CN105831438A - Milk cow feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a milk cow feed. The milk cow feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of silage corns, 5-15 parts of mulberry branch powder, 5-10 parts of alfalfa, 1-6 parts of oat grass, 4-10 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of fishbone meal, 1-4 parts of sohrora japonica powder, 3-7 parts of compound amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5-1.0 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-0.5 part of table salt, 0.5-1.0 part of tea polyphenol and 0.05-0.2 part of tea saponin. The milk cow feed can be used for obviously reducing the pH value of cow rumen and NH3-N concentration, improving microorganism protein yield of the cow rumen, obviously controlling the quantity of protozoa of the cow rumen and improving the milk quality.

Description

A kind of milk cow forage and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to animal feeding-stuff field, particularly relate to a kind of milk cow forage and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Ruminate and refer to that the food return of half digestion under one's belt is chewed after after a while by feed the most again.Ruminant Be exactly the animal ruminating phenomenon, it is common that some herbivores because the fiber of plant to be comparison heavy.Ruminant Search for food general the most hasty, particularly roughage, major part just swallows entrance cud without fully chewing, soak through rumen bypass and After softening a period of time, food comes back to oral cavity through inverse vomitting, and through chewing again, is again mixed into saliva and swallows entrance cud again.

Containing a kind of rumen metabolism in the cud of ruminant, originate essentially from each antibacterial in the nitrogen source of protozoon, protozoon quantity Minimizing can make bacterial number increase by 3 times, and therefore along with the minimizing then pre biooxidation of protozoon number is to increase, the increase of bacterial number is then Contribute to the fermentation of substrate in rumen fluid, more tropina can be provided for animal simultaneously, make animal obtain more nutrition. The material such as fodder cellulose, protein is fermented by ruminant tumor gastric microorganism provides energy for body, but produces first simultaneously The material such as alkane, ammoniacal nitrogen.

The food direct oral cavity esophagus that ruminant eats initially enters cud, and antibacterial, protozoon and fungus etc. in cud are by food 60%-70% protein, aminoacid, starch, steatolysis ferments, and a part is absorbed by the micro-organisms, and a part is produced in fermentation The raw material such as methane, ammoniacal nitrogen, not only causes fodder energy loss but also to causing environmental pollution, only 30%-40% nutrient Mass-energy enters small intestinal by cud and is directly absorbed, so the Animal nutrition scholar of various countries is constantly by various technique study mistakes Rumen feed technology.

Milch cow, as a kind of ruminant, to be milked every day, and the feedstuff of picked-up is more, and the requirement to feedstuff is higher, works out suitable Close the feedstuff of milch cow, it is ensured that the cud of milch cow is healthy, enables the higher-quality milk of milch cow output, is the research side of this area One of to.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art to provide a kind of milk cow forage, can significantly reduce cow rumen pH Value, NH₃-N concentration, can significantly improve milk quality.

The two of the purpose of the present invention are to provide the preparation method of this milk cow forage.

The technical scheme is that a kind of milk cow forage, in terms of weight fraction, be made up of following raw material:

Silagecorn 40-50 part, Ramulus Mori powder 5-15 part, Alfalfa 5-10 part, Herba avenae fatuae 1-6 part, bean cake 4-10 part, Distiller grains 5-15 part, Semen Maydis powder 5-10 part, Testa Tritici 1-5 part, Testa oryzae 10-20 part, shrimp shell meal 10-15 part, fishbone powder 5-10 Part, Flos Sophorae Immaturus powder 1-4 part, Aminoacids complex powder 3-7 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1-2 part, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-1.0 part, Sal 0.2-0.5 part, tea polyphenols 0.5-1.0 part, tea saponin 0.05-0.2 part.

Wherein said silagecorn preferred 45-50 part.

Wherein said Ramulus Mori powder preferred 10-15 part.

Wherein said distiller grains are distillers ' grains, form with several pure grains fermentations such as Sorghum vulgare Pers., Semen Maydis, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, have comfortable The taste of fermented cereal, somewhat roasting fragrant and malty, it is possible not only to reduce feed cost, and has cattle certain rush to eat, lure Food effect, preferably 5-10 part.

Wherein said Flos Sophorae Immaturus powder preferred 2-3 part.

Wherein said tea polyphenols preferred 0.5-0.8 part.

Wherein said tea saponin preferred 0.05-0.1 part, saponin weight content >=60%.

Wherein said tea polyphenols is (5-10) with the weight proportion of tea saponin: 1.

