CN1058203C - Method and device for sorting three products by using double-density layer air heavy medium fluidized bed - Google Patents
Method and device for sorting three products by using double-density layer air heavy medium fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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本发明涉及一种机械分离装置,尤其是一种用流态化理论对固体颗粒物体进行干法分选处理的装置。The invention relates to a mechanical separation device, in particular to a device for dry separation of solid particle objects using fluidization theory.
在现有技术里,对固体的分级或将固体从固体中分离出来的方法很多,有筛分或液体分选或气流分选等方法,但传统的方法是以水作为介质的湿法分选,这种方法耗水量大,且其排放的污水易造成严重的环境污染。对于干旱缺水地区物料的分选造成极大的困难;对于严寒地区及遇水易泥化的煤炭分选也造成困难。In the prior art, there are many methods for classifying solids or separating solids from solids, such as screening or liquid separation or airflow separation, but the traditional method is wet separation with water as the medium , this method consumes a lot of water, and the sewage it discharges is likely to cause serious environmental pollution. It is very difficult for the sorting of materials in arid and water-deficient areas; it is also difficult for the sorting of coal in severe cold areas and water that is easy to muddy.
近年来出现了一种新型的干法分选方法及设备一空气重介流化床选煤方法及其装置,美国专利第5,392,922号和中国专利号为92111310.6的大型空气重介流化床干法分选装置,这些现有的空气重介流化床分选方法及转置都是针对两种产品提出的,在同一流化床分选槽中只能形成单一的分选密度,因而一台分选机同时只能产生两种含不同灰分质量的煤炭产品。当需要选出三种不同质量的产品时,必须由两台现行的空气重介流化床分选机串联进行主再选,这不仅会使基建和设备投资及人员管理费用增加,而且其工艺流程复杂,特别是加重质的准备和回收存在困难。In recent years, a new type of dry separation method and equipment—air dense medium fluidized bed coal preparation method and its device, US Patent No. 5,392,922 and Chinese Patent No. 92111310.6 large air dense medium fluidized bed dry method Sorting device, these existing air dense medium fluidized bed sorting methods and transposition are proposed for two kinds of products, only a single sorting density can be formed in the same fluidized bed sorting tank, so one The separator can only produce two kinds of coal products with different ash quality at the same time. When it is necessary to select three products of different quality, two existing air-dense medium fluidized bed separators must be connected in series for main reselection, which will not only increase capital construction and equipment investment and personnel management costs, but also the process The process is complex, especially the preparation and recovery of aggravated quality are difficult.
因为考虑到整个系统流程的简化和工艺上的可行性,主再选加重质应选用与被选物料分离时具有同一分离原理的物质,当被选物料经前段流化床分选槽主选后必定会有一定量的主选加重质,即使在主再选分选机之间加装脱介设备也难以脱净这部分加重质粒子,混入再选槽中的主选加重质的量很难控制,这将造成(1)再选槽中的床层密度和分选密度无法稳定在设定值上;(2)再选与主选的加重质粒子无法做到完全分离,从而给再选加重质粒子的循环使用造成困难,(3)当再选槽中的主选加重质粒子混有一定量时,其流化状态将恶化,分选特征变差。因此,现行的空气重介流化床分选技术即使排除了经济上的原因,也难于实现连续性三产品分选。Considering the simplification of the entire system process and the feasibility of the process, the main re-selection aggravating material should use the material that has the same separation principle as the selected material. There must be a certain amount of aggravated particles in the primary selection, even if a de-intermediation device is installed between the main re-selection and sorting machines, it is difficult to remove this part of aggravated particles, and the amount of aggravated particles mixed into the re-selection tank is difficult to control , which will cause (1) the bed density and sorting density in the re-selection tank cannot be stabilized on the set value; (3) When there is a certain amount of heavy particles mixed in the re-selection tank, the fluidization state will deteriorate and the separation characteristics will deteriorate. Therefore, even if the current air-dense medium fluidized bed separation technology excludes economic reasons, it is difficult to achieve continuous three-product separation.
