CN105776775A - Anaerobic-autotrophic nitrogen removal-ozone oxidation coupling landfill leachate whole flow process zero emission processing process - Google Patents
Anaerobic-autotrophic nitrogen removal-ozone oxidation coupling landfill leachate whole flow process zero emission processing process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,垃圾渗滤液依次通过预处理系统、主体生物处理系统和深度处理系统,预处理系统由调节池、吸附池和混凝池组成,废水依次经过上述装置进行预处理;出水进入主体生物处理系统,主体生物处理系统包括厌氧EGSB反应器、A/O短程硝化反应池、厌氧氨氧化UASB反应器,所述的上述处理装置通过PLC控制系统进行实时调控,进行脱氮除碳反应;出水进入深度处理系统进一步处理,所述的深度处理系统包括二级混凝池、一级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池、MBR二次生物反应池、二级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池,最终出水的有机物和总氮、氨氮都达到排放标准。本发明具有高效脱氮除碳、节能降耗、运行稳定的优点,同时实现了零浓缩液产生的目的。
The invention provides a landfill leachate treatment process. The landfill leachate passes through a pretreatment system, a main biological treatment system and an advanced treatment system in sequence. The pretreatment system is composed of a regulating pool, an adsorption pool and a coagulation pool. Pretreatment: the effluent enters the main biological treatment system, the main biological treatment system includes anaerobic EGSB reactor, A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank, anaerobic ammonium oxidation UASB reactor, and the above-mentioned treatment devices are regulated in real time through the PLC control system , carry out denitrification and carbon removal reaction; the effluent enters the advanced treatment system for further treatment. Catalyzed ozone oxidation reaction tank, the organic matter, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the final effluent all meet the emission standards. The invention has the advantages of high-efficiency denitrification and carbon removal, energy saving and consumption reduction, and stable operation, and at the same time realizes the purpose of zero concentrated liquid generation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及环境保护技术领域,具体涉及一种垃圾渗滤液处理的组合工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a combined process for treating landfill leachate.
背景技术Background technique
城市垃圾卫生填埋产生的垃圾渗滤液中含有大量有机污染物、含氮物质以及种类繁多的重金属物质,如果处理不当,会成为周围环境的巨大威胁。尤其是其中所含的氨氮,是渗滤液稳定化处理的关键因素;并且过高的氨氮浓度会抑制微生物的正常生长和生化处理的效果。国家颁布的《垃圾渗滤液排放标准》(GB16889-2008),增加了对总氮排放的标准,要求出水总氮质量浓度小于40mg/L,至今,它仍是垃圾渗滤液处理中的一大难题。目前,垃圾渗滤液的处理通常采用“预处理+生物处理+深度处理”的工艺组合。在垃圾渗滤液处理市场上较为成熟的深度处理工艺是超滤、纳滤等膜工艺,虽然经纳滤处理后的上清液达标,可直接排放,但纳滤分离后产生的浓缩液色度深、盐分高、COD主要为难降解的腐殖酸类物质,很难处理,常采取回喷、回灌填埋或外运处理等方式处置,易形成二次污染。此部分约占总处理水量的40%,工艺能耗大,运行及投资费用高,所以浓缩液的处理是垃圾渗滤液处理过程中的又一大难题。总的来说,传统工艺存在处理工艺复杂、化学药剂消耗量大、成本高、处理后垃圾渗滤液总氮排放不达标、浓缩液处理不达标等缺陷。The landfill leachate produced by urban waste sanitary landfill contains a large amount of organic pollutants, nitrogenous substances and various heavy metal substances. If it is not handled properly, it will become a huge threat to the surrounding environment. Especially the ammonia nitrogen contained in it is the key factor of leachate stabilization treatment; and too high concentration of ammonia nitrogen will inhibit the normal growth of microorganisms and the effect of biochemical treatment. The "Discharge Standard for Landfill Leachate" (GB16889-2008) promulgated by the state has added the standard for total nitrogen discharge, requiring the mass concentration of total nitrogen in the effluent to be less than 40mg/L. So far, it is still a major problem in the treatment of landfill leachate . At present, the treatment of landfill leachate usually adopts the process combination of "pretreatment + biological treatment + advanced treatment". In the landfill leachate treatment market, relatively mature advanced treatment processes are membrane processes such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. Although the supernatant after nanofiltration treatment reaches the standard and can be discharged directly, the concentrated liquid produced after nanofiltration separation has a chromaticity Deep, high salinity, COD is mainly humic acid substances that are difficult to degrade, which is difficult to deal with. It is often disposed of by backspraying, refilling landfill or shipping out, which is easy to cause secondary pollution. This part accounts for about 40% of the total treated water. The process consumes a lot of energy, and the operation and investment costs are high. Therefore, the treatment of the concentrate is another major problem in the process of landfill leachate treatment. In general, the traditional process has defects such as complex treatment process, large consumption of chemicals, high cost, total nitrogen discharge of landfill leachate after treatment is not up to standard, and concentrate treatment is not up to standard.