Wherein said Ramulus Mori powder preferably ferments, and fermentation process is as follows:

(1) in terms of weight fraction, by 100 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.05-0.09 part, aspergillus niger 0.1-0.2 are added Part, lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria compound bacterial strain 0.4-0.5 part, puddle, and the water adding 60-70 part stirs Mix uniformly；

(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 3-7 days.

Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:(1.6-2.5).

The preparation method of milk cow forage of the present invention, it mainly comprises the steps:

(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 15mm-25mm；

(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed；

(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.

Can be with Direct-fed after mix homogeneously, it is also possible to mixed mixture is added water and is pressed into pie or cubed feed.

Equal increments method operational approach is: takes the component that the amount of component in a small amount and equivalent is big, is concurrently placed in mixing machinery mixing Uniformly, adding the component mix homogeneously that the amount of same mixture equivalent is big, such times amount is increased up adding the component that whole amount is big Till.

Prove through inventor's lot of experiments, if step (1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae pulverizing are too short meticulous, Accelerate feedstuff Negotiation speed in cud, not only reduce the digestibility of feedstuff, and cow, ewe cannot be met to having The demand of effect fiber, thus animal health is had a negative impact；Silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are long, and cattle chews not Convenient, and simply fall out hopper, cause waste.

The part material that the present invention uses is described as follows:

Tea polyphenols: be the general name of Polyphenols of Tea, including flavanol compound, anthocyanin class, flavonoid, flavonols and Phenolic acids etc..

Tea saponin: have another name called TS, is by the class candy glycoside compound extracted in Camellia sinensis seed (camellia oleosa seed, tea-seed), A kind of natural surfactant of good performance, it can be widely applied to light industry, chemical industry, pesticide, feedstuff, cultivate, weave, The fields such as oil recovery, mining, building materials and expressway construction.

Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:

(1) cow rumen pH value, NH can be significantly reduced₃-N concentration, but all at normal physiologic range；Significantly improve milch cow Microbial nitrogen supply；

(2) cow rumen protozoon quantity can be significantly inhibited；

(3) lactose rate is significantly reduced；Milk Fat Percentage in Dairy Cows and protein ratio are provided, reduce blood urea nitrogen and Somatic Cells Content；

(4) lactation amount of milch cow can be improved.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that The following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1-14

Table 1 is embodiment 1-12, comparative example 1-4 is used raw material and quality, unit is kg.

Comparative example 1 is to eliminate tea polyphenols on the basis of embodiment 6, and comparative example 2 is to eliminate on the basis of embodiment 6 Tea saponin, in comparative example 3, tea polyphenols used and the weight proportion of tea saponin are at (5-10): outside 1, and comparative example 4 is to implement Eliminating Flos Sophorae Immaturus powder on the basis of example 12, tea saponin saponin content used is 70%.

Table 1

Table 2

Above example, comparative example feedstuff preparation method as follows:

(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 20mm；

(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed；

(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.

Wherein embodiment 6 is identical with the formula of embodiment 1, and difference is the Ramulus Mori powder of embodiment 6 by fermentation, Qi Zhongshi Executing example 7 identical with the formula of embodiment 12, difference is the Ramulus Mori powder of embodiment 12 by fermentation,

Fermentation process is as follows:

(1) by 10 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.007 part, aspergillus niger 0.02 part, lignin-degrading bacteria and fibre are added Dimension element degradation bacteria compounds bacterial strain 0.05 part, puddles, and the water adding 6-7 part stirs；

(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 6 days.

Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:2.

Feed efficiency test method of the present invention is as follows:

Test period and place:

Test and carry out in vaccary, Beijing to JIUYUE in May, 2015.

Experimental animal: holstein cow.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN and feeding and management method:

According to milk production of cow, lactogenic age in days, principle that parity is close, select Early-lactation He Sitan healthy, without disease Milch cow, is randomly divided into 16 groups, and often group 15, feeds the feedstuff of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-4 respectively, three times a day, Each 8 kilograms.

Test raising dairy cattle pattern is free choice feeding, drinking-water, freely-movable, dissipates formula management.Test cattle 7:30 every day, 14:30,21:30 feed, and then milk.Through trial test in 14 days before formal test, trial test starts formal examination after terminating Test, just trying the phase 35 days, totally 49 days whole experimental period.Raise first 1 hour morning after every 7 days in just trying the phase and gather rumen fluid, Numbering is respectively 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#.With oral cavity samplers sample rumen fluid, after 4 layers of filtered through gauze, subpackage is stored in liquid Nitrogen, is saved in-80 DEG C by rumen fluid.

