CN105830847B - A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring - Google Patents
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830847B CN105830847B CN201610216669.3A CN201610216669A CN105830847B CN 105830847 B CN105830847 B CN 105830847B CN 201610216669 A CN201610216669 A CN 201610216669A CN 105830847 B CN105830847 B CN 105830847B
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- root system
- babinet
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/183—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a single remote source
Abstract
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, including rigid platfor, are fixed with the first cultivation babinet on rigid platfor, and what rigid platfor was equipped with roller bearing second cultivates babinet, is located at the rigid platfor that second cultivates lower box and is equipped with scale.Described first cultivates the plant for being equipped in babinet and carrying root system, and root system of plant stretches out the first cultivation box portion and is cased with special ring and is equipped with pressure sensor, and root system of plant implantation second is cultivated in babinet.Video camera is equipped with by holder on rigid platfor.A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring of the present invention can visualize influence of the lower test root growth active force to root system surrounding with monitored for prolonged periods of time；Be conducive to prevent in engineering slope design, destruction of the root system of plant to its rock mass in side slope.
Description
Technical field
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring of the present invention, is related to plant broken rock field.
Background technology
The growth of root is that meristematic zone is coefficient with elongation zone as a result, and the longitudinal growth of root is mainly then elongation zone
Extend, pushes the growth of the tip of a root in the soil.The cell of elongation zone also begins to break up simultaneously.The characteristics of elongation zone cell is
Division is stopped, but the growth of cell does not have stopping, cell liquid alveolation degree to reinforce, cell significant elongation (increases to several times
To tens times)；Cell volume is also constantly expanding, and as a result leads to rapid elongation and the thickening in this part root zone domain.
The tension that its essence of the rupture failure of rock is rooted in microcrack destroys.Rock is often in compressive stress state, from table
Can't see on face has tensile stress as pure shear.Rock is fragile material (except high temperature, high confining pressure) because flowing be lattice it
Between slide, there is no increasing, flowing will not be broken the distance between particle.Therefore for macro strength theory,
Caused by the rupture failure of rock can not possibly be shear stress entirely.When plant root growth is deep into rock microcrack, with plant
The growth and elongation in object root elongation area, horizontal and vertical active force long-term can act on inside Rockmass fractures, at any time
Development, root system, which does not need can eventually squeeze under great role power, yet destroys rock mass.
It is directed to the research of root system of plant it can be seen from described above, has all been done very in ground building slope every field
More researchs are protected between side slope and research root system and soil property in terms of mutual physical action in root system.But in Root Parameters side
Face, such as mechanical strength of different root systems of plant and the relationship of time, root growth active force act on the long-term damage of lithosome,
Few scholars make corresponding research herein.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, can be visualized with monitored for prolonged periods of time
Influence of the lower test root growth active force to root system surrounding；Be conducive to prevent in engineering slope design, root system of plant in side slope
Destruction to its rock mass.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is：
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, including a kind of root system rock breaking mechanism visual control device, should
Device includes rigid platfor, and the first cultivation babinet is fixed on rigid platfor, and rigid platfor is equipped with second with roller bearing
Babinet is cultivated, is located at the rigid platfor that second cultivates lower box and is equipped with scale.It is equipped with and carries in the first cultivation babinet
The plant of root system, root system of plant stretch out the first cultivation box portion and are cased with special ring and are equipped with pressure sensor, root system of plant
Implantation second is cultivated in babinet.Video camera is equipped with by holder on rigid platfor.
The first cultivation babinet, the second cultivation babinet are the transparent cabinet that glass or plastic cement are made.
The special ring is made by PC makrolon, including four 1/4 annulus, each 1/4 annulus includes one
A face with pressure sensor contacts, four 1/4 annulus include four faces of four and pressure sensor contacts：First contact surface
A, the second contact surface B, third contact surface C, the 4th contact surface D are connected by spring between four 1/4 annulus.