短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化串联工艺是目前废水生物脱氮领域内最经济、最简洁的工艺之一。短程硝化技术,是将生物硝化过程控制在氨氧化阶段,使NH4 +-N在转化为NO2 --N后不再转变为NO3 --N;厌氧氨氧化技术是将NH4 +-N和NO2 --N直接转化为氮气的生物反应技术。而短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺则结合了两种技术的优点,相对于传统脱氮工艺而言,该工艺具有耗氧量低、无需有机碳源、剩余污泥量少、脱氮效率高等优点。The short-cut nitrification-ANAMMOX series process is currently one of the most economical and concise processes in the field of wastewater biological nitrogen removal. The short-range nitrification technology is to control the biological nitrification process in the ammonia oxidation stage, so that NH 4 + -N will no longer be converted into NO 3 - -N after being converted into NO 2 - -N; the anaerobic ammonium oxidation technology is to convert NH 4 + Biological reaction technology for direct conversion of -N and NO 2 - -N into nitrogen. The short-cut nitrification-anammox combination process combines the advantages of the two technologies. Compared with the traditional denitrification process, the process has low oxygen consumption, no organic carbon source, less residual sludge, and high denitrification efficiency. Advanced advantages.
此外,臭氧的强氧化作用,可将垃圾渗滤液中的难降解有机物降解为易生物降解的有机物,提高其可生化性,后续通过MBR工艺的二级生物处理及臭氧深度氧化,使出水有机物达标排放。同时实现脱色、除臭的目的。臭氧强氧化深度处理技术,可实现垃圾渗滤液“零浓缩液”的目的,彻底解决传统工艺中浓缩液难处置、处置成本高的问题。In addition, the strong oxidation of ozone can degrade the refractory organic matter in the landfill leachate into easily biodegradable organic matter, improving its biodegradability, and then through the secondary biological treatment of the MBR process and deep oxidation of ozone, the organic matter in the effluent can reach the standard emission. At the same time achieve the purpose of decolorization and deodorization. The strong ozone oxidation advanced treatment technology can achieve the goal of "zero concentrate" of landfill leachate, and completely solve the problems of difficult and high disposal cost of concentrate in traditional processes.
