CN105800414B - A kind of elevator car safety - Google Patents
A kind of elevator car safety Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105800414B CN105800414B CN201610286587.6A CN201610286587A CN105800414B CN 105800414 B CN105800414 B CN 105800414B CN 201610286587 A CN201610286587 A CN 201610286587A CN 105800414 B CN105800414 B CN 105800414B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- elevator
- transmission connection
- upper bracket
- connection piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/08—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for preventing overwinding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/12—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions in case of rope or cable slack
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of elevator car safety, it is therefore intended that further increases elevator safety.The elevator car safety includes being used for the transmission connection piece being connected with elevator drawstring, the spring, spring lower carriage, the spring upper bracket being connected with lift car, the brake support rack for car being connected, the brake assemblies that are arranged on transmission connection piece, through hole is provided with spring upper bracket, transmission connection piece can move through the through hole on spring upper bracket and transmission connection piece relative to spring upper bracket, the lower end of transmission connection piece is connected with spring lower carriage, and spring is arranged between spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket.The present invention provides a kind of security higher elevator car safety, and it can effectively prevent elevator and the generation of accident such as fall, rushes to summit.The present invention is reasonable in design, simple in construction, is easily installed and safeguards, good reliability, can effectively ensure that the safe for operation of elevator, application prospect is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lift facility field, specially a kind of elevator car safety.
Background technology
In order to ensure the safe operation of elevator, elevator is typically fitted with elevator safety gear.Elevator safety gear is in limiter of speed
Manipulation under, when elevator speed exceed elevator governor setting limitation speed, or suspension strop occur fracture and relaxation when, electricity
Terraced safety tongs can be by the urgent stop of car, and is clamped on guide rail.
Existing safety tongs is invented by the Otis in the U.S., and is used till today, and it causes elevator safety to be improved.It is existing
Some safety tongs are divided into one-way safety pincers and bidirectional safety tongs, it is domestic mainly clamped at present with one-way safety based on.
Therefore, the present invention provides a new safety device, further to improve the security of elevator.
The content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is, there is provided a kind of elevator car safety, further to improve the security of elevator.This
Invention provides a kind of security higher elevator car safety, its can effectively prevent elevator fall, the hair of accident of rushing to summit etc.
It is raw.The present invention is reasonable in design, simple in construction, is easily installed and safeguards, good reliability, can effectively ensure that the operation peace of elevator
Entirely, there is preferable application prospect.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of elevator car safety, it is characterised in that including the transmission connection piece for being connected with elevator drawstring, be arranged on
Spring, spring lower carriage on transmission connection piece, the spring upper bracket being connected with lift car, the braking for being connected with car
Support frame, brake assemblies, are provided with through hole on the spring upper bracket, and the transmission connection piece is through logical on spring upper bracket
Hole and transmission connection piece can relative spring upper bracket movement, the lower end of the transmission connection piece is connected with spring lower carriage, described
Spring is arranged between spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket and spring lower carriage, spring upper bracket can be mutual with spring respectively
Effect;
The sliding block and sliding block that the brake assemblies include the guide rail perpendicular with car traffic direction, are engaged with guide rail
Connected brake component, connecting rod, the guide rail are connected with brake support rack, the both ends of the connecting rod respectively with transmission connection piece, cunning
Block is flexibly connected and connecting rod can the opposite rail movement of band movable slider(I.e. the both ends of connecting rod are cut with scissors with transmission connection piece, sliding block respectively
Connect);
The brake support rack is two groups and brake support rack is symmetrical arranged centered on transmission connection piece, the braking group
Part is four groups, and two groups of brake assemblies are symmetricly set on same brake support rack in opposite directions.
Two groups of supporting plates are provided with the brake support rack, the guide rail is connected with supporting plate.
The transmission connection piece includes wirerope connector, central block, and the wirerope connector is connected with the upper end of central block,
The spring lower carriage is connected with the lower end of central block.
Also include the linear bearing being arranged on spring upper bracket, the spring lower carriage passes through on linear bearing and spring
Support is formed and is slidably connected.
The connecting rod is flexibly connected with central block and connecting rod can rotate relative to central block, i.e., connecting rod is hinged with central block.
The upper end of the wirerope connector is provided with wirerope connecting hole.
