CN105838585B - Diatom culture apparatus and method - Google Patents
Diatom culture apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The diatom culture apparatus and method of the present invention, wherein diatom culture apparatus of the invention, include culture vessel for containing culture medium and the diatom attached plate being placed in inside culture vessel, further includes the gas tube for blowing air to diatom attached plate being placed in inside culture vessel.The diatom cultural method of the present invention, including：Algae incubation step, mass propgation step, harvesting step, low temperature stimulation step.Technical scheme of the present invention, for existing microalgae liquid cultivation conditional harshness, high energy consumption, the problem low with cell density easy to pollute, a kind of diatom culture apparatus and method simple in structure, effectively improving diatom yield of biomass are provided, harsh condition is not needed using technical scheme of the present invention culture microalgae, energy consumption is relatively low, it is not susceptible to pollute, and highdensity frustule can be generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microbiologies, more particularly to a kind of diatom culture apparatus and method.
Background technology
Benthic diatom contains abundant nutriment, is the important of the rare aquatic animal fry such as abalone, sea cucumber and sea urchin
Bait.Compared with planktonic microalgae, the cost of benthic diatom dehydration harvesting is relatively low, but due to the attachment characteristic of benthic diatom, unit
The yield of biomass of water body is far below the yield of biomass of planktonic microalgae such as chlorella.
In production practice, the culture of benthic diatom still generally uses natural waters hanging plate to adhere to or strike-off the tradition such as elutriation
Cultural method, under this condition of culture, various physical and chemical factors are unstable, and yield of biomass is relatively low, and quality cannot also protect
Card, the demand being unable to meet production.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of diatoms simple in structure, effectively improving diatom yield of biomass
Culture apparatus and method.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention includes culture vessel for containing culture medium and is placed in inside culture vessel
Diatom attached plate, further include be placed in inside culture vessel for blowing the gas tube of air, the gas tube to diatom attached plate
It is connect with inflator pump.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein further include being placed in inside culture vessel to be used to support diatom attached plate
Attached plate frame, the attached plate frame includes bottom plate and is respectively perpendicular four sidebars on four sides for be connected to bottom plate, described in four
Sidebar is sequentially connected end to end, and the diatom attached plate is respectively protruding into two relatively perpendicular to the bottom plate, the both ends of the diatom attached plate
In the relative clearance of the sidebar, diatom attached plate is supported with attached plate frame described in this.
The present invention diatom culture apparatus, wherein further include for diatom attached plate irradiation light light source and to training
The heating rod of base heating is supported, the heating rod is placed in the inside of culture vessel.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein diatom attached plate includes the square frame of plastics and is covered in the side
The transparent plastic gauze of 40-100 purposes on shape frame.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein the square frame includes larger the first frame of plastic and area of area
The second smaller frame of plastic, the first frame of plastic four while with the second frame of plastic four while match, the plastic gauze is pressed from both sides
Hold fixation.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein the gas tube is plastic tube, is arranged on the gas tube by multiple logical
The distance of stomata, adjacent vent holes is 3-5 centimetres, and the gas tube is multiple, and multiple gas tubes are wound in diatom attached plate, phase
The tube spacing of adjacent gas tube is 30-50 centimetres.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein the gas tube is nanotube, and the gas tube is laid in culture vessel
Bottom.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein light source includes top light source and the setting being set to above culture vessel
Side light source in culture vessel both sides.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein further include the time switch for controlling inflator pump and light source, timing
It switchs and is separately connected with the power supply of the inflator pump and light source.
The diatom cultural method of the present invention, including：
Algae incubation step；
Mass propgation step：Add culture medium into culture vessel, the algae of upper step culture is placed in culture vessel, it is more
3 cm vertical of a diatom attached plate interval is placed on attached plate frame, and air is blowed to diatom attached plate, irradiates light to diatom attached plate；
Harvest step：After being cultivated 3 to 5 days in culture vessel, diatom attached plate is taken out, the seawater for having added film is positioned over
In, after 1 to 2 day, the frustule to be attached in diatom attached plate is suspended in membranaceous or sheet in water body, is adopted with screen filtration
Receive frustule, wherein play film by NH3SO4And NaNO3Composition,
Or,
Diatom attached plate is thrown in animal-breeding pond, waits for that animal licks totally.