因此,如何将以上两种技术应用到垃圾渗滤液的处理中就成为研究热点之一。Therefore, how to apply the above two technologies to the treatment of landfill leachate has become one of the research hotspots.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种垃圾渗滤液处理的组合工艺,通过厌氧技术、自养脱氮技术、与臭氧高级氧化技术有机结合,取长补短,从而具有高氨氮去除率、高色度去除率、高COD去除率、运行稳定、对水质变化适应能力强、费用较低、零浓缩液产生等优点。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combination process for landfill leachate treatment, through the organic combination of anaerobic technology, autotrophic denitrification technology, and ozone advanced oxidation technology, learn from each other's strengths, thereby having high ammonia nitrogen removal rate, high chroma removal rate, It has the advantages of high COD removal rate, stable operation, strong adaptability to water quality changes, low cost, and zero concentrate generation.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种垃圾渗滤液处理的组合工艺,包括如下步骤:A combined process for landfill leachate treatment, comprising the steps of:
(1)垃圾渗滤液经吸附池、混凝池进行预处理;(1) Garbage leachate is pretreated through adsorption tanks and coagulation tanks;
(2)混凝池的出水与厌氧氨氧化反应器的回流液混合后,在厌氧EGSB反应器中进行同步反硝化产甲烷化反应;(2) After the effluent of the coagulation tank is mixed with the reflux liquid of the anammox reactor, synchronous denitrification and methanation reaction are carried out in the anaerobic EGSB reactor;
(3)厌氧处理出水55%-60%进入A/O短程硝化反应池,剩余部分进入集水池Ⅱ;(3) 55%-60% of the effluent from anaerobic treatment enters the A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank, and the rest enters the sump II;
(4)A/O短程硝化出水与集水池Ⅱ中的厌氧液按体积比1:1混合后,在UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器中进行脱氮反应;(4) After the A/O short-range nitrification effluent is mixed with the anaerobic liquid in the sump II at a volume ratio of 1:1, the denitrification reaction is carried out in the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor;
(5)厌氧氨氧化反应器的出水进入零浓缩液深度处理系统,依次经过二级混凝处理、一级均相催化臭氧氧化处理、MBR二次生物处理、二级均相催化臭氧氧化处理后,达标排放。(5) The effluent from the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor enters the zero concentrate advanced treatment system, and then undergoes two-stage coagulation treatment, one-stage homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation treatment, MBR secondary biological treatment, and two-stage homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation treatment After that, meet the emission standards.
根据以上方案,所述PLC控制系统对所述厌氧处理、短程硝化处理、厌氧氨氧化处理进行实时控制:According to the above scheme, the PLC control system performs real-time control on the anaerobic treatment, short-cut nitrification treatment and anammox treatment:
所述厌氧EGSB反应器前回流管道上安装有第一液体流量传感器,反应器中部设有第一温度传感器、液体流速计、第一pH电极,A/O短程硝化反应池的进水口设有第二液体流量传感器,在所述A/O短程硝化池好氧区中设有第二温度传感器、DO电极、第二pH电极、第一氨氮电极,曝气管道上设气体流量传感器;在所述厌氧氨氧化反应器前的连接集水池Ⅱ的进水管道上设有第三液体流量传感器,在所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器中设有第三温度传感器、第三pH电极、ORP电极、第二NH4 +-N电极、NO2 --N电极;上述各在线监测仪分别与PLC控制系统连接;The first liquid flow sensor is installed on the backflow pipeline before the anaerobic EGSB reactor, the first temperature sensor, the liquid flow meter, and the first pH electrode are arranged in the middle of the reactor, and the water inlet of the A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank is provided with The second liquid flow sensor is provided with a second temperature sensor, a DO electrode, a second pH electrode, and a first ammonia nitrogen electrode in the aerobic zone of the A/O short-range nitrification tank, and a gas flow sensor is provided on the aeration pipeline; A third liquid flow sensor is provided on the water inlet pipe connected to the sump II before the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor, and a third temperature sensor, a third pH electrode, an ORP electrode, the second NH 4 + -N electrode, NO 2 - -N electrode; the above-mentioned online monitors are respectively connected to the PLC control system;
所述的PLC控制系统将采集到的信号显示于人机界面上,根据运行程序计算得到实时控制变量,对与PLC控制系统相连的泵、加热装置、曝气机、电动阀进行实时调控。The PLC control system displays the collected signals on the man-machine interface, calculates the real-time control variables according to the operating program, and performs real-time regulation on the pumps, heating devices, aerators, and electric valves connected to the PLC control system.
根据以上方案,所述厌氧处理产生的沼气输送至沼气储罐,提纯后,燃烧,用于加热所述短程硝化处理、厌氧氨氧化处理单元,剩余热量用于发电,提供全厂的使用电量,实现能源自给。According to the above plan, the biogas generated by the anaerobic treatment is transported to the biogas storage tank, and after purification, it is burned to heat the short-range nitrification treatment and anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment unit, and the remaining heat is used for power generation to provide the use of the whole plant electricity to achieve energy self-sufficiency.