Claw is provided with the brake component.
The section of the brake component vertically is L-shaped.
The section of the brake component in the horizontal direction is in Qian type or c-type.
Including the cross bar being engaged with brake assemblies.
The cross bar is arranged on elevator hoistways.
Also include the safe mounting attachment being arranged in elevator hoistways side wall, the cross bar being arranged on safe mounting attachment, it is described
The traffic direction of cross bar and elevator is perpendicular.
For foregoing problems, the present invention provides a kind of elevator car safety.The safety device includes being used for and elevator drawstring
Connected transmission connection piece, the spring being arranged on transmission connection piece, spring lower carriage, prop up on the spring that is connected with lift car
Frame, the brake support rack for being connected with car, brake assemblies, through hole are provided with spring upper bracket, transmission connection piece passes through
Through hole and transmission connection piece on spring upper bracket can move relative to spring upper bracket, be propped up under the lower end of transmission connection piece and spring
Frame is connected, spring be arranged between spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket and spring can respectively with spring lower carriage and spring
Support interacts.Using the structure, the wirerope of Zhuai Yin mechanisms is connected with transmission connection piece.Spring upper bracket and lift car phase
Even, by the mutual cooperation of transmission connection piece, spring, spring lower carriage, spring upper bracket, realize and dragging for car is drawn.
Brake support rack is two groups and brake support rack is symmetrical arranged centered on transmission connection piece, brake assemblies four
Group, two groups of brake assemblies are symmetricly set on same brake support rack in opposite directions.Brake assemblies include mutually hanging down with car traffic direction
Straight guide rail, the sliding block being engaged with guide rail, brake component, the connecting rod being connected with sliding block, guide rail are connected with brake support rack, connecting rod
Both ends be flexibly connected respectively with transmission connection piece, sliding block and connecting rod can band movable slider opposite rail movement, sliding block can be in guide rail
On move along a straight line.Using the structure, the connecting rod in brake assemblies can be with the movement of movable slider opposite rail, in the mistake of sliding block movement
Cheng Zhong, sliding block can drive coupled brake component while movement.When transmission connection piece drivening rod moves upwards, lower section
Two connecting rods drive the sliding block being attached thereto to be moved to the direction of transmission connection piece to contract;Two connecting rods of top
It is protruding, and drive brake component to be displaced outwardly by sliding block, by the safe mounting attachment clamping on brake component and elevator hoistways,
The fixation to lift car is realized, effectively prevents the generation for the accident of rushing to summit.During elevator normal operation, spring is in normal compression shape
State, brake component is in suitable position, so as to ensure that elevator is not stuck.
When transmission connection piece drivening rod moves downward, two connecting rods of top drive phase therewith to contract
Sliding block even moves to the direction of transmission connection piece;Two connecting rods of lower section are protruding, and by sliding block drive brake component to
Outer movement, by the safe mounting attachment clamping on brake component and elevator hoistways, the fixation to lift car is realized, effective anti-falling stop
Fall the generation of accident.As it was previously stated, after the elevator car safety of the present invention is fixed, locking state can be in(It is i.e. dead in machinery
Point), it is necessary to it is unlocked using miscellaneous equipment.
Two groups of supporting plates are provided with brake support rack, guide rail is connected with supporting plate.Using the structure, guide rail respectively with biography
The upper/lower terminal of follower link connects respectively.
Transmission connection piece includes wirerope connector, central block, and wirerope connector is connected with the upper end of central block, propped up under spring
Frame is connected with the lower end of central block.Using the structure so that transmission connection piece is readily produced, processes and safeguarded, and transmission connects
The assembling of fitting.
Further, in addition to the linear bearing that is arranged on spring upper bracket, spring lower carriage pass through linear bearing and bullet
Spring upper bracket is formed and is slidably connected.In the structure, linear bearing is arranged on spring upper bracket, and spring lower carriage passes through linear axis
Hold to constitute with spring upper bracket and be slidably connected, form sliding pair.By the setting of linear bearing, effectively can reduce under spring
The frictional force that support is connected with spring upper bracket, play preferable booster action.
Further, connecting rod is flexibly connected with central block and connecting rod can rotate relative to central block.The upper end of wirerope connector is set
Wirerope connecting hole is equipped with, dragging for leading-in device is dragged and draws steel cable and be connected by wirerope connecting hole with transmission connection piece.
