CN105794597A - System and method for carrying out layered constant-pressure filtration irrigation according to root distribution of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a layered constant pressure seepage irrigation system and method according to the distribution of plant roots, belonging to the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation and automatic control. The present invention considers the influence of the humidity heterogeneity of surface soil and deep soil on plant growth, and buries infiltration irrigation pipes at suitable depths of surface soil and deep soil to establish a spatially distributed infiltration irrigation system. According to the soil critical drought humidity value at the surface soil and the deep soil as the set value, the soil moisture at the surface soil and the deep soil is compared with the set value to control the opening of the water pump and the solenoid valve. The change of soil moisture at a specific location is used as the timing for closing the solenoid valve, and constant pressure control is performed by controlling the speed of the water pump to achieve automatic and precise control of irrigation. In the invention, the fertilizer necessary for plants is added into water and directly transported to the root system of the plant through the infiltration irrigation pipe, and is directly absorbed by the plant, effectively avoiding the pollution of the environment and groundwater by the fertilizer, and greatly improving the utilization rate and water saving rate of the fertilizer.

Description

A system and method for layered constant pressure infiltration irrigation according to the distribution of plant roots

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation and automatic control, in particular to a system and method for layered constant-pressure seepage irrigation according to the distribution of plant roots.

Background technique

At present, flood irrigation is still the most widely used irrigation method in agricultural production. Although flood irrigation can effectively solve the problem of plant drought, a large amount of water flows from the top to bottom of the soil profile, which not only destroys the soil distribution near the plant root system, but also The fertilizer washes into the deep layer of the soil to pollute the groundwater, which greatly wastes water resources. Therefore, on this basis, the infiltration irrigation method was introduced. Infiltration irrigation is a form of underground micro-irrigation, which means that under low hydraulic pressure, the irrigation water (including soluble nutrients) is erected or buried in the root system of each agricultural and forestry crop. The micropores on the inner seepage pipe wall ooze from the inside to the outside in the form of sweating, and moisten the soil around the root layer of the crops in the form of trickle infiltration, that is, directly supply water and support to the root system of each agricultural and forestry crop in a timely and appropriate amount. Irrigation techniques for increasing water production.

The soil can be divided into surface soil and deep soil. After irrigation, due to the influence of solar radiation, the water in the surface soil evaporates quickly, so the humidity of the surface soil will be lower than that of the deep soil. When the humidity of the deep soil meets the growth of plants The humidity of the topsoil can sometimes be lower than the plant's growing conditions when conditions are high. And when the root system of the plant grows, it will absorb a large amount of water in the deep soil. At this time, the humidity of the deep soil will be lower than that of the surface soil and cannot meet the growth conditions of the plant root system.

The Chinese patent of application number 201020565352.9 discloses the navel orange orchard seepage irrigation system, mentions in this patent that the seepage pipe is buried in the middle of each row of fruit trees in the navel orange orchard to a depth of 35cm underground, and the water holding capacity is measured at a depth of 30cm in the drip line soil of the navel orange crown, when When the water holding capacity is below 40%, it should be irrigated in time, and when it reaches 80%, stop irrigation. In this patent, the infiltration irrigation pipe is used to provide the water needed for the growth of navel orange fruit trees, but it does not consider whether layered irrigation is required, the impact of surface soil drought on fruit trees, and the impact of pressure changes in water pipes on infiltration irrigation are not considered. influences.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a layered constant pressure seepage irrigation system and method according to the distribution of plant roots, so as to take into account the impact of surface drought on irrigation phenomena, realize layered irrigation, and improve irrigation uniformity and water saving rate.

In order to solve above technical problems, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

A layered constant pressure seepage irrigation system based on the distribution of plant roots, characterized in that it includes: a filter screen (1), a main pipe (2), a water pump (3), a check valve (4), a regulating valve (5), a venturi Inside fertilizer applicator (6), stack filter (7), mesh filter (8), flow meter (9), pressure sensor (10), fertilization tank (11), dry pipe (12), electromagnetic No. 1 Valve (13), No. 2 solenoid valve (14), No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe (15), No. 2 seepage irrigation pipe (16), No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensor (18), and No. 3 humidity sensor (19), mulch film (20), exhaust valve (21), controller (22), frequency converter (23); the main pipe (2) is sequentially connected with filter screen (1), water pump (3), inverter Stop valve (4), regulating valve (5), Venturi fertilizer applicator (6), stack filter (7), screen filter (8), flow meter (9), pressure sensor (10), fertilization tank (11); respectively connect No. 1 permeation irrigation pipe (15) and No. 2 percolation irrigation pipe (16) on the main pipe (12); connect No. 1 permeation irrigation pipe (15) in sequence Electromagnetic valve (13), exhaust valve (21); No. 2 electromagnetic valve (14) and exhaust valve (21) are sequentially connected to the No. 2 permeation irrigation pipe (16).