In above-mentioned mass propgation step, specifically, by algae volume of culture with culture volume than 1：The ratio of 20-120
Algae culture solution is added in example, or the wet algae collected
In the method, wherein rise film preferably by following portions by weight than group be grouped as NH3SO4:NaNO3=2-7：
1, preferably NH3SO4:NaNO3=5:1, in use, being dissolved in F/2 culture mediums, it is made into the skinning agent solution of 20~80mg/L concentration.
Above-mentioned diatom can be benthic diatom, such as Nitzschia, double eyebrow algae spp, in the mass propgation step, training
Foster actual conditions can be arranged according to the growth conditions of different diatoms, for example, in an embodiment of the invention, for
Diamond shape algae Nitzschia sp., double eyebrow algaes, Amphora sp., the condition of mass propgation step are to make the temperature of sea water medium
It is 25-38 DEG C, light, intensity of illumination 10-80mol.m is irradiated to diatom attached plate-2.s-1, make daytime：Night ratio is 14 hours：10 is small
When.
Wherein, for double eyebrow algae spp, such as Amphora coffeaeformis and Amphora exigua further include that will adopt
Frustule after receipts is put together, and is placed in 5-25 DEG C of low temperature environment and is given low temperature stimulation 0.5-2 days, the algae after low temperature stimulation
Cell grease content can be improved 50% or so, and EPA content can be improved 2-5 times.
Technical scheme of the present invention, using the biological characteristics of the attachment of benthic diatom, by cell culture in solid culture
On material, after playing film, the frustule being attached on solid material can be detached from attaching substratum, be by screen filtration
It can harvest, eliminate the process of scraping attached cell, also save required energy consumption when general planktonic microalgae centrifugal dehydration.
Technical scheme of the present invention, it is close for existing microalgae liquid cultivation conditional harshness, high energy consumption, easy to pollute and cell
Low problem is spent, a kind of diatom culture apparatus and method simple in structure, effectively improving diatom yield of biomass are provided, uses this
The technical solution culture microalgae of invention does not need harsh condition, and energy consumption is relatively low, is not susceptible to pollute, and can generate highly dense
The frustule of degree.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main sectional view of the structural schematic diagram of the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the left view of the structural schematic diagram of the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of the structural schematic diagram of attached plate frame；
Fig. 4 is the front view of the structural schematic diagram of diatom attached plate；
Fig. 5 is the front view of the structural schematic diagram of the diatom attached plate of another embodiment.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, diatom culture apparatus of the invention, include culture vessel 1 for containing culture medium and
The diatom attached plate 2 being placed in inside culture vessel 1 further includes being placed in inside culture vessel 1 to be used to blow air to diatom attached plate 2
Gas tube 3, gas tube 3 connect with inflator pump.
The volume of culture vessel 1 can be 5 liters -500 liters, and material can be glass or plastics or cement.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, diatom culture apparatus of the invention, wherein further include the use being placed in inside culture vessel 1
In the attached plate frame 4 of bearing diatom attached plate 2, attached plate frame 4 is including bottom plate 41 and is respectively perpendicular four sides for being connected to bottom plate 41
Upper four sidebars 42, four sidebars 42 are sequentially connected end to end, and diatom attached plate 2 is distinguished perpendicular to bottom plate 41, the both ends of diatom attached plate 2
It stretches into the relative clearance on two opposite sides column, with this attached plate frame 4 bearing diatom attached plate 2.
The present invention diatom culture apparatus, wherein attached plate frame 4 can holding multiple pieces diatom attached plate, according to culture vessel length
The quantity of diatom attached plate is adjusted, foster container is changeable, and a diatom attached plate is put per 3-5 centimetres.
The present invention diatom culture apparatus, wherein further include for diatom attached plate irradiation light light source and be used for
To the heating rod of culture medium heating, heating rod is placed in the inside of culture vessel 1.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein diatom attached plate 2 includes the square frame 21 of plastics and is covered in rectangular
The transparent plastic gauze 22 of 40-100 purposes on frame 21.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein square frame 21 include larger the first frame of plastic and area of area compared with
The second small frame of plastic, the first frame of plastic four while with the second frame of plastic four while match, plastic gauze 22 is clamped solid
It is fixed.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein diatom attached plate 2 keeps frustule harvesting convenient, saves culture space.
