CN105837289B - Special fertilizer package of peanut liquid manure integration - Google Patents
Special fertilizer package of peanut liquid manure integration Download PDFInfo
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- CN105837289B CN105837289B CN201610221813.2A CN201610221813A CN105837289B CN 105837289 B CN105837289 B CN 105837289B CN 201610221813 A CN201610221813 A CN 201610221813A CN 105837289 B CN105837289 B CN 105837289B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer set for peanut water and fertilizer integration, wherein the total application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is determined according to the target yield, the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of every 100kg of produced peanuts are respectively 1-1.3kg, 0.5-0.8kg and 1.5-1.8kg, the application ratios of nitrogen fertilizers are respectively 15-20%, 30-35%, 25-30% and 15-20% in the seedling stage of 7-10 days after spring peanut sowing, the flowering needle stage of 32-42 days after peanut sowing, the pod bearing period of 57-72 days after peanut sowing and the full fruit maturity stage of 91-101 days after peanut sowing, and the application ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are respectively 5-10%, 25-30%, 35-40% and 25-30%. The invention achieves the purpose of accurate fertilization according to the requirement, greatly reduces the using amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, obviously improves the utilization rate of the fertilizers, avoids the defects of overgrowth and lodging in the middle period and premature senility and blight in the later period of the conventional fertilization of peanuts under the condition of drip irrigation, saves the cost, increases the yield and has obvious efficiency. Wherein the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively reduced by 48.0-60.0%, 60.0-75.0% and 28.0-40.0%, the utilization rate is respectively improved by 14.9-21.3%, 23.3-35.8% and 15.0-24.1%, the plant height of the peanut is reduced by 11.4-13.5%, the yield is increased by 5.4-8.6%, and the synergistic effect is 16.4-22.2%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer agriculture, and particularly relates to a water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer set meal for peanuts.
Background
The water and fertilizer integration is a high-efficiency water and fertilizer application technology developed based on a drip irrigation system in recent years, can provide water and nutrients regularly and quantitatively according to the growth and development rules of crops, realizes the coupling of water and fertilizer supply and crop requirements, greatly reduces the waste of water and fertilizer, and improves the utilization efficiency. Drip irrigation under plastic films of peanuts is a cultivation technology which is applied only in recent years, and few people research how to scientifically fertilize the peanuts under the drip irrigation condition. At present, the peanut drip irrigation condition generally adopts the fertilization mode of one-time basal application before sowing, and the drawback of the fertilization mode is as follows: firstly, the fertilizer supply time is staggered with the fertilizer requirement characteristics of peanuts, the peanuts absorb nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium most in the middle growth period (the flowering needle period and the pod bearing period), the later growth period (the full fruit period) is next, and the early growth period (the seedling period) is least. The one-time basal application of the fertilizer can lead the peanut to have sufficient soil nutrition supply in the early growth stage, the plant is fast to develop, the peanut is easy to grow and fall in vain in the middle stage, and the peanut is in the later stage and is out of fertilizer and premature senility, so that the pod plumpness and the yield are reduced; secondly, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and the threat to the ecological environment is large. Nitrogen is easily lost in soil through leaching, runoff, volatilization and other ways, the environment is polluted, and the phosphorus concentration in the soil is extremely high, so that the utilization rate is reduced because the nitrogen is easily fixed by the soil. Therefore, although the conventional fertilization is large in dosage, peanut plants are less utilized. Therefore, the method has important practical significance in supplying the fertilizer according to needs according to different growth periods of the peanuts under the drip irrigation condition, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improving the benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of dislocation of fertilizer supply time and peanut fertilizer requirement characteristics, inconsistency of peanut nutrition supply and demand, low fertilizer utilization rate and the like in the existing fertilizer application, the invention reasonably plans the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption and proportion in different growth periods according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition absorption characteristics and the consumption required by unit yield of the peanuts in different growth periods under the drip irrigation condition, and realizes the 'supply and demand consistency' of nutrients. And further, the nutrient requirements of peanuts are met, the fertilizer consumption is reduced, the residue and loss of the fertilizer in soil are reduced to the maximum extent, the fertilizer utilization rate and yield are improved, the cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The special fertilizer set meal for integrating the peanut water and fertilizer determines the total application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the target yield, wherein the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of every 100kg of produced legume are respectively 1-1.3kg, 0.5-0.8kg and 1.5-1.8kg, the application ratios of the nitrogen fertilizer are respectively 15% -20%, 30% -35%, 25% -30% and 15% -20% in a seedling stage of 7-10 days after spring peanut sowing, a flowering needle stage of 32-42 days after peanut sowing, a pod bearing period of 57-72 days after peanut sowing and a full fruit maturing stage of 91-101 days after peanut sowing, and the application ratios of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are respectively 5% -10%, 25% -30%, 35% -40% and 25% -30%.