Or：The special ring is made by PC makrolon, including four 1/4 annulus, each 1/4 annulus packet
The face of one and pressure sensor contacts are included, four 1/4 annulus include four faces of four and pressure sensor contacts：First connects
Contacting surface A, the second contact surface B, third contact surface C, the 4th contact surface D pass through rigid type rod piece between four 1/4 annulus and connect
It connects.
The first contact surface A, the second contact surface B, third contact surface C, the 4th contact surface D are burnishing surface.
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, includes the following steps：
1) rigid platfor, is fixedly mounted, rigid support is connected on rigid platfor.
2) plant for, taking one plant of the plant with root system, cultivating in first cultivates babinet, and take it relatively flourishing
Root system stretches out first and cultivates babinet, covers upper special ring in root system of plant, and babinet then is cultivated in root system of plant implantation second, and second
It cultivates babinet and carries roller bearing, the second incubator physical efficiency freely rolls on rigid platfor；
3), fixed root system of plant and second cultivates babinet, cultivates to install on the downside of babinet in root growth direction, second and fix
Scale on rigid platfor ensures that the second cultivation babinet edge is aligned with scale zero graduation；
4), in rigid support video camera installed above, Observe and measure certain period, root system expands in Root-development
Displacement, be then scaled the pressure changing of pressure sensor, and record the variation of time and pressure in real time.By upper
It states step and completes root system rock breaking mechanism visual control.
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, constraining the Rock And Soil effect of root system can be deposited with the form of force constraint
, it is also possible to the case where form of displacement constraint exists, and simulates in Practical Project, and Rock And Soil is not susceptible to apparent displacement；Displacement
When constraint, spring can be changed to rigid bar, and the displacement expansion of k-index in this direction, the inside installation of special ring is flat at this time
Flat manometer, record expansive force change with time relationship.
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring of the present invention, technique effect are as follows：
1) it, can simulate and obtain in Root-development, root system is radially expanded displacement at any time under the conditions of different soil pressures
Deformation rule, and the deformation rule of expanding radial force at any time can be further converted to, Rock And Soil is broken for root system expansion
Bad effect provides basic data.
2), the special ring that PC makrolon makes to gather around there are four pressure sensor contacts face, and is possessing contact surface
4 semicircle ring components between be to be linked with light spring, contact surface part be burnishing surface so that pressure sensor can act on it
Above reduce error.
3), second equipped with roller bearing cultivates babinet, can be freely movable on rigid platfor, has on the downside of the second cultivation babinet
Scale can record and reflect activity direction, and after whole device installation, the displacement that can be around spread according to root
To characterize the active force that root is grown forward.
4), the incubator and special ring are the device for being made as transparent visual, the top video camera of rigid support
Carry out long-term observation, it is ensured that visual record plant in growing overall process the root system enlargement process in each period, growth to spy
The real-time record of ring expansion displacement processed, in conjunction with force analysis, the expansion displacement relationship of changing with time can be scaled pressure effect
Power changes with time relationship, and the visual reality required and measure is met in the case of simulating natural condition to greatest extent
Effect property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the special ring structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the special ring in root of apparatus of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, a kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, including rigid platfor 3, rigid platfor 3
On be fixed with the first cultivation babinet 1, rigid platfor 3, which is equipped with installation there are two the second of roller bearing 4, to cultivate babinet 2, is located at the
Two rigid platfors 3 for cultivating 2 lower part of babinet are equipped with scale 10.Described first cultivates the plant for being equipped in babinet 1 and carrying root system,
Root system of plant 7 stretches out the first cultivation babinet 1 part and is cased with special ring 5 and is equipped with pressure sensor 8, can stretch out three or
More, root system of plant 7 is based on the relatively advanced arbor of root system.The implantation of root system of plant 7 second is cultivated in babinet 2.Rigid platfor 3
It is upper that video camera 9 is equipped with by rigid support 6.
It is the transparent cabinet that glass or plastic cement are made that the first cultivation babinet 1, second, which cultivates babinet 2,.