Further, claw is provided with brake component, the section of brake component vertically is L-shaped.Using the structure, claw
End formed right angle hook, its can in some non-locking states, further prevent claw bounce back and cause safety means to lose
Effect.
Further, the section of brake component in the horizontal direction is in Qian type or c-type.Using the structure, brake component can ensured
On the premise of intensity, simplify the structure of device.
Further, in addition to brake assemblies the cross bar being engaged, cross bar can be arranged on elevator hoistways.Using the knot
Structure, cross bar cooperate with claw, are easy to that safety device is fixed.
Further, in addition to the safe mounting attachment, the horizontal stroke that is arranged on safe mounting attachment that are arranged in elevator hoistways side wall
The traffic direction of bar, cross bar and elevator is perpendicular.Safe mounting attachment can be designed to other shapes, pass through safe mounting attachment and horizontal stroke
The mutual cooperation of bar, brake component can be made smoothly to be contacted with cross bar and locked.
When the present invention is used for into existing elevator, it is not required to existing elevator structure(Other relevant devices include traction machine,
The necessarieses such as balancing weight, wirerope, do not do tired tell)It is modified.
Brief description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram for the elevator that elevator car safety of the present invention is installed in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 stereoscopic-state schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of car and elevator car safety in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 top view.
Fig. 5 is the overall schematic of elevator car safety in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 stereoscopic-state schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the close-up schematic view of I in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is Fig. 6 mechanism explosive view.
Fig. 9 is the mechanism letter view of elevator car safety in embodiment 1.
Front view when elevator falls in Figure 10 embodiments 1.
Figure 11 is Figure 10 stereoscopic-state schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is the close-up schematic view of II in Figure 11.
When Figure 13 is that elevator falls in embodiment 1, the front view of elevator protection device.
When Figure 14 is that elevator falls in embodiment 1, the mechanism letter view of elevator car safety.
Figure 15 is front view when elevator is rushed to summit in embodiment 1.
Figure 16 is Figure 15 stereoscopic-state schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is the close-up schematic view of III in Figure 16.
When Figure 18 is that elevator is rushed to summit in embodiment 1, the front view of elevator protection device.
When Figure 19 is that elevator is rushed to summit in embodiment 1, the mechanism letter view of elevator car safety.
Figure 20 is the stress sketch of elevator car safety in the present invention(Negligible friction).
Marked in figure:1 is brake support rack, and 2 be spring, and 3 be spring lower carriage, and 4 be spring upper bracket, and 5 be guide rail, 6
For sliding block, 7 be brake component, 8 connecting rods, and 9 be wirerope connector, and block centered on 10,11 be linear bearing.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
Illustrate the implementation of the present invention by particular specific embodiment below, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation
Content disclosed by book understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.
Refering to accompanying drawing, structure, ratio, size depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings etc., only coordinating specification
Disclosed content, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, it is not limited to the enforceable restriction bar of the present invention
Part, therefore do not have technical essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, do not influenceing
Under the effect of present invention can be generated and the purpose that can reach, it all should still fall and obtain and can contain in disclosed technology contents
In the range of lid.Meanwhile the position restriction term cited in this specification, understanding for narration is merely convenient to, and be not used to
The enforceable scope of the present invention is limited, its relativeness is altered or modified, in the case where changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as
The enforceable category of the present invention.
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, can be equivalent by other or with similar purpose
Alternative features are replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
.
Embodiment 1
Using the elevator of elevator car safety of the present invention, its overall schematic is as indicated with 1.
In the present embodiment, elevator car safety include be used for be connected with elevator drawstring transmission connection piece, be arranged on transmission
Spring, spring lower carriage on connector, the spring upper bracket being connected with lift car, the braking support for being connected with car
Frame, brake assemblies, linear bearing, are provided with through hole on spring upper bracket, and transmission connection piece is through the through hole on spring upper bracket
And transmission connection piece can move relative to spring upper bracket, the lower end of transmission connection piece is connected with spring lower carriage, and spring is arranged on
Between spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket and spring can interact with spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket respectively.