The material of plastic gauze 22 can be polyethylene or ethylene or nylon.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 5, in the other embodiment of the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, it can utilize U-shaped edge band 8 will
Plastic gauze 22 is fixed on square frame 21.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein gas tube 3 is plastic tube, is arranged on gas tube 3 by multiple ventholes 6,
The distance of adjacent vent holes 6 is 3-5 centimetres, and gas tube 3 is multiple, and multiple gas tubes 3 are wound in diatom attached plate 2, adjacent
The tube spacing of gas tube 3 is 30-50 centimetres.Gas tube 3 is connect with inflator pump, the power of inflator pump, the length of gas tube according to
Culture vessel size adjust, culture vessel it is sufficiently bulky when, multigroup gas tube can be set.Gas tube is used to lead into culture vessel
Enter the mixing gas of air or air and carbon dioxide.
Gas tube 3 can make ventilation uniform, prevent oxygen gas buildup, promote the photosynthesis of microalgae, improve yield of biomass.
In the other embodiment of the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, gas tube can be nanotube, and gas tube is laid in training
The bottom of container is supported, such gas tube can also effectively prevent the pollution of the planktonic microalgaes such as cyanobacteria and green alga and zooplankter.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein light source includes being set to the top light source 51 of 1 top of culture vessel and setting
It is placed in the side light source 52 of culture vessel both sides.Top light source 51 and side light source 52 are fluorescent lamp or LED.
Top light source 51 is hung on the sunpender of 1 top of culture vessel.Side light source 52 can be it is external and two kinds built-in,
If culture vessel 1 is transparent, the both sides of culture vessel 1 are hung on using elongated fluorescent tube, if culture vessel 1 is non-
The LED light bar of waterproof can be fixed on the inner wall of culture vessel 1 by bright container.The setting of side light source can be according to diatom to light
Demand depending on.The diatom of less demanding to illumination can not set side light source.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, wherein further include the time switch for controlling inflator pump and light source, timing
It switchs and is separately connected with the power supply of inflator pump and light source, time switch controls the power supply of inflator pump and light source, specific
In embodiment, ventilation and lighting power switch period can be set according to microalgae biological characteristics to open 14 hours, closing 10 hours.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention, one-time investment is few and operating cost is low, easy to operate, it is not necessary to use titanium dioxide
Carbon occurrence of equipment, and have many advantages, such as to significantly reduce miscellaneous algae and protozoan pollution.The diatom culture apparatus culture of the present invention
Several benthic diatom dry biomass yield can reach 5-10g/ ㎡, about 1g/L.
The diatom culture apparatus of the present invention implements the diatom cultural method of the present invention, including：
Algae incubation step：Seawater adds SiO2Medium culture algae；
Mass propgation step：Add sea water medium into culture vessel, the algae of upper step culture is pressed into algae culture body
Product and sea water medium volume ratio 1：20—1：120 are placed in culture vessel, and 3 cm vertical of multiple diatom attached plates interval is placed in attached
On grillage, air is blowed to diatom attached plate, light is irradiated to diatom attached plate；
Harvest step：After being cultivated 3 to 5 days in culture vessel, diatom attached plate is taken out, the seawater for having added film is positioned over
In, after 1 to 2 day, the frustule to be attached in diatom attached plate is suspended in membranaceous or sheet in water body, is adopted with screen filtration
Frustule is received,
Or,
Diatom attached plate is thrown in animal-breeding pond, waits for that animal licks totally.
Wherein, rise film by following portions by weight than group be grouped as NH3SO4:NaNO3=2-7：1, preferably NH3SO4:
NaNO3=5:1, in use, being dissolved in F/2 culture mediums, it is made into the skinning agent solution of 20~80mg/L concentration.