The special ring 5 is made by PC makrolon, including four 1/4 annulus, each 1/4 annulus includes one
A face contacted with pressure sensor 8, four 1/4 annulus include four four faces contacted with pressure sensor 8：First contact
Face A, the second contact surface B, third contact surface C, the 4th contact surface D are connected by spring 11 between four 1/4 annulus.Institute
It is burnishing surface to state the first contact surface A, the second contact surface B, third contact surface C, the 4th contact surface D.A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism can
Depending on changing monitoring method, include the following steps：
1) rigid platfor 3, is fixedly mounted, rigid support 6 is connected on rigid platfor 3.
2) plant for, taking one plant of the plant with root system, cultivating in first cultivates babinet 1, and take it relatively flourishing
Object root system 7 stretches out first and cultivates babinet 1, and in 7 sets of upper special rings 5 of root system of plant, root system of plant 7 is then implanted into the second incubator
Body 2, second, which cultivates babinet 2, carries roller bearing 4, and the second cultivation babinet 2 can freely roll on rigid platfor 3.
3), fixed root system of plant 7 and second cultivates babinet 2, and 2 downside installation of babinet is cultivated in root growth direction, second
The scale 10 being fixed on rigid platfor 3 ensures that the second 2 edge of cultivation babinet is aligned with the zero graduation of scale 10.
4), in 6 video camera 9 installed above of rigid support, in Observe and measure certain period, root system is swollen in Root-development
Then swollen displacement is scaled the pressure changing of pressure sensor 8, and record the variation of time and pressure in real time.Tool
Formula (8) is shown in the calculating of body pressure and time.
Through the above steps complete the visual control of root system rock breaking mechanism and.
The size of special ring 5 is also corresponding with selected root system of plant size, and the root system studied as needed make special
The size of ring 5 processed；The coefficient of elasticity of spring 11 cultivates babinet 1, second with first and cultivates soil severe (F=λ h) in babinet 2
It is corresponded to.According to the expansive force that root growth generates, acted on itself soil gravitational at root system, resultant force breaks Rock And Soil
Bad effect.
The coefficient of elasticity K of the spring of special ring 5, to simulate soil pressure force effect of the root system in different somatomedins.Medium
The stress intensity of environment, is related to the simulation of primary stress, the deformation performance of medium itself, and influence of the surrounding medium to root system is main
It is related to its elasticity modulus, it is contemplated that different media in implementation process.Such as miscellaneous fill, loess, silt.The restraining force of spring
For：FBullet=(φ2-φ1)π·K。
The overall volume elasticity modulus ε of reaction plant tissue elasticity is normally defined：
Wherein P is overall turgescence, VsAlways to permeate the volume of water in tissue, ε values are bigger, illustrate that tissue is harder；Conversely,
Illustrate that the elasticity of cell wall is bigger.
To determine the size of elasticity modulus, above formula is converted, is had
V in above formulatFor saturation when the total moisture content organized, for most plants, due to ε ＞ ＞ P, in entire turgescence
In the range of positive value, the stereomutation of cell is seldom, therefore, can use the total content V that water is permeated when abundant turgescencesoTo substitute
Vs.Then formula (2) becomes
To plant cell, the molar concentration for permeating water is：
Wherein N be permeate water in solute total mole number, Vs be infiltration water total volume, herborization cytosol when
It waits, the molal quantity for permeating solute in water does not change, and then has：
Formula (1) is obtained with (4) simultaneous：
Or
Since to weak solution osmotic pressure π=cRT, above formula can also be write as：
Wherein R is ideal gas constant, value be 8.314J molK；T is Fahrenheit temperature.
To sum up：The bulbs of pressure are：
π/4 F=(φ2-φ1)2ε (π ≈ 3.14 herein) (8)
Wherein, φ 2 is the diameter in normal growth root growth；
φ 1 is the diameter after being grown under pressure sensor effect.