The No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe (15) is located in the middle of the surface plants, 5-10cm below the ground surface, and the ground surface is covered with plastic film (20); the No. 2 seepage irrigation pipe (16) is located at the No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe (15) 20-25cm directly below.

The distance between two adjacent No. 1 seepage irrigation pipes (15) is equal to the row spacing of plants.

The No. 1 humidity sensor (17) is located at 10 cm below the ground surface, the No. 2 humidity sensor (18) is located at 15 cm below the ground surface, and the No. 3 humidity sensor (19) is located at 20 cm below the ground surface.

No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensor (18), No. 3 humidity sensor (19) and pressure sensor (10) are connected to the input end of the controller (22); No. 1 solenoid valve (13), No. 2 solenoid valve The input terminals of the valve (14) and the frequency converter (23) are connected with the output terminal of the controller (22); the water pump (3) is connected with the output terminal of the frequency converter (23).

A method for layered constant pressure seepage irrigation according to the distribution of plant roots, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1, input the pressure setting value and the soil moisture setting value at each depth in the controller (22);

Step 2, when the No. 1 humidity sensor (17) detects that the soil humidity at the depth is lower than the set value, turn on the water pump (3) and the No. 1 solenoid valve (13); when the No. 3 humidity sensor (19) detects When the soil moisture at the depth is lower than the set value, the water pump (3) and the No. 2 solenoid valve (14) are turned on;

Step 3, after the infiltration irrigation system is running, when the pressure sensor (10) detects that the pressure in the main pipe (2) is lower than the set value, turn on the frequency converter (23) to increase the pressure: when the detected pressure is higher than the set value When setting the value, turn on the frequency converter (23) to reduce the pressure;

Step 4, when the No. 2 humidity sensor (18) detects that the soil humidity changes, close the No. 1 solenoid valve (13); when the No. 3 humidity sensor (19) detects that the soil humidity is higher than the set value, close the No. 2 solenoid valve Solenoid valve (14);

Step 5, when the No. 1 solenoid valve (13) and No. 2 solenoid valve (14) are both closed, the infiltration irrigation is completed, the water pump (3) is turned off, and the controller (22) is kept on, waiting for the next infiltration irrigation cycle.

The working process of the present invention . The invention uses the condition of soil humidity as the condition of opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, and uses the pressure sensor to detect the pressure so as to control the constant pressure operation of the system. In the present invention, the rated pressure of the system, the humidity setting value of the surface layer and the humidity setting value of the deep soil are input into the controller (22). When the No. 1 humidity sensor (17) detects that the soil humidity at the depth is lower than the set When setting the value, open the water pump (2) and the No. 1 solenoid valve (13), and when the No. 3 humidity sensor (19) detects that the soil humidity at the depth is lower than the set value, open the No. 21 solenoid valve (14). After the system is running, the pressure sensor (10) detects the pressure in the system pipeline. When the pressure is lower than the rated pressure, turn on the frequency converter (23), increase the speed of the water pump (3), and increase the pressure of the system; when the pressure is higher than When the rated pressure is reached, turn on the frequency converter (23), reduce the speed of the water pump (3), and reduce the pressure of the system; in order to ensure the constant pressure operation of the system. When the No. 2 humidity sensor (18) detects that the soil humidity changes, close the No. 1 solenoid valve (13); when the No. 3 humidity sensor (19) detects that the soil humidity is higher than the set value, close the No. 2 solenoid valve ( 14); when the No. 1 solenoid valve (13) and the No. 2 solenoid valve (14) are both closed, the water pump (3) is turned off, the seepage irrigation is ended, and the next irrigation cycle is waited for.