根据以上方案,所述深度处理为MBR二次生物处理和臭氧氧化处理的组合工艺,包括二级混凝处理、一级均相催化臭氧氧化处理、MBR二次生物处理、二级均相催化臭氧氧化处理,真正实现零浓缩液处理工艺。According to the above scheme, the advanced treatment is a combined process of MBR secondary biological treatment and ozone oxidation treatment, including secondary coagulation treatment, primary homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation treatment, MBR secondary biological treatment, secondary homogeneous catalytic ozone Oxidation treatment, truly realize zero concentrate treatment process.
根据以上方案,所述第一均相催化臭氧氧化处理所使用的催化剂为液体催化剂,其中含有Mn2+、Ag+等过渡金属离子。According to the above solution, the catalyst used in the first homogeneous catalytic ozonation treatment is a liquid catalyst containing transition metal ions such as Mn 2+ , Ag + , and the like.
根据以上方案,所述深度处理中产生的臭氧尾气,收集后进入臭氧尾气分解装置处理后排放。According to the above scheme, the ozone tail gas generated in the advanced treatment is collected and then discharged into the ozone tail gas decomposition device for treatment.
本发明的各工艺原理如下:Each technological principle of the present invention is as follows:
a.吸附混凝:a. Adsorption coagulation:
垃圾渗滤液首先进入调节池调节水质、均衡水量后进入吸附池,在吸附池中投加一定量的吸附剂,反应完全后出水进入混凝池中,在混凝剂和助凝剂-的作用下,进行混凝反应,吸附池与混凝池中的沉淀物经过泵与管道送入污泥浓缩池中。The landfill leachate first enters the regulating tank to adjust the water quality and balance the water volume, and then enters the adsorption tank. A certain amount of adsorbent is added to the adsorption tank. After the reaction is complete, the effluent enters the coagulation tank. Next, the coagulation reaction is carried out, and the sediment in the adsorption tank and the coagulation tank is sent to the sludge thickening tank through pumps and pipelines.
b.厌氧处理(同步反硝化产甲烷化处理):b. Anaerobic treatment (simultaneous denitrification and methanation treatment):
经过吸附混凝处理后的垃圾渗滤液与厌氧氨氧化反应池的回流液混合后,进入厌氧反应池,控制pH在7-8,温度为30-35℃,混合液与底部污泥接触后,首先进行反硝化,乙酸等挥发性脂肪酸可作为反硝化的有机碳源,去除厌氧氨氧化回流液中的硝态氮,提高了系统的总氮去除率,同时产生大量的碱度;然后在膨胀颗粒污泥中产酸菌作用下将渗滤液中的大分子有机物水解酸化为小分子有机物,接着经过厌氧菌、兼氧菌的吸附、发酵、产甲烷的共同作用将其分解成甲烷或二氧化碳;携带沼气的液体上升到顶部经三相分离器后,污泥落回反应区,沼气输送至沼气储罐中,水部分进行内回流,部分作为出水流出。The landfill leachate after adsorption coagulation treatment is mixed with the reflux liquid of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction tank, and then enters the anaerobic reaction tank, the pH is controlled at 7-8, the temperature is 30-35 ° C, and the mixed solution is in contact with the bottom sludge Finally, denitrification is carried out first. Volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid can be used as organic carbon sources for denitrification to remove nitrate nitrogen in the anammox reflux liquid, which improves the total nitrogen removal rate of the system and produces a large amount of alkalinity; Then, under the action of acid-producing bacteria in the expanded granular sludge, the macromolecular organic matter in the leachate is hydrolyzed and acidified into small molecular organic matter, and then decomposed into methane through the combined action of anaerobic and facultative bacteria adsorption, fermentation, and methanogenic Or carbon dioxide; the liquid carrying biogas rises to the top and passes through the three-phase separator, the sludge falls back to the reaction area, the biogas is transported to the biogas storage tank, part of the water is internally refluxed, and part of it flows out as effluent.