Feedstuff is shown in Table 3 to the result of the test that affects of cow rumen pH value:

Table 3

As can be seen from the above results, feedstuff of the present invention can significantly reduce ruminal pH value.

Feedstuff of the present invention is to cow rumen ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) impact the results are shown in Table 4, mg/100mL.

Table 4

From table 4, comparative example is compared, each embodiment cow rumen NH₃-N concentration all significantly reduces, and from embodiment 1, implements The data of example 6 and embodiment 7 and embodiment 12 are it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, cow rumen NH₃-N Concentration reduction becomes apparent from.From the data of comparative example 4 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that added with the formula of the Flos Sophorae Immaturus, NH₃-N concentration milk Bovine rumen is lower.

Feedstuff of the present invention is shown in Table 5, mg/mL to the impact of cow rumen microprotein.

Table 5

From table 5, comparative example is compared, and each embodiment significantly improves microprotein (MCP), and MCP is ruminant master The nitrogen source supplier wanted, is provided that the nitrogen source of the 40%-80% needed for Animal nutrition is measured.Therefore, microprotein metabolism is good The bad Nutrition and Metabolism level determining rumen microflora.In rumen microorganism, antibacterial may utilize rumen zymosis Product formation MCP, enters abomasum with chyme and provides more than half required ruminant albumen for body.From embodiment 1, embodiment 6 He The data of embodiment 7 and embodiment 12 are it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, and it is more that MCP amount improves. From the data of comparative example 4 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that added with the formula of the Flos Sophorae Immaturus, it is more that MCP amount improves.

Remove protozoon, the rumen zymosis effect of protein can be reduced, increase the utilization ratio of protein.Feedstuff of the present invention is to tumor The impact of stomach protozoon quantity is shown in Table 6, unit %.

Table 6

	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#
						Embodiment 1	1.55	1.54	1.55	1.55	1.56
Embodiment 2	1.87	1.85	1.77	1.86	1.85
						Embodiment 3	1.56	1.53	1.54	1.55	1.54
Embodiment 4	1.00	1.01	1.02	0.99	0.98
						Embodiment 5	1.79	1.80	1.82	1.81	1.80
Embodiment 6	1.44	1.43	1.44	1.43	1.43
						Embodiment 7	1.83	1.80	1.83	1.84	1.83
Embodiment 8	1.54	1.56	1.55	1.54	1.53
						Embodiment 9	1.81	1.80	1.82	1.83	1.81
Embodiment 10	0.97	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.96
						Embodiment 11	1.50	1.49	1.50	1.50	1.52
Embodiment 12	1.75	1.74	1.74	1.75	1.76
						Comparative example 1	2.40	2.39	2.38	2.37	2.40
Comparative example 2	3.00	3.01	3.01	3.00	3.00
						Comparative example 3	1.97	1.96	1.95	1.96	1.96
Comparative example 4	1.95	1.93	1.94	1.95	1.94

Compared with comparative example, each embodiment all significantly reduces the quantity of rumen metabolism.From embodiment 1, embodiment 6 and reality Executing the data of example 7 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, the quantity of rumen metabolism is lower.

Rumen metabolism phagocytosis antibacterial accounts for the leading position of rumen microorganism relation, and its self-dissolving and die, it is impossible to provide for host A large amount of microproteins, remove protozoon more favourable to the digestion of milch cow.

Feedstuff of the present invention the results are shown in Table 7 to the impact of milk milk elements, and surveyed data are the test result of test last day.

Table 7

There is the biggest difference because of the impact of various factors in the component content of Lac Bovis seu Bubali, butterfat is that a kind of breast the most easily affected by daily ration becomes Point, remaining composition changes with the change of lactation period, the season of giving milk and butterfat.From the point of view of result of the test of the present invention, the present invention raises Material can significantly improve milk yield, and have rising butterfat percnetage and protein ratio, reduces blood urea nitrogen, somatic cell, milk sugar rate Effect, is effectively improved milk cow production performance.

The assay method of rumen zymosis index:

PH value: measure rumen fluid pH value with portable pH analyzer after 4 layers of filtered through gauze of rumen fluid.

Rumen fluid NH3-N concentration: use spectrophotometer method, measures concrete according to the method for Broderich and Kang See document: HU W, LIU J, WU Y, et al.Effects of tea saponins in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance in growing Boer goat[J].Archives of animal nutrition,2006(1):89-97。

(2) microprotein yield method of testing:

NH₄H₂PO₄(0.2M): weigh the NH of 23g₄H₂PO₄It is dissolved in the distilled water of 800mL, constant volume to 1000mL.

