in the left-right direction;
the determining module further comprises: a level determination unit for calculating a difference between the third current and the fourth current; when the difference value is a negative value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal right steering signal; when the difference is a positive value, determining that the horizontal steering signal is a horizontal left steering signal.
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