Brake assemblies are connected including the guide rail perpendicular with car traffic direction, the sliding block being engaged with guide rail, with sliding block
Brake component, connecting rod, guide rail is connected with brake support rack, and the both ends of connecting rod are hinged with transmission connection piece, sliding block respectively.
Brake support rack is two groups and brake support rack is symmetrical arranged centered on transmission connection piece, is set on brake support rack
Two groups of supporting plates are equipped with, guide rail is connected with supporting plate;Brake assemblies are four groups, and two groups of brake assemblies are symmetricly set on same in opposite directions
On brake support rack.
In the present embodiment, transmission connection piece includes wirerope connector, central block, the upper end phase of wirerope connector and central block
Even, spring lower carriage is connected with the lower end of central block.Linear bearing is arranged on spring upper bracket, and spring lower carriage passes through straight line
Bearing is formed with spring upper bracket and is slidably connected.Connecting rod is hinged with central block.In the present embodiment, the upper end of wirerope connector is set
There is wirerope connecting hole.
In the present embodiment, claw is provided with brake component, the section of brake component vertically is L-shaped.
The elevator of the present embodiment includes car, the guide rail being arranged on elevator hoistways, is arranged in elevator hoistways side wall
The traffic direction of safe mounting attachment, the cross bar being arranged on safe mounting attachment, cross bar and elevator is perpendicular.The present embodiment is with existing
Elevator based on, it is not necessary to it is modified, other equipment(Such as traction machine, balancing weight, wirerope necessaries)And its
His equipment of general elevator is the same, does not do tired tell.
During the elevator normal operation of the present embodiment(It is assumed that setting speed is 1 meter per second during the elevator normal operation, specified load
Weight 1000kG, specified manned number is 13 people), as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Now, spring is in normal compressive state, brake component and peace
Full mounting attachment is not in contact with elevator can be with normal operation.
When elevator no-load and full load, caused weight change can also cause the change of amount of spring compression, but not make system
Moving part contacts with safe mounting attachment, and then ensures the normal operation of elevator.
When elevator accelerates to decline or freely falling body occurs for wirerope fracture, because downward acceleration instantaneously increases, so
As shown in figure 20 according to force analysis, wirerope pulling force F reduces or is 0.Now, due to central block by wirerope pulling force reduce and
Have again and downward elastic force is provided by spring, the element for causing central block and connecting thereon is accelerated to move downward relative to car.
Safety guard will be in state shown in Figure 13, by safe mounting attachment lift car can be prevented to continue to move downward, as Figure 10,
Shown in Figure 11, Figure 12.Now, elevator will instantaneously stop, and the passenger in elevator can wait for rescue safely.
When elevator accelerates or rushed to summit accident, because upward acceleration instantaneously increases, so according to stress
Analysis is as shown in figure 20, wirerope pulling force F increases.Now, because central block is by the increase of wirerope pulling force, spring-compressed degree is caused
Increase, the element for causing central block and connecting thereon is accelerated into motion upwards relative to car.Safety guard will be in figure
State shown in 18, by safe mounting attachment lift car can be prevented to continue up, as shown in Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17.Now,
Elevator will instantaneously stop, and the passenger in elevator can wait for rescue safely.
When elevator generation improper acceleration or wirerope fracture accident downwards, elevator car safety of the invention startup,
Elevator is out of service.Now, because connecting rod and the central block direction of motion are in same straight line(As shown in figure 13), therefore according to machinery
Dead point condition judgment, now, mechanism are in locking state, can not be returned to original state, it is necessary to wait elevator service personnel and elevator
When rescue personnel rescues trapped personnel, equipment locking state is released using other equipment(Mechanical dead point is released using equipment,
The elevator service personnel for possessing mechanical insight herein is easy to accomplish, and does not do tired tell).
Similarly, when elevator occur it is improper accelerate upwards or elevator is rushed to summit accident, when safety means start, elevator stops
Operation;Now, because connecting rod and the central block direction of motion are in same straight line(As shown in figure 18), therefore according to mechanical dead point condition
Judge, now mechanism is in locking state, can not be returned to original state, it is necessary to wait elevator service personnel and elevator rescue personnel will
When trapped personnel is rescued, equipment locking state is released using other equipment(Dead point is released using equipment, is possessed herein mechanical normal
The elevator service personnel of knowledge is easy to accomplish, and does not do tired tell).