Implement the embodiment one of the diatom cultural method of the present invention using the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention
Two kinds of benthic diatoms of the present embodiment pair carry out culture experiment, i.e. algae one：Diamond shape algae Nitzschia sp., algae
Two：Double eyebrow algaes, Amphora coffeaeformis
Algae incubation step：Utilize F/2 medium culture algaes；30-38 DEG C of stationary culture, culture are a concentration of to algae strain
0.1g/L。
F/2 culture mediums are to add following element in every liter of seawater：NaNO3 75mg,NaH2PO4·2H2O5.65mg,Na2
EDTA 4.16mg,FeCl3·6H2O 3.15mg,Na2SiO3·9H2O 20mg, CuSO4·5H2O 0.01mg,ZnSO4·7H2O
0.022mg,CoCl2·6H2O 0.01mg,MnCl2·4H2O0.18mg,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.006mg,Vitamin B12
0.0005mg,Vitamin B1 0.1mg,Biotin0.0005mg。
Mass propgation step：Using the translucent plastic case of 50L as culture vessel, the F/2 seawater training of 40L is added into container
Base is supported, 100mg (weight in wet base) algae is poured into culture medium, 40-80 mesh polyethylene gauzes are fixed on plastic frame, is formed and is used
In the diatom attached plate of diatom attachment, 3 cm vertical of multiple diatom attached plates interval is placed on attached plate frame, and sky is blowed to diatom attached plate
Gas, it is 30-38 DEG C to make the temperature of sea water medium, irradiates light, intensity of illumination 10-80mol.m to diatom attached plate-2.s-1, make
The daytime that diatom is experienced：Night ratio is 14 hours：10 hours.
After three days, attached full yellowish-brown diatom on gauze.The gauze of attached full diatom is removed, is put into young stichopus japonicus aquaculture pond, sea
Ginseng is to the positive feeding of diatom on gauze.Remaining gauze is removed, rubs the diatom adhered on lower gauze with the hands, by static layering, is taken off
Water, drying obtain microalgae solid.The dry biomass yield of diamond shape algae is about 5.6g/ ㎡, and the dry biomass yield of double eyebrow algaes is about
10.5g/ ㎡, the microalgae biomass yield using gauze culture are common methods using PC plate as the octuple of attached plate.
In traditional microalgae liquid cultivation, a large amount of energy expenditure is mended in water body operation, stirring, ventilation, carbon dioxide
It gives and harvests.Harsh condition is not needed using the method culture microalgae of the present invention, equipment is simple, easy to operate, and energy consumption is relatively low,
And highdensity frustule can be generated, aquaculture application is suitble to.In addition, experiment shows attachment of the diatom on gauze
Intensity is digested higher than the upper common PC plate of production, more conducively animal feeding.Because animal is in the high diatom of the attached poor intensity of feeding,
Diatom test is more easy to broken wall, is conducive to animal digestion.
Implement the embodiment two of the diatom cultural method of the present invention using the diatom culture apparatus of the present invention
The present embodiment carries out culture experiment to double eyebrow algae spp, Amphora coffeaeformis and Amphora exigua.
Algae incubation step：Utilize F/2 medium culture algaes；30-38 DEG C of stationary culture, culture are a concentration of to algae strain
0.1g/L。
Mass propgation step：40 liters of F/2 culture mediums are added into 50 liters of culture vessels, F/2 culture medium salinity is 35 ‰
To 55 ‰, by the algae of upper step culture by algae volume of culture and F/2 culture volumes than 1：100 are placed in culture vessel,
PC plate is fixed on plastic frame, the diatom attached plate for diatom attachment is formed, 3 cm vertical of multiple diatom attached plates interval is set
In on attached plate frame, air is blowed to diatom attached plate, it is 35-38 DEG C to make the temperature of sea water medium, irradiates light to diatom attached plate,
20 μm of ol.m of intensity of illumination-2.s-1, daytime for making diatom experience：Night ratio is 14 hours：10 hours；
Harvest step：After being cultivated 3 to 5 days in culture vessel, diatom attached plate is taken out, is positioned in skinning agent solution and (adds
In the F/2 culture mediums for having added film, it is 70g/L seawater to play film additive amount), after 1 day, the diatom being attached in diatom attached plate is thin
Born of the same parents are suspended in membranaceous or bulk sheet in water body, and frustule is harvested with screen filtration；Film is played by following portions by weight ratio
Group be grouped as NH3SO4:NaNO3=5:1.
Low temperature stimulation step：Frustule after harvesting is put together, be placed in 18-20 DEG C of recirculated water bath give it is low
Frustule, is then freeze-dried by temperature stimulation 1 day.