The distilled water of pH=2: take a small amount of sulphuric acid and be dissolved in distilled water so that it is pH=2.

AgNO₃Solution: weigh the AgNO of 3.3974g₃It is dissolved in the distilled water of 30mL, constant volume to 50mL.

HClO₄(0.6M) solution: by the HClO of 10mL₄(12M) distilled water is added to 200mL.

HCl (0.5M): 40mL HCl (37%) is dissolved in the distilled water of 960mL.

Rumen fluid MCP concentration uses colorimetric method for determining.Step is as follows:

1) the most accurately weigh 5,15,25,35,45,55mg yeast rna put to l0mL centrifuge tube, add 2mL 0.6mol/L HClO₄, cool down after water-bath 1h in 95 DEG C.

2) NH of 6mL 28.5mmol/L is added₄H₂PO₄Solution, in 4 DEG C after water-bath 15min cooling in 95 DEG C, Centrifugal 10min under the conditions of 3000g.

3) supernatant taking 1.6mL adds the NH of 6mL 0.2mol/L₄H₂PO₄Solution, adjusts molten with 85% phosphoric acid simultaneously The pH value of liquid so that it is pH2～3.

4) take the 3.8mL solution after adjusting pH value, add the AgNO of 0.2mL 0.4mol/L to it₃Solution, the most mixed After even 4 DEG C of lucifuges overnight.

5) at 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min under conditions of 3000g, the abandoning supernatant distilled water flushing of 8mL pH=2 sinks Form sediment, at 4 DEG C, under the conditions of 3000g after 10min abandoning supernatant.

6) in precipitation, add the HCl solution of 5mL 0.5mol/L, after mixing in 95 DEG C after water-bath 30min, Centrifugal 10min. under the conditions of 3000g.

7) with 0.5mol/L HC1 solutions as controls, supernatant utilize ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometer at 260nm UV Colorimetric is carried out under lamp.Standard curve is made according to absorbance.

8) take 8mL rumen fluid respectively to put to 3 10mL centrifuge tubes, in 4 DEG C, centrifugal 20min under the conditions of 20000g After discard supernatant, add 2.104mL 0.6mol/L HClO₄Solution, cools down after water-bath 1h in 95 DEG C.

9) operate according to step 2-6.

10) using 0.5mol/L HCl solution as reference, colorimetric under 260nm, according to absorbance and standard curve Obtain the microprotein content in rumen fluid.

11) according to below equation calculating Microbial protein production:

In microprotein (MCP, mg/L)=RNA measured value (mg/mL) × RNA nitrogen content (17.83%)/antibacterial nitrogen, RNA contains Nitrogen quantity (10%) × 6.25/ volume (mL).

Claims (10)

1. a milk cow forage, it is characterised in that in terms of weight fraction, is made up of following raw material: silagecorn 40-50 part, Ramulus Mori powder 5-15 part, Alfalfa 5-10 part, Herba avenae fatuae 1-6 part, bean cake 4-10 part, distiller grains 5-15 part, Semen Maydis powder 5-10 Part, Testa Tritici 1-5 part, Testa oryzae 10-20 part, shrimp shell meal 10-15 part, fishbone powder 5-10 part, Flos Sophorae Immaturus powder 1-4 part, compound ammonia Base acid powder 3-7 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1-2 part, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-1.0 part, Sal 0.2-0.5 part, tea polyphenols 0.5-1.0 Part, tea saponin 0.05-0.2 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described silagecorn is 45-50 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Ramulus Mori powder is 10-15 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described distiller grains are distillers ' grains, consumption is 5-10 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Flos Sophorae Immaturus powder is 2-3 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea polyphenols is 0.5-0.8 part.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea saponin is 0.05-0.1 part, saponin weight contains Amount >=60%.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea polyphenols with the weight proportion of tea saponin is (5-10): 1.

Milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Ramulus Mori powder will by fermentation, fermentation process As follows:

(1) in terms of weight fraction, by 100 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.05-0.09 part, aspergillus niger 0.1-0.2 are added Part, lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria compound bacterial strain 0.4-0.5 part, puddle, and the water adding 60-70 part stirs Mix uniformly；

(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 3-7 days；

Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:(1.6-2.5).

The preparation method of milk cow forage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 15mm-25mm；

(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed；

(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.