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术的不足之处,而提供一种适用于三产品分选的新型干式流化床分选方法及装置,它可以在同一流化床分选槽中同时形成两个均匀稳态且满足一定工艺要求的流化床分选带;一台分选机可同时产生三种不同质量的产品,从而有效地节省投资、简化工艺流程和改善设备管理,并可实现高效、经济的连续性工业化生产。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a novel dry fluidized bed sorting method and device suitable for three-product sorting, which can be used in the same fluidized bed sorting tank At the same time, two uniform and stable fluidized bed sorting belts that meet certain process requirements are formed; one sorting machine can produce three kinds of products with different qualities at the same time, thus effectively saving investment, simplifying the process flow and improving equipment management, and Efficient and economical continuous industrial production can be realized.
本发明的任务是以如下方式来实施的:它是通过采用特殊结构的流化床壳体、介质补充装置、布风装置以及用合理的加重质种类以及加重质的密度和粒度按一定的范围匹配等来实现的;一种用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选的装置,它可以在同一流化床分选槽中同时形成两个均匀稳态,且满足选煤工艺要求的分选带。其中,上部流化床为低密度分选带,下部流化床为高密度分选带,它包括流化床壳体,其下底依次连接有分布器、预分布器、输气管;设定轻产物的流动方向为流化床分选的长度方向,沿流化床分选机长度方向两侧分别设置有入选物料及介质入料口、轻产物排料口,在轻产物排料口内侧设有轻产物排料拨轮;沿流化床分选机宽度方向设有刮板输送机,在其两端头分别设置有中间产物排料口和重产物排料口,刮板输送机沿与轻产物排料运动方向相垂直的方向运动;在左侧的中间产物排料口的刮板输送机的上刮板下方安装有具有一定倾角的中间产物排料筛板,在右侧重产物排料口的下刮板下安装有具有一定角度的重产物排料筛板;a.流化床壳体是由上大下小的两个直筒段、中间连接一个锥形段组成的组合形壳体;b.刮板输送机的上部及下部刮板分别埋入分选室的流化床层中部及底部。所述的流化床壳体的中间锥形过渡段壳体的锥形斜面倾角为60°~80°之间。所述的入选物料及轻介质入料口下方两侧设置有减少物料错配的防污染网,在重产物料排料口一侧刮板输送机的上刮板和下刮板之间也设置有减少物料错配的防污染网。所述的入选物料及介质入料口是由上层为入选物料及轻介质入料口及其下部的重介质入料口组成的,两者之间通过隔板分隔开,低密度分选带的补充加重质及高密度分选带的补充加重介可分别由各自的入料口及送达各自的分选带上。The task of the present invention is implemented in the following way: it is by adopting the fluidized bed shell of special structure, medium replenishment device, air distribution device and using reasonable weighting material type and density and granularity of weighting material according to a certain range It is realized by matching, etc.; a device for three-product separation using a double-density air-dense medium fluidized bed, which can simultaneously form two uniform and steady states in the same fluidized bed separation tank, and meets the requirements of the coal preparation process. Sorting belt required. Among them, the upper fluidized bed is a low-density separation belt, and the lower fluidized bed is a high-density separation belt, which includes a fluidized bed shell, and its lower bottom is connected with a distributor, a pre-distributor, and a gas pipeline in sequence; set The flow direction of the light products is the length direction of the fluidized bed sorting machine, and the two sides along the length direction of the fluidized bed sorter are respectively provided with the inlets for the selected materials and medium, and the discharge ports for the light products. A light product discharge dial is provided; a scraper conveyor is provided along the width direction of the fluidized bed separator, and intermediate product discharge ports and heavy product discharge ports are respectively provided at both ends of the fluidized bed separator. Movement in the direction perpendicular to the light product discharge movement direction; an intermediate product discharge sieve plate with a certain inclination is installed under the upper scraper of the scraper conveyor at the left intermediate product discharge port, and a heavy product discharge screen on the right A heavy product discharge sieve plate with a certain angle is installed under the lower scraper of the discharge port; a. The shell of the fluidized bed is composed of two straight sections with a large upper part and a smaller one at the lower part, and a conical section connected in the middle. Shell; b. The upper and lower scrapers of the scraper conveyor are respectively buried in the middle and bottom of the fluidized bed of the sorting chamber. The inclination angle of the conical slope of the middle conical transition section shell of the fluidized bed shell is between 60° and 80°. There are anti-pollution nets on both sides below the inlet for the selected materials and light medium to reduce material mismatch, and between the upper scraper and the lower scraper of the scraper conveyor on the side of the discharge outlet for heavy products. There is an anti-pollution net to reduce material mismatch. The inlet for the selected material and medium is composed of the inlet for the selected material and light medium on the upper layer and the inlet for heavy medium at the lower part. The two are separated by a partition, and the low-density separation belt The supplementary weighting medium of the high-density sorting belt and the supplementary weighting medium of the high-density sorting belt can be delivered to the respective sorting belts from their respective feeding ports.