c.短程硝化:c. Short-range nitrification:
经过同步反硝化产甲烷处理后的渗滤液部分进入A/O短程硝化反应池的缺氧区,进一步去除有机物后流入好氧区,控制好氧区内pH在7.5-8.0,温度为25-30℃,随后启动曝气和搅拌系统,维持反应过程中的DO为2.0mg/L左右,使硝化过程停止在亚硝酸盐阶段,根据在线氨氮电极实时监控反应池内的氨氮浓度,并通过PLC系统及时调整进水氨氮负荷,使反应池中的平均FA(游离氨)低于10mg/L,通过FA抑制和实时控制使短程硝化实现95%以上的亚硝酸氮累积率。Part of the leachate after simultaneous denitrification and methane production enters the anoxic zone of the A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank, further removes organic matter, and then flows into the aerobic zone. The pH in the aerobic zone is controlled at 7.5-8.0 and the temperature is 25-30 ℃, then start the aeration and stirring system, maintain the DO in the reaction process at about 2.0mg/L, stop the nitrification process at the nitrite stage, and monitor the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the reaction tank in real time according to the online ammonia nitrogen electrode, and through the PLC system in time Adjust the ammonia nitrogen load in the influent so that the average FA (free ammonia) in the reaction tank is lower than 10mg/L. Through FA inhibition and real-time control, the short-term nitrification can achieve a nitrite nitrogen accumulation rate of more than 95%.
d.厌氧氨氧化:d. Anammox:
经短程硝化处理后的渗滤液进入厌氧氨氧化UASB反应器,与集水池Ⅱ中的厌氧处理液按一定比例混合后,由安装在进水口的在线NO2 --N电极、NH4 +-N电极进行实时监测,使进水NO2 --N/NH4 +-N=1.32,运行温度控制在35℃,上升流速为1-2m/h,在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的作用下进行反应,可使NO2 --N、NH4 +-N的去除率达到90%以上,并经反应器顶部的三相分离器进行泥水分离。The leachate after short-cut nitrification treatment enters the anaerobic ammonium oxidation UASB reactor, and after mixing with the anaerobic treatment solution in the sump II in a certain proportion, the online NO 2 - -N electrode installed at the water inlet, NH 4 + The -N electrode is used for real-time monitoring, so that the influent NO 2 - -N/NH 4 + -N=1.32, the operating temperature is controlled at 35°C, and the rising flow rate is 1-2m/h. The reaction can be carried out under low temperature, so that the removal rate of NO 2 - -N and NH 4 + -N can reach more than 90%, and the mud and water are separated by the three-phase separator at the top of the reactor.
e.深度处理:e. Advanced processing:
厌氧氨氧化反应池的出水进入零浓缩液深度处理系统,包括二级混凝池、第一均相催化臭氧氧化反应池、MBR膜反应池、第二臭氧氧化反应池。厌氧氨氧化反应器的出水进入絮凝沉淀池,在混凝剂和絮凝剂的作用下使部分大分子的难降解有机物、金属离子以沉淀物形式去除,沉淀后,上清液进入一级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池,在液体催化剂作用下,利用臭氧的强氧化性,使垃圾渗滤液中的难降解有机物得以降解为易生物降解的有机物,改善其可生化性;出水进入MBR膜反应池,在MBR反应池中设计浸没式MBR膜处理装置,进行硝化与反硝化反应,进一步去除有机物、氨氮等污染物,其内置或外置的膜组件,进行高效地固液分离,降低出水中污染物质浓度;出水进入二级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池,降解废水中残留的少量难生化有机物,同时具有脱色、除臭等作用,使出水稳定达标。The effluent from the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction tank enters the zero concentrate advanced treatment system, including the secondary coagulation tank, the first homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation reaction tank, the MBR membrane reaction tank, and the second ozone oxidation reaction tank. The effluent from the anammox reactor enters the flocculation sedimentation tank, and under the action of coagulants and flocculants, part of the macromolecular refractory organic matter and metal ions are removed in the form of precipitates. After precipitation, the supernatant enters the first-stage homogenizer Phase-catalyzed ozone oxidation reaction tank, under the action of a liquid catalyst, utilizes the strong oxidizing properties of ozone to degrade the refractory organic matter in landfill leachate into easily biodegradable organic matter, improving its biodegradability; the effluent enters the MBR membrane reaction pool , design a submerged MBR membrane treatment device in the MBR reaction tank to carry out nitrification and denitrification reactions, and further remove organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and other pollutants. The built-in or external membrane modules can efficiently separate solids and liquids and reduce the pollution of effluent water Substance concentration; the effluent enters the secondary homogeneous catalytic ozonation reaction tank to degