CN105825717B - A kind of spatial domain time interval resource optimizing distribution method based on uncertain due in - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of spatial domain time interval resource optimizing distribution method based on uncertain due in, belong to air traffic control field.This method builds spatial domain resource information platform first, obtain the air route operation information that flow is limited in spatial domain, downstream spatial domain unit available time slot information, flight operation information etc., formulate the decision in the face of risk principle of spatial domain distributing slot resources, using whole flight total delay loss reductions under certain confidence level as one of target, with minimum another target of average passenger's delay time at stop under certain confidence level, establish the constraints for meeting decision in the face of risk principle, randomness constraints therein is converted into corresponding certainty equivalence form, and then establish the Stochastic Optimization Model of spatial domain distributing slot resources, using mathematical software solving model, draw Noninferior Solution Set, the spatial domain time interval resource optimization allocation strategy collection formed under the conditions of uncertain due in, pass through spatial domain resource information platform, issue spatial domain time interval resource optimization allocation strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air traffic information data processing, and particularly relates to an airspace resource optimal allocation method for performing data processing by using a computer, which can be applied to airspace operation allocation and airspace and flow cooperative management.
Background
The air space time slot resource allocation generally opens up a limited number of temporary air routes according to the flight plan, the capacity limited air space and the available air space condition, and cooperatively configures the air space time slot resource, so that the air space is fully utilized, the air traffic diversion is realized, the air space congestion is relieved, and the delay of flight tasks is reduced. Foreign scholars and research institutions propose collaborative airway and airspace flow programs and other technologies. The collaborative airway sets a plurality of diversion routes according to the crowded condition of airspace, optimally schedules flights for diversion by taking the requirement of the preference of flight users as a target, and develops a collaborative airway resource allocation tool by American mott company; the space domain flow program establishes a space domain resource optimization distribution model by introducing a cooperative decision and taking various minimum delay losses in the air or the ground and the like as targets. The air traffic flow and capacity management concept proposed by European navigation safety organization is the integration of flow management strategies related to ground waiting, diversion and the like of airspace management, and the maximization of air traffic operation efficiency is realized by allocating airspace resources. A small amount of theoretical research reports can be found in domestic research, and students introduce corresponding operation cost by designing temporary routes such as dynamic routes, conditional routes and the like, so that a mathematical planning model for minimizing flight operation cost is established; and the scholars establish a 0-1 integer planning model for collaborative multi-route resource allocation, which minimizes flight delay cost and diversion cost, based on the coupling capacity of the route-related airspace unit.
Existing research is generally based on a determined flight arrival time, i.e. the flight arrival time is considered to be a determined value; however, certain uncertainty often exists in the flight process, and particularly, the uncertainty of flight time is increased under the conditions of airspace congestion, flight change and the like, so that certain difficulty is caused to airspace flow management and flight scheduling. Under the condition that the arrival time of the flight is uncertain, a reasonable space domain time slot resource allocation strategy is not only required for ensuring the operation stability of air traffic, but also is an important means for fully utilizing the space domain time slot resources. At present, an airspace time slot resource optimization allocation implementation method based on uncertain arrival time is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: according to the probability distribution of flight arrival time, aiming at the minimum total delay loss of all flights and the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level, establishing a random optimization model for allocating airspace time slot resources, reasonably allocating the airspace time slot resources, optimizing and allocating the flight flow distribution of a capacity-limited airspace, effectively coping with the flight uncertainty and ensuring the air traffic operation stability.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses an airspace time slot resource optimal allocation method based on uncertain arrival time, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, data acquisition: constructing an airspace resource information platform, acquiring planned airway and temporary airway capacity information in a flow-limited airspace, acquiring available time slot information of a downstream airspace unit of the planned airway, and acquiring flight operation information, including flight plans, machine types, probability distribution of flight arrival time and the like;
step 2, collecting airspace and flow manager decision preference by using the information platform constructed in the step 1 and the collected data, and establishing a risk decision principle of airspace time slot resource allocation, namely allowing an allocation strategy to be established at a certain confidence level, wherein the actual arrival time of the flight is not earlier than the planned arrival time under the certain confidence level;
step 3, according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2, establishing a target function by taking the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level as a target;
step 4, establishing a target function with the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level as a target according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2;
step 5, establishing constraint conditions according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle formulated in the step 2;
step 6, converting the constraint conditions established in the step 5 into corresponding deterministic equivalent forms;
step 7, according to the objective function established in the step 3 and the step 4 and the constraint conditions established in the step 5 and the step 6, establishing a random optimization model of airspace time slot resource allocation (the model is the combination of the objective function established in the step 3 and the step 4 and the constraint conditions established in the step 5 and the step 6, and the random optimization model is a mathematical programming model containing random variables in the objective function or the constraint conditions);
step 8, solving the random optimization model established in the step 7 by adopting mathematical software such as Lingo, matlab and the like to obtain a non-inferior solution set and form an airspace time slot resource optimization allocation strategy set under the condition of uncertain arrival time;
and 9, issuing a space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy through the space domain resource information platform constructed in the step 1, and adjusting the space domain time slot resources according to the space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy.
In step 3, the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level is used as a target to establish an objective function as follows:
wherein, c s (subscript s stands for "planned" in English scheduled, for scheduled air route) for the cost per unit time of delay of flight using the planned route, c t k (subscript t represents the word "temporary", english temporary, and temporary route temporary air route) represents the unit time delay cost of flight using temporary route K, K is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to K, K is the number of temporary routes, t j J is equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than J, J is the total number of time slots eta i s The estimated arrival time of the flight I is represented by a random variable, I is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to I, I is the total number of flights, x ij 、y ij k Is a decision variable, expressed as:
in step 4, the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level is used as a target to establish an objective function as follows:
wherein n is i Representing the number of passengers for flight i.
In step 5, the following constraints are established:
indicating that there is one and only one time slot and one route per flight;
indicating that each time slot can only be allocated at mostOne flight;
indicating that the actual arrival time at the flight selection planned route is at the confidence level alpha (0)<α&The time is not earlier than the scheduled arrival time;
indicating that the actual arrival time cannot be earlier than the sum of the estimated arrival time and the increased flight time for the route when the flight selects a temporary route, Δ i k The increased flight time for selecting temporary route k for flight i;
indicating that planned route traffic does not exceed planned route capacity, ca s Representing the capacity of the planned route;
indicating that temporary route traffic does not exceed temporary route capacity, ca t k Indicating the capacity of the temporary route k.
Step 6, converting the constraint conditions established in the step 5 into corresponding deterministic equivalent forms as follows:
t j ≥Φ -1 (alpha) isThe deterministic equivalent of the results of the above-described methods,
is composed ofThe deterministic equivalent of the results of the above-described methods,
where Φ denotes the forecast for flight iArrival time eta i s Probability distribution function of moment.
Has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the following technical effects: the method has the advantages that the secondary delay risk caused by flight arriving earlier than the scheduled arriving time is effectively controlled, the airspace time slot resources are optimally distributed, the efficiency and the fairness are considered, the risk decision requirement of the airspace time slot resource distribution under the uncertain condition is met, the stability of air traffic operation is guaranteed, a better optimization effect is obtained compared with a first-come first-serve strategy, an implementation method is provided for the optimal distribution of the airspace time slot resources under the uncertain condition of flight operation, and a technical basis is provided for regional airway flow management and airspace and flow cooperative management.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Pareto optimal solution set of an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a probability that the flight is not earlier than the planned arrival time of the selected corresponding route in each Pareto optimal solution of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows the target optima for different confidence levels for the examples.
Detailed Description
The flight is influenced by factors such as flight requirements, weather, human factors, aircraft performance and the like in the flight process, and the moment and flight time of arriving at an airway key point or an airspace unit boundary point have certain uncertainty. When the capacity of a planned air route is reduced due to the influence of factors such as dangerous weather, the air traffic flow can be limited, and the establishment of a temporary air route and the realization of reasonable distribution are important means for effectively relieving the airspace congestion. The uncertainty of flight is fully considered in the process of allocating the airspace time slot resources, the decision risk is controlled, the airspace time slot resource waste or air delay caused by the uncertainty of flight is reduced, the airspace time slot resources are optimized and utilized while the air traffic operation stability is guaranteed, and the flight delay is reduced as much as possible.
The invention discloses an airspace time slot resource optimal allocation method based on uncertain arrival time, the flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing an airspace resource information platform, acquiring planned airway and temporary airway capacity information in a flow-limited airspace, acquiring available time slot information of a downstream airspace unit of the planned airway, and acquiring flight operation information, including flight plans, machine types, probability distribution of flight arrival time and the like;
step 2: collecting the decision preference of an airspace and flow manager by using the information platform constructed in the step 1, and establishing a risk decision principle of airspace time slot resource allocation, namely allowing an allocation strategy to be established at a certain confidence level, wherein the actual arrival time of a flight is not earlier than the planned arrival time under the certain confidence level;
and 3, step 3: according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2, establishing an objective function by taking the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level as a target;
and 4, step 4: according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2, establishing an objective function by taking the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level as a target;
and 5: establishing a constraint condition according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision principle established in the step 2;
step 6: converting the randomness constraint conditions established in the step 5 into corresponding deterministic equivalence;
and 7: establishing a random optimization model of space domain time slot resource allocation according to the objective function established in the step 3 and the step 4 and the constraint conditions established in the step 5 and the step 6;
and 8: solving the random optimization model established in the step 7 by adopting mathematical software such as Lingo, matlab and the like to obtain a non-inferior solution set, and forming an airspace time slot resource optimization allocation strategy set under the condition of uncertain arrival time;
and step 9: and (2) issuing a space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy through the space domain resource information platform constructed in the step (1), and adjusting the space domain time slot resources according to the space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy.
In step 3, the objective function is established by taking the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level as a target:
wherein, c s Representing the cost per unit time delayed of flight using the planned route, c t k The unit time delay cost of the flight using the temporary routes K (K is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to K, and K is the number of the temporary routes) is represented, t j (J is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to J, and J is the total number of the time slots) is the starting time of any time slot and represents the time slot eta i s Represents the estimated arrival time of flight I (I is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to I, and I is the total number of flights), is a random variable, and x ij 、y ij k Is a decision variable, expressed as:
in step 4, the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level is used as a target to establish an objective function as follows:
wherein n is i Representing the number of passengers for flight i.
In step 5, the following constraints are established:
indicating that there is one and only one time slot and one route per flight;
indicating that each time slot can be allocated to only one flight at most;
indicating that the actual arrival time of the flight selection planning route is not earlier than the planned arrival time under the confidence level alpha;
indicating that the actual arrival time cannot be earlier than the sum of the estimated arrival time and the increased flight time for a temporary flight path when the flight selects that path, Δ i k The increased flight time for selecting temporary route k for flight i;
indicating that planned route traffic does not exceed planned route capacity, ca s Representing the capacity of the planned route;
indicating that temporary airway traffic does not exceed temporary airway capacity, ca t k Indicating the capacity of the temporary route k.
Step 6, converting the randomness constraint condition established in the step 5 into a deterministic equivalent form:
t j ≥Φ -1 (α),1≤i≤I,1≤j≤J，
the above formula isA deterministic equivalent;
the above formula isDeterministic equivalent, where Φ denotes the estimated arrival time eta of flight i i s Is determined.
Examples
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Taking simulation operation data of a certain route of a civil aviation as an example, the capacity of the route is reduced when the route is influenced by dangerous weather 12-14 at a certain day, two temporary routes are divided by an air traffic control unit where the route is located, and the capacity, delay cost and turning point number information of each route are provided with experience values or set values by related air traffic control units as shown in table 1, wherein the delay cost refers to the delay cost of a light-weight machine in the corresponding route, and the delay cost of a medium-weight machine and the delay cost of a heavy-weight machine are respectively 2 times and 4 times of the delay cost of the light-weight machine; the flight time of the planned route is set to be 20 minutes, and the flight time of the temporary route 1 and the flight time of the temporary route 2 are respectively increased by 5% and 15% compared with the planned route. The estimated arrival time is set to accord with normal distribution, and flight operation information is shown in a table 2; the capacity of the downstream airspace unit of the planned airway is 15 frames/hour, and the time slot length is 4 minutes.
TABLE 1 course operation information
TABLE 2 flight operations information
The confidence level value range is (0, 1), and in practice, the value is generally greater than 0.5 in order to ensure the effectiveness of the space domain time slot resource allocation strategy. In the embodiment, any value of 0.8 is selected, and the validity of the method is checked, namely the probability that the actual arrival time of the flight is not earlier than the planned arrival time is required to be not lower than 0.8, so that the stability of flight operation is ensured with higher probability, the adjustment of the flight time in the actual operation process of the flight is reduced, and possible secondary delay is reduced. By operating the method of the invention, a non-inferior solution set is obtained, as shown in fig. 2, a space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy set under the condition of uncertain arrival time is formed, and detailed data are shown in tables 3-7.
TABLE 3 space domain time slot resource allocation strategy
Table 4 space domain time slot resource allocation strategy (continuation 1)
TABLE 5 space domain time slot resource allocation strategy (continuation 2)
TABLE 6 space domain time slot resource allocation strategy (continuation 3)
TABLE 7 space domain time slot resource allocation strategy (continuation 4)
Under the airspace time slot resource optimal allocation strategy obtained according to the method of the invention, the probability that each flight is not earlier than the scheduled arrival time of the selected corresponding airway is shown in fig. 3 and is not lower than the set confidence level, the risk decision requirement of the airspace time slot resource allocation under the uncertain condition is met, the occurrence probability of secondary delay caused by the flight being earlier than the scheduled arrival time is effectively controlled, the stability of air traffic operation is ensured, the efficiency and fairness are considered simultaneously, various airspace time slot resource optimal allocation strategies are formed, and sufficient decision space is provided for airspace collaborative operation management. The average value of the total flight delay loss of each strategy obtained by the method is 81744.07 yuan, and the average value of the passenger delay time is 13.93 minutes; adopting a first-come first-serve strategy, wherein under the same confidence level, the total flight delay loss is 133010 yuan, and the average passenger delay time is 23.73 minutes; compared with a first-come first-serve strategy, the method reduces the total flight delay loss and the average passenger delay time by 38.54 percent and 41.3 percent respectively, and has obvious optimization effect. To clarify the effect of the confidence level on the spatial domain timeslot resource allocation, the method is run at confidence levels of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9, respectively, and the target optimal values are calculated, as shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the optimal value of each target increases with the increase of the confidence level, which indicates that the cost of controlling the flight secondary delay risk and guaranteeing the air traffic operation stability is a certain loss of operation efficiency. The modeling process is simple, convenient and easy to implement, is easy to solve and realize, and is suitable for developing a tool of a space domain management or air traffic flow management cooperative decision system.
The present invention provides a method for optimally allocating airspace time slot resources based on uncertain arrival time, and a plurality of methods and approaches for implementing the technical scheme, where the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements may be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (1)
1. An airspace time slot resource optimal allocation method based on uncertain arrival time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, data acquisition: acquiring planned route and temporary route capacity information in a flow-limited airspace, acquiring available time slot information of a downstream airspace unit of the planned route, and acquiring flight operation information;
step 2, collecting the decision preference of an airspace and flow manager by using the data collected in the step 1, and establishing a risk decision principle of airspace time slot resource allocation, namely allowing an allocation strategy to be established at a certain confidence level, wherein the actual arrival time of the flight is not earlier than the planned arrival time under the certain confidence level;
step 3, according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2, establishing an objective function by taking the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level as a target;
step 4, establishing a target function with the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level as a target according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle established in the step 2;
step 5, establishing constraint conditions according to the airspace time slot resource allocation risk decision-making principle formulated in the step 2;
step 6, converting the constraint conditions established in the step 5 into corresponding deterministic equivalent forms;
step 7, establishing a random optimization model of airspace time slot resource allocation according to the target function established in the step 3 and the step 4 and the constraint conditions established in the step 5 and the step 6;
step 8, solving the random optimization model established in the step 7 to obtain a non-inferior solution set and form a space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy set under the condition of uncertain arrival time;
step 9, adjusting the space domain time slot resources according to the space domain time slot resource optimization allocation strategy;
in step 3, the objective function is established by taking the minimum total delay loss of all flights under a certain confidence level as a target:
wherein, c s Representing the cost per unit time delayed of flight using the planned route, c t k The unit time delay cost of the flight using the temporary route K is shown, K is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to K, K is the number of the temporary routes, t j J is equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than J, J is the total number of time slots eta i s The estimated arrival time of the flight I is represented by a random variable, I is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to I, I is the total number of flights, x ij 、y ij k Is a decision variable, expressed as:
in step 4, the minimum average passenger delay time under a certain confidence level is used as a target to establish an objective function as follows:
wherein n is i Representing the number of passengers carried by flight i;
in step 5, the following constraints are established:
indicating that there is one and only one time slot and one route per flight;
indicating that each time slot can be allocated to only one flight at most;
indicating that the actual arrival time of the flight selecting the planned route is not earlier than the planned arrival time under the confidence level alpha;
indicating that the actual arrival time cannot be earlier than the sum of the predicted arrival time and the increased flight time for the route when the flight selects a temporary route, Δ i k The increased flight time of the temporary route k is selected for the flight i;
indicating that planned route traffic does not exceed planned route capacity, ca s Representing the capacity of the planned route;
indicating that temporary route traffic does not exceed temporary route capacity, ca t k Indicating the capacity of the temporary route k;
step 6, converting the constraint conditions established in the step 5 into corresponding deterministic equivalent forms as follows:
t j ≥Φ -1 (α) isThe deterministic equivalent of the results of the above-described methods,
is composed ofThe definite equivalent of the above-mentioned compounds,
where Φ denotes the estimated arrival time eta of flight i i s A probability distribution function of (a).
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