所述的入选物料及介质入料口是由上层为入选物料及轻介质入料口及其下部的重介质入料口组成的,两者之间通过隔板分隔开,低密度分选带的补充加重质及高密度分选带的补充加重介可分别由各自的入料口及送达各自的分选带上。The inlet for the selected material and medium is composed of the inlet for the selected material and light medium on the upper layer and the inlet for heavy medium at the lower part. The two are separated by a partition, and the low-density separation belt The supplementary weighting medium of the high-density sorting belt and the supplementary weighting medium of the high-density sorting belt can be delivered to the respective sorting belts from their respective feeding ports.
一种用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选的方法,a.将压缩空气均匀地输入流化床壳体中,同时开动刮板输送机,将按一定的粒度比和密度比范围匹配的两种不同介质中的高密度加重质从重介质入料口加入到刮板输送机下刮板上,直至其达到上刮板的高度时,从轻介质入料口加入低密度加重质到上刮板上直至达到工艺要求高度,即可在床体中形成稳定的双密度层流化床;b.开动轻产物排料拨轮,从入料口加入被选物料,使其在双密度层流化床中按其密度大小分成轻产物、中间产物和重产物三种产品,三种产品中的轻产物经排料口溢流排出,中间产物、重产物分别由全部埋入流化床层中的刮板输送机强制从中间产物排料口和重产物排料口排出,轻产物的料流方向与中间产物和重产物的料流方向相垂直;c.随轻产物和重产物夹带出的加重质,可相应作为低密度和高密度分选带的循环加重质由床层上部和下部分别加入流化床,使流化床达到分离与混合的动态平衡,以实现高处理量的三产品连续分选。所述的加入流化床中的高密度加重质与低密度加重质的粒度比范围为1.5~3.0。所述的加入流化床中的高密度加重质与低密度加重质的密度比范围为1.2~1.8。A method for three-product separation using a double-density layer air-dense medium fluidized bed, a. The compressed air is evenly input into the fluidized bed shell, and the scraper conveyor is started at the same time, and the product will be separated according to a certain particle size ratio and density. The high-density aggravated matter in two different media matching the ratio range is added to the lower scraper of the scraper conveyor from the heavy-medium inlet until it reaches the height of the upper scraper, and the low-density aggravated substance is added from the light-medium inlet Stable double-density layer fluidized bed can be formed in the bed until it reaches the height required by the process; b. Start the light product discharge dial, and add the selected material from the inlet to make it The double-density layer fluidized bed is divided into light products, intermediate products and heavy products according to their density. The light products of the three products are discharged through the overflow of the discharge port, and the intermediate products and heavy products are respectively buried in the flow stream. The scraper conveyor in the bed layer is forced to discharge from the discharge port of the intermediate product and the discharge port of the heavy product, and the flow direction of the light product is perpendicular to the flow direction of the intermediate product and the heavy product; c. The weighted matter entrained by the product can be used as the circulating weighted matter of the low-density and high-density sorting belts respectively into the fluidized bed from the upper and lower parts of the bed, so that the fluidized bed can achieve a dynamic balance of separation and mixing to achieve high treatment efficiency. Quantities of three-product continuous sorting. The particle size ratio of the high-density weighted matter and the low-density weighted matter added to the fluidized bed ranges from 1.5 to 3.0. The density ratio of the high-density weighted mass and the low-density heavy mass added to the fluidized bed ranges from 1.2 to 1.8.