The invention has beneficial effects . The present invention considers the influence of the humidity inhomogeneity of surface soil and deep soil on plant growth, divides plant irrigation into surface irrigation and deep irrigation, and solves the influence of humidity inhomogeneity on plant growth in the process of plant growth through layered irrigation . The present invention judges the drought condition of the surface soil and the deep soil by real-time monitoring of the humidity of the surface soil and the deep soil, so as to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve and provide a reasonable solution for the layered irrigation of plants. The use of pressure sensors and frequency converters ensures the constant pressure operation of the system, improves irrigation uniformity and water saving rate, and ensures real-time and appropriate irrigation of plants.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition and structure of the infiltration irrigation system of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Filter screen, 2. Supervisor, 3. Water pump, 4. Check valve, 5. Regulating valve, 6. Venturi fertilizer applicator, 7. Stack filter, 8. Net filter, 9. Flow meter, 10. Pressure sensor, 11. Fertilization tank, 12. Dry pipe, No. 13.1 solenoid valve, No. 14.2 solenoid valve, No. 15.1 infiltration irrigation pipe, No. 16.2 infiltration irrigation pipe, No. 17.1 humidity sensor, No. 18.2 humidity sensor, 19. No. 3 humidity sensor, 20. Plastic film, 21. Exhaust valve, 22. Controller, 23. Frequency converter.

detailed description

The specific implementation of the method will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the method, but are not intended to limit the scope of the method.

The composition and structure of the system of the present invention are shown in Figure 1, including a filter screen 1, a main pipe 2, a water pump 3, a check valve 4, a regulating valve 5, a Venturi fertilizer applicator 6, a stack filter 7, and a net filter 8 , flow meter 9, pressure sensor 10, fertilization tank 11, main pipe 12, No. 1 solenoid valve 13, No. 2 solenoid valve 14, No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe 15, No. 2 seepage irrigation pipe 16, No. 1 humidity sensor 17, 2 No. 18 humidity sensor, No. 3 humidity sensor 19, mulch film 20, exhaust valve 21, controller 22, frequency converter 23; the main pipe 2 is connected to the filter screen 1, the water pump 3, the check valve 4, the regulating valve 5, and the Venturi in sequence Fertilizer 6, stack filter 7, mesh filter 8, flow meter 9, pressure sensor 10, fertilization tank 11; the main pipe 12 is respectively connected with No. 1 infiltration irrigation pipe 15 and No. 2 infiltration irrigation pipe 16; 1 No. 1 irrigation pipe 15 is connected to No. 1 solenoid valve 13 and exhaust valve 21 in turn; No. 2 irrigation pipe 16 is connected to No. 2 solenoid valve 14 and exhaust valve 21 in turn. No. 1 irrigation pipe 15 is located in the middle of the surface plants 5-10cm below the ground surface, and a mulch film 20 is laid on the ground surface; the No. 2 seepage irrigation pipe 16 is located at 20-25cm directly below the No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe 15. The distance between each No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe 15 is equal to the row spacing of plants. No. 1 humidity sensor 17 is located at 10 cm below the ground surface, No. 2 humidity sensor 18 is located at 15 cm below the ground surface, and No. 3 humidity sensor 19 is located at 20 cm below the ground surface. No. 1 humidity sensor 17, No. 2 humidity sensor 18, No. 3 humidity sensor 19 and pressure sensor 10 are connected to the input end of controller 22; the input ends of No. 1 solenoid valve 13, No. 2 solenoid valve 14 and frequency converter 23 are connected to the controller 22 output terminals are connected; the water pump 3 is connected to the output terminal of the frequency converter 23 .

In this example, No. 1 seepage irrigation pipe 15 and No. 2 seepage irrigation pipe 16 are all high-quality seepage irrigation pipes. The models of No. 1 humidity sensor 17, No. 2 humidity sensor 18 and No. 3 humidity sensor 19 are all CS616. The model of the sensor 10 is QBE2002-P16, and the mulching film 20 is a transparent PE film.

The soil in the infiltration irrigation area is loamy clay, and the test plant is Anji Baicha, which is about 7 years old. The root system depth of the tea tree measured by the test is 45cm. The following is a further introduction to the working process of infiltration irrigation.