The invention is not limited in foregoing embodiment.The present invention, which expands to, any in this manual to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of elevator car safety, it is characterised in that including the transmission connection piece for being connected with elevator drawstring, be arranged on biography
Spring, spring lower carriage on follower link, the spring upper bracket being connected with lift car, the braking branch for being connected with car
Support, brake assemblies, are provided with through hole on the spring upper bracket, and the transmission connection piece is through the through hole on spring upper bracket
And transmission connection piece can move relative to spring upper bracket, the lower end of the transmission connection piece is connected with spring lower carriage, the bullet
Spring is arranged between spring lower carriage and spring upper bracket and spring lower carriage, spring upper bracket can respectively with spring phase interaction
With;
The brake assemblies are connected including the guide rail perpendicular with car traffic direction, the sliding block being engaged with guide rail, with sliding block
Brake component, connecting rod, the guide rail is connected with brake support rack, and the both ends of the connecting rod are lived with transmission connection piece, sliding block respectively
Dynamic connection and connecting rod energy band movable slider opposite rail movement;
The brake support rack is two groups and brake support rack is symmetrical arranged centered on transmission connection piece, and the brake assemblies are
Four groups, two groups of brake assemblies are symmetricly set on same brake support rack in opposite directions.
2. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that two groups of supports are provided with the brake support rack
Plate, the guide rail are connected with supporting plate.
3. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transmission connection piece include wirerope connector,
Central block, the wirerope connector are connected with the upper end of central block, and the spring lower carriage is connected with the lower end of central block.
4. elevator car safety according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also include the straight line being arranged on spring upper bracket
Bearing, the spring lower carriage are made up of with spring upper bracket linear bearing and are slidably connected.
5. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper end of the wirerope connector is provided with wirerope
Connecting hole.
6. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with claw on the brake component.
7. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the section of the brake component vertically is in L
Type.
8. elevator car safety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the section of the brake component in the horizontal direction is in Qian
Type or c-type.
9. according to any one of the claim 1-8 elevator car safeties, it is characterised in that including what is be engaged with brake assemblies
Cross bar.
10. according to any one of the claim 1-8 elevator car safeties, it is characterised in that also include being arranged on elevator hoistways
Safe mounting attachment in side wall, the cross bar being arranged on safe mounting attachment, the traffic direction of the cross bar and elevator are perpendicular.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201610286587.6A CN105800414B (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | A kind of elevator car safety |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610286587.6A CN105800414B (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | A kind of elevator car safety |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN105800414A CN105800414A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
CN105800414B true CN105800414B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
Family
ID=56455118
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CN201610286587.6A Active CN105800414B (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | A kind of elevator car safety |
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CN (1) | CN105800414B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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CN109941858B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-12-29 | 张家界百龙天梯旅游发展有限公司 | Elevator maintenance protection device for preventing car from rushing to top through twice buffering |
CN111807182B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽迅立达电梯有限公司 | Operation method convenient for safe installation of elevator |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB478220A (en) * | 1936-08-10 | 1938-01-14 | Franz Otto Jaeckel | Improvements in safety catches for hoist conveyances |
JPH09124243A (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-13 | Hitachi Building Syst Co Ltd | Operation testing device for dumb waiter emergency suspension device |
CN2675627Y (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-02 | 徐友金 | Multifunctional gantry crane and elevator safety installation |
CN200985231Y (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-05 | 王瑞琪 | Energy-storage capsizing-proof dropping-proof device |
CN202704754U (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2013-01-30 | 苏州汾湖电梯有限公司 | Elevator safe device |
CN204958047U (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-01-13 | 卫小兵 | Device for preventing lift car of lift from accidentally moving |
CN105293244B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-08-25 | 郭贤良 | Suspension type elevator anti-fall device |
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2016
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Effective date of registration: 20220809 Address after: 610100 Annex 2, No. 3, floor 2, building B2, No. 1666, Section 2, Chenglong Avenue, Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone, Sichuan Province Patentee after: Huaming innovation (Chengdu) Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 621010, No. 59, Qinglong Avenue, Fucheng District, Sichuan, Mianyang Patentee before: Liu Jinming |