further, the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the weight ratio of N: P 2 O 5: K 2 O: 15:15:15, the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is determined according to the phosphorus application amount, and the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is supplemented by the urea and the potassium chloride.
Further, fertilizer application rates were determined from 100kg peanut pods as follows: the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the seedling stage are 0.17-0.53kg, 0.27-0.39kg and 0.08-0.17kg respectively, the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the flowering stage are 0.83-1.60kg, 0.38-0.47kg and 0.42-0.50kg respectively, the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the pod stage are 1.17-2.13kg, 0.15-0.16kg and 0.58-0.67kg respectively, and the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the full fruit ripening stage are 0.83-1.60kg, 0.04-0.05kg and 0.42-0.50kg respectively, and the application is carried out along with the application.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Under the condition of drip irrigation, the fertilizer is supplied according to the requirements of the peanuts on the fertilizer in different growth periods, so that the requirements of the peanuts on nutrition can be met, the fixation and loss of the fertilizer in soil can be reduced to the maximum extent, the supply and demand consistency of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer supply and the peanut plant requirements during the growth period is realized, the accurate fertilization according to the requirements is realized, the using amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is greatly reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is obviously improved, the defects of excessive growth and lodging in the middle period and early senescence and fruit blight in the later period of the conventional fertilization of the peanuts under the condition of drip irrigation are avoided, and the cost is saved, the yield is increased, and the efficiency is. Wherein the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively reduced by 48.0-60.0%, 60.0-75.0% and 28.0-40.0%, the utilization rate is respectively improved by 14.9-21.3%, 23.3-35.8% and 15.0-24.1%, the plant height of the peanut is reduced by 11.4-13.5%, the yield is increased by 5.4-8.6%, and the synergistic effect is 16.4-22.2%.
Detailed Description
Example 1: sandy loam fertilizer and water integrated test
Compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively reduced by 48.0-60.0%, 60.0-75.0% and 28.0-40.0%, the utilization rate is respectively increased by 15.5-21.3%, 26.4-35.8% and 15.0-23.2%, the plant height of the peanut is reduced by 12.0-13.5%, the yield is increased by 6.1-8.6%, and the efficiency is increased by 16.7-18.0%.
TABLE 1 application effect of the technology of the present invention at the yield level of 300 kg/mu
The method comprises the steps of applying 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 33 # peanut variety flower cultivation before sowing, applying N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in conventional fertilization modes, wherein the application rates of the N, P 2 O 5 and the K 2 O are respectively 7.5, 6 and 7.5 kg/mu, applying basal application once before sowing, the application rates in 2014 and 2015 are the same, and performing drip irrigation watering during peanut cultivation, wherein the application rates of the N, P 2 O 5 and the K 2 O are respectively 3.9, 2.4 and 5.4 kg/mu in 2014, and the application rates of the 2015 are respectively 3, 1.5 and 4.5 kg/mu in 2015.
example 2: integral test of sand ginger black soil, fertilizer and water
Compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively reduced by 48.0-60.0%, 60.0-75.0% and 28.0-40.0%, the utilization rate is respectively increased by 14.9-20.7%, 23.3-32.1% and 16.1-24.1%, the plant height of the peanut is reduced by 11.4-11.7%, the yield is increased by 5.4-6.0%, and the efficiency is increased by 16.4-22.2%.
Table 2 shows the application effect of the technology of the invention at the yield level of 450 kg/mu
The method comprises the steps of applying 400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer before sowing and applying 22 # of peanut seeds in both fertilizing modes, applying N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in the conventional fertilizing modes with application rates of 11.3, 8.5 and 11.3 kg/mu respectively, applying basal application before sowing with the same application rate in two years, and watering by drip irrigation in the peanut growing period, wherein the application rates of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in 2014 are 5.9, 3.6 and 8.1 kg/mu respectively, and the application rates of 2015 in the conventional fertilizing modes are 4.5, 2.3 and 6.8 kg/mu respectively.
The above description is not meant to be limiting, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for fertilizing the peanut water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer package is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Fertilizing in the seedling stage: fertilizing for the first time 7-10 days after sowing of the spring peanuts, wherein the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% -20%, and the application ratio of the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 5% -10%;
2) Fertilizing in the flowering stage: fertilizing for the second time 32-42 days after peanut seeding, wherein the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30-35%, and the application ratio of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 25-30%;
3) Fertilizing in a pod bearing period: after peanut seeding, fertilizing for the third time 57-72 days, wherein the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is 25% -30%, and the application ratio of the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 35% -40%;
4) Fertilizing in a full fruit mature period: applying fertilizer for the fourth time 91-101 days after peanut seeding, wherein the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15-20%, and the application ratio of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 25-30%;
the total application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is determined according to the target yield in the first fertilization, the second fertilization, the third fertilization and the fourth fertilization, wherein the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of every 100kg of produced pods are 1-1.3kg, 0.5-0.8kg and 1.5-1.8kg respectively.
2. The fertilizer method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer types in the peanut water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer package comprise a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride, the ternary compound fertilizer is composed of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to a weight ratio of N: P 2 O 5: K 2 O ═ 15:15: 15:15, the nitrogen content of the urea is 46%, the potassium chloride contains 60% of potassium oxide, the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is determined according to the phosphorus application amount, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are supplemented with the urea and the potassium chloride.
3. The method for fertilizing the peanut water and fertilizer integrated special fertilizer package as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer application amount is determined according to 100kg of peanut pods as follows: the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the seedling stage are 0.17-0.53kg, 0.27-0.39kg and 0.08-0.17kg respectively, the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the flowering stage are 0.83-1.60kg, 0.38-0.47kg and 0.42-0.50kg respectively, the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the pod stage are 1.17-2.13kg, 0.15-0.16kg and 0.58-0.67kg respectively, and the application rates of the compound fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride in the full fruit ripening stage are 0.83-1.60kg, 0.04-0.05kg and 0.42-0.50kg respectively, and the application is carried out along with the application.
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| CN106258144A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 宣威市龙津生物科技有限责任公司 | Herba Erigerontis water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method |
| CN110249950B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2021-09-14 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for improving peanut yield by prolonging peanut growth period |
| CN111320506A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-23 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Peanut fertilizer composition, preparation method and fertilizing method |
| CN114158334A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 湖北富邦科技股份有限公司 | Application method of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts |
| CN114790127A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-26 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | Fertilizer special for peanuts in arid region and use method thereof |
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| CN1410399A (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2003-04-16 | 山东省花生研究所 | Wheat and peanut interplant special composite fertilizer |
| CN105027935B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-03-23 | 新疆玉维鲜农业科技中心 | High yield cultivation method of peanut |
| CN105230306B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-12-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut under-film drip irrigation high yield water-saving cultivation method |
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