The first step: input the pressure setting value 0.06Mpa in the controller 22, and input the soil humidity setting values 15% and 25% at 10cm and 20cm.

Step 2: When No. 1 humidity sensor 17 detects that the soil humidity at 10cm is lower than 15%, open water pump 3 and No. 1 solenoid valve 13; when No. 3 humidity sensor 19 detects that the soil humidity at 20cm is lower than 15% , open No. 2 solenoid valve 14.

Step 3: After the system is running, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure is lower than 0.06Mpa, turn on the frequency converter 23 to increase the pressure; when it detects that the pressure is higher than 0.06Mpa, turn on the frequency converter 23 to reduce the pressure.

Step 4: When the No. 2 humidity sensor 18 detects that the soil humidity changes, close the No. 1 solenoid valve 13; when the No. 3 humidity sensor 19 detects that the soil humidity is higher than 25%, close the No. 2 solenoid valve 14.

Step 5: When the No. 1 solenoid valve 13 and the No. 2 solenoid valve 14 are both closed, the seepage irrigation is completed, the water pump 3 is turned off, the controller 22 is kept open, and the next seepage irrigation cycle is waited for.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the method, but not to limit the method. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can also make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the method. Therefore, all Equivalent technical solutions also belong to the category of this method, and the scope of patent protection of this method should be defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. one kind carries out layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterized in that including: drainage screen (1), supervisor (2), water pump (3), non-return valve (4), regulate valve (5), Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator (6), cascade filter (7), well strainer (8), flow meter (9), pressure transducer (10), fertilizer spreading tank (11), main (12), No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13), No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14), No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15), No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16), No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensors (18), No. 3 humidity sensors (19), mulch film (20), air bleeding valve (21), controller (22), converter (23)；Described supervisor (2) is sequentially connected with drainage screen (1), water pump (3), non-return valve (4), regulates valve (5), Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator (6), cascade filter (7), well strainer (8), flow meter (9), pressure transducer (10), fertilizer spreading tank (11)；Described main (12) connects each No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) and No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16) respectively；Described No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) is sequentially connected with No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13), air bleeding valve (21)；Described No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16) are sequentially connected with No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14), air bleeding valve (21).

2. one according to claim 1 carries out layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterised in that: described No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) is positioned at ground flora middle position, is positioned at below earth's surface 5-10cm, earth's surface laying plastic (20)；Described No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16) are positioned at 20-25cm place immediately below No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15).

3. one according to claim 1 carries out layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterised in that: the distance between adjacent two described No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipes (15) is equal to the line-spacing of plant.

4. one according to claim 1 carries out layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterized in that: described No. 1 humidity sensor (17) is positioned at 10cm place, below earth's surface, No. 2 humidity sensors (18) are positioned at 15cm place, below earth's surface, and No. 3 humidity sensors (19) are positioned at 20cm place, below earth's surface.

5. one according to claim 1 carries out layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterised in that: No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensors (18), No. 3 humidity sensors (19) are connected with controller (22) input with pressure transducer (10)；No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13), No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14) are connected with the outfan of controller (22) with the input of converter (23)；Water pump (3) connects the outfan of converter (23).

6. one kind carries out layering constant voltage filtration irrigation method according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterised in that: utilize the infiltrating irrigation system described in claim 1, specifically include following steps:

Step 1, the soil moisture setting value of input pressure setting value and each depth in controller (22)；

Step 2, when No. 1 humidity sensor (17) detects the soil moisture of this depth lower than setting value, opens water pump (3) and No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13)；When No. 3 humidity sensors (19) detect the soil moisture of this depth lower than setting value, open water pump (3) and No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14)；

Step 3, after described infiltrating irrigation system runs, when pressure transducer (10) detects the pressure in supervisor (2) lower than setting value, opens converter (23), increases pressure；When detecting that pressure is higher than setting value, open converter (23), reduce pressure；

Step 4, when No. 2 humidity sensors (18) detect that soil moisture changes, closes No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13)；When No. 3 humidity sensors (19) detect that soil moisture is higher than setting value, close No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14)；

Step 5, after No. 1 electromagnetic valve (13) and No. 2 electromagnetic valves (14) are turned off, infiltrating irrigation terminates, and switch off the pump (3), keeps controller (22) to open, and waits the next infiltrating irrigation cycle.