By taking cork oak plant as an example, it is 1cm or so that the growth of root system year, which increases,.Its elasticity modulus is calculated as 8.2MPa.Root
According to document material it is found that cork oak elasticity modulus range substantially 6.5-8.6MPa.
π/4 F=(φ2-φ1)2ε=π/4 × 1.0cm2× 8.2MPa=10-4m2×8.2×106Pa=820N
Embodiment 2：
A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, constraining the Rock And Soil effect of root system can be deposited with the form of force constraint
, it is also possible to the case where form of displacement constraint exists, and simulates in Practical Project, and Rock And Soil is not susceptible to apparent displacement；Displacement
When constraint, spring 11 can be changed to rigid bar, and the displacement of k-index in this direction expands, at this time the inside peace of special ring 5
Fill flat manometer, record expansive force changes with time relationship.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1）, be fixedly mounted rigid platfor（3）, rigid support（6）It is connected to rigid platfor（3）On；
2）, take one plant of the plant with root system, cultivate and cultivate babinet first（1）In, and the plant for taking it relatively flourishing
Root system（7）It stretches out first and cultivates babinet（1）, in root system of plant（7）Put on special ring（5）, then root system of plant（7）Implantation the
Two cultivate babinet（2）, second cultivates babinet（2）With roller bearing（4）, second cultivates babinet（2）It can be in rigid platfor（3）Upper freedom
It rolls；
3）, fixed root system of plant（7）Babinet is cultivated with second（2）, babinet is cultivated in root growth direction, second（2）Pacify downside
Dress is fixed on rigid platfor（3 ）On scale（10）, ensure that second cultivates babinet（2）Edge and scale（10）Zero graduation is aligned；
4）, in rigid support（6）Video camera installed above（9）, in Observe and measure certain period, root system is swollen in Root-development
Swollen displacement, is then scaled pressure sensor（8）Pressure changing, and record the variation of time and pressure in real time；
Root system rock breaking mechanism visual control is completed through the above steps.
2. a kind of root system rock breaking mechanism method for visually monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Constrain the rock of root system
Soil body effect can use the form of force constraint to exist, and also the form of displacement constraint can be used to exist, simulated in Practical Project, ground
Body is not susceptible to the case where apparent displacement；When displacement constraint, by spring（11）Rigid bar is replaced with, k-index is in the direction
On displacement expansion, special ring at this time（5）Inside flat manometer is installed, record expansive force changes with time relationship.
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| CN201410576512.2A CN104303882B (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism visual control device |
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| CN106768560B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-04-19 | 三峡大学 | A kind of device of the radial pressure of simulation rock crack and measurement root system in crack |
| CN109325245A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-12 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Root system of plant squeezes force prediction method and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1776357A (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2006-05-24 | 华南农业大学 | In-situ measuring method of plant root system geometry |
| CN101175397A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2008-05-07 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | Appraisement method for root depth property |
| CN202587942U (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-12-12 | 西安浐灞生态区管理委员会 | Double-purpose box for plant cultivation and root system penetration force experiments |
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| JPH09275782A (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Device for hydroponics |
| JP4294356B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2009-07-08 | 潤 古賀 | Underground observation instrument |
| CN202285650U (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-07-04 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Plant root space-time structure measuring device |
| CN102860227A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-09 | 福建农林大学 | Test device and method used for studying root phenotypic plasticity |
| CN102944475B (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-10-22 | 云南农业大学 | Soil-fixation mechanical in-situ determinator for crop root-soil complexes and applications thereof |
| CN103141320B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Automatic plant root system monitoring system |
| CN204146099U (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-11 | 三峡大学 | A kind of root system rock breaking mechanism visual control device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101175397A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2008-05-07 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | Appraisement method for root depth property |
| CN1776357A (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2006-05-24 | 华南农业大学 | In-situ measuring method of plant root system geometry |
| CN202587942U (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-12-12 | 西安浐灞生态区管理委员会 | Double-purpose box for plant cultivation and root system penetration force experiments |
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| CN105830847A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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