本发明与现有技术比较具有如下优点:本发明可实现连续性的三产品干法分选,即用一台分选机可同时产生轻产物、中间产物和重产物三种不同质量的产品,它还具有分选精度高,单位面积处理能力大,占地面积小,基建投资和生产成本低等特点。同时还可对煤炭有效地进行脱硫降灰,且无需水资源,无环境污染,其结构简单,工艺方法易于操作,易于工业性推广应用。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention can realize continuous three-product dry separation, that is, a single sorting machine can simultaneously produce three different quality products of light product, intermediate product and heavy product, It also has the characteristics of high sorting accuracy, large processing capacity per unit area, small footprint, low infrastructure investment and production costs. At the same time, it can also effectively desulfurize and reduce ash on coal, and does not require water resources, has no environmental pollution, has a simple structure, and is easy to operate and industrially popularize and apply.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1是本发明的结构主视图。Fig. 1 is a structural front view of the present invention.
图2是本发明的结构侧视图。Fig. 2 is a side view of the structure of the present invention.
下面将结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的详细描述:Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
本发明用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选的装置,如图所示,它包括流化床壳体9是由上大下小的两个直筒段和中间连接一个锥形过渡段组成的组合型壳体,流化床壳体9内为分选室12,流化床壳体9下底部依次连接有分布器6、多个预分布器5和多个与预分布器5连接的输气管7;轻产物的料流方向设定为分选机的长度方向,在沿流化床内宽度方向设置有刮板输送机1,并通过多个导向压轮4固定,沿流化床壳体9的宽度方向的锥形段上部对应两侧分别设有中间产物排料口2及重产物排料口15,并分别设置具有一定倾角的防污染网16及17和重产物排料筛板8及中间产物排料筛板3;沿流化床壳体9的长度方向的上部直筒段对应两侧各设有轻产物排料口10及入选物料、轻介质入料口13和在其下部的重介质入料口14,重介质入料口14与入选物料及轻介质入料口13是通过隔板分隔开。在轻产物排料口10的内侧设有轻产物排料拨轮11,通过它将轻物料经轻产物排料口10溢流排出。入选物料及低密度分选带的循环和补充加重质由入料口13送入流化床层的一侧,高密度分选带的循环和补充加重质由入料口14加至床层底部,入选物料在分选室12中按密度大小分层,分成轻产物、中间产物及重产物,漂浮在床层表面的轻产物沿分选带12沿流化床分选机长度方向运动至另一侧,经轻产物排料拨轮11至排料口10溢流排出,重产物及中间层的中间产物分别由沿流化床分选机宽度方向设置的刮板输送机1经重产物排料口15及中间产物排料口2排出。在流化床层的上部设置的防污染网16,是为避免入选物料未经分选就被刮板输送机1拖带至中间物料排料口2排出或在重物料排料口15被夹带至床层内部;同样,位于床层中部的中间产物防污染网17是为了防止入选物料在进入高密度分选区之前被刮板输送机1拖带至重产物排料口15排出;设置在流化床中的中间产物排料筛板3和重产物排料筛板8是为了在产品排出过程中尽量减少产品排出装置对流化状态和分选特性的影响,同时可减少产品排出中的加重质夹带。The present invention uses a double-density layer air-dense medium fluidized bed to carry out the device for three-product sorting. As shown in the figure, it includes a fluidized bed shell 9 which is composed of two straight cylinder sections with a large upper part and a smaller lower part and a conical section connected in the middle. The combined shell composed of the transition section, the fluidized bed shell 9 is a sorting chamber 12, and the lower bottom of the fluidized bed shell 9 is sequentially connected with a
由于本发明的流化床结构为上大下小两个不同截面尺寸的直筒段之间连接一个锥形过渡段壳体的组合型壳体,在这种特殊床型结构的流化床中,因为下部直筒段的截面尺寸比上部直筒的小,所以在同一流量下,下部直筒段的表观气速要比上部直筒段的大,这就保证了下部直筒段中以高密度、大粒度为主导的加重质粒子在较高气速下,上部直筒段中以低密度、小粒度为主导的加重质粒子在较低气速下同时得到均匀流化。另外,在锥形段中,气速沿床高逐渐减小,颗粒的受力使得加重质粒子在锥形段中按密度或粒度自动分离,粒子的分离趋势在锥形段中得到了强化,因此这种特殊床型结构的流化床利于连续稳定的三产品分选。Since the fluidized bed structure of the present invention is a combined shell in which a conical transition section shell is connected between two straight tube sections with different cross-sectional sizes, the upper one and the lower one are small, in the fluidized bed of this special bed structure, Because the cross-sectional size of the lower straight barrel is smaller than that of the upper straight barrel, the superficial gas velocity of the lower straight barrel is larger than that of the upper straight barrel at the same flow rate, which ensures that the lower straight barrel has high density and large particle size. The dominant weighted particles are at a higher gas velocity, and the weighted particles with low density and small particle size in the upper straight section are uniformly fluidized at a lower gas velocity at the same time. In addition, in the conical section, the gas velocity gradually decreases along the bed height, and the force on the particles makes the aggravated particles automatically separate in the conical section according to density or particle size, and the separation tendency of the particles is strengthened in the conical section. Therefore, the fluidized bed with this special bed structure is conducive to continuous and stable three-product separation.