For double eyebrow algaes, the temperature of sea water medium is 35-38 DEG C, the other embodiment of diatom cultural method of the invention
In, it can not also heat.
When the method for this film harvesting diatom is suitable for using plastic plate or glass plate as attached plate, and use gauze as
The diatom attachment cultivated when attached plate is tighter, and density is high, it is not necessary to which scraping harvesting can directly throw net (attached plate) in animals such as sea cucumbers
In aquaculture pond, after animal licks totally, net (attached plate) can be reused.
The diatom cultural method of the present invention includes low temperature stimulation step, and through analysis, the frustule grease after low temperature stimulation contains
Amount can be improved 50% or so, and EPA content can be improved 3 times or so.
Since diatom individual is small, it is always a bottleneck that frustule is harvested from algae solution.Data show that diatom harvesting
Cost accounts for the 20% to 30% of its aquaculture cost (including cultivate and harvest).Seek a kind of high efficiency, low cost, free of contamination adopt
The problem of receiving method is current diatom industry urgent need to resolve.
Technical scheme of the present invention, using the biological characteristics of the attachment of benthic diatom, by cell culture in solid culture
On material, after playing film, the frustule being attached on solid material can be detached from attaching substratum, be by screen filtration
It can harvest, eliminate the process of scraping attached cell, also save required energy consumption when general planktonic diatom centrifugal dehydration.
The present invention for traditional diatom liquid cultivation conditional harshness, high energy consumption, easy to pollute low with cell density ask
Topic, provides a kind of diatom cultural method, does not need harsh condition using the method culture diatom of the present invention, energy consumption is relatively low, no
It easily pollutes, and highdensity frustule can be generated.
It the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that those skilled in the art are come
It says, without departing from the principle of the present invention, can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of diatom culture apparatus, which is characterized in that include culture vessel for containing culture medium and be placed in culture and hold
Diatom attached plate inside device further includes the gas tube for blowing air to diatom attached plate being placed in inside culture vessel, described
Gas tube is connect with inflator pump；Further include the attached plate frame for supporting diatom attached plate being placed in inside culture vessel, the attached plate
Frame includes bottom plate and is respectively perpendicular four sidebars on four sides for be connected to bottom plate, and four sidebars connect from beginning to end successively
It connects, the diatom attached plate is respectively protruding into the opposite of the two relatively described sidebars perpendicular to the bottom plate, the both ends of the diatom attached plate
In gap, diatom attached plate is supported with attached plate frame described in this；Diatom attached plate includes the square frame of plastics and is covered in the side
The transparent plastic gauze of 40-100 purposes on shape frame.
2. diatom culture apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include for diatom attached plate irradiation light
Light source and heating rod for being heated to culture medium, the heating rod are placed in the inside of culture vessel.
3. diatom culture apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the square frame includes larger first of area
Frame of plastic and smaller the second frame of plastic of area, the first frame of plastic four while with the second frame of plastic four while match, by institute
Plastic gauze is stated to grip.
4. diatom culture apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gas tube is plastic tube, the gas tube
By multiple ventholes, the distance of adjacent vent holes is 3~5 centimetres for upper setting, and the gas tube is multiple, multiple gas tube windings
In in diatom attached plate, the tube spacing of adjacent gas tube is 30-50 centimetres.
5. diatom culture apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gas tube is laid in the bottom of culture vessel
Portion；
And/or light source includes the top light source being set to above culture vessel and the side light source for being set to culture vessel both sides；
And/or further include time switch for controlling inflator pump and light source, time switch and the inflator pump and light source
Power supply be separately connected.
6. a kind of diatom cultural method, which is characterized in that use diatom culture apparatus culture diatom described in claim 1, packet
It includes：
Algae incubation step；
Mass propgation step：Add culture medium into culture vessel, the algae of upper step culture is placed in culture vessel, multiple silicon
Algae attached plate interval 3-5 cm verticals are placed on attached plate frame, and air is blowed to diatom attached plate, irradiate light to diatom attached plate；
Harvest step：After being cultivated 3 to 5 days in culture vessel, diatom attached plate is taken out, diatom attached plate is thrown in animal-breeding pond
In, wait for that animal licks totally.
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