本发明用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选的方法,在用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选装置的流化床壳体9中均匀地通入压缩空气,开动刮板输送机1,按高密度与低密度加重质的粒度比为1.5~3.0、其密度比为1.2~1.8范围匹配的两种不同介质中的高密度加重质从重介质入料口14加入到刮板输送机1下刮板上,直至其达到至上刮板的高度时,从轻介质入料口13加入低密度重介质至达到工艺要求高度,即能在分选室12中形成稳定的双密度层流化床,开动轻产物排料拨轮11,从入料口13加入被选物料,使其在双密度层流化床中按其密度大小分成轻产物、中间产物和重产物三种产品。漂浮在床层表面的轻产物沿流化床分选机的长度方向移动至另一侧,经轻产物排料拨轮11至排料口10溢流排出,中间层的中间产物及底部的重产物由沿流化床分选机宽度方向设置的刮板输送机1经中间产物排料口2及重产物排料口15排出,轻产物的料流方向与中间产物和重产物料流方向相垂直;随轻产物和重产物夹带出的加重质,可相应作为低密度和高密度分选带的循环加重质由床层上部和下部分别加入各自的流化床层,使流化床能稳定地保持达到分离与混合的动态平衡,从而可以实现高处理量的三产品连续分选。The present invention carries out the method for three-product sorting with double density layer air dense medium fluidized bed, in the fluidized bed housing 9 that carries out three product sorting device with double density layer air dense medium fluidized bed, evenly feeds compressed Air, start the scraper conveyor 1, and the high-density weighted matter in two different media matched according to the particle size ratio of high-density and low-density weighted matter is 1.5-3.0, and the density ratio is 1.2-1.8 from the heavy medium inlet 14 is added to the lower scraper of the scraper conveyor 1 until it reaches the height of the upper scraper, then the low-density heavy medium is added from the light medium inlet 13 until the height required by the process is reached, and then it can be formed in the sorting chamber 12. Stable double-density layer fluidized bed, start the light product discharge dial 11, add the selected material from the feed port 13, make it be divided into light product, intermediate product and heavy product according to its density in the double-density layer fluidized bed Product Three products. The light products floating on the surface of the bed move to the other side along the length direction of the fluidized bed separator, and are discharged through the discharge dial 11 of the light products to the discharge port 10. The intermediate products in the middle layer and the heavy products in the bottom The product is discharged from the scraper conveyor 1 arranged along the width direction of the fluidized bed separator through the intermediate
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WO2012041008A1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | Zhao Fuhe | Three-product sealed spiral dense medium separator |
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CN101444778B (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2012-09-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Dry method cull eliminator and application thereof |
CZ302665B6 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2011-08-24 | Novopol A.S. | Sorting method and apparatus for making the same |
CN102974543B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2018-07-03 | 孙刚 | A kind of Dense-medium dry separation equipment |
CN104043519A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-17 | 孙玉平 | Internal-lift-type conical heavy medium separator |
CN105214956B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-06-30 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of dense gas solidization bed dry separation system and technique |
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CN110293056A (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-10-01 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of gas-solid fluidized bed dry separation technique using separating density gradient |
CN110479473B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2024-10-22 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Fluid uniform distribution device of fluidization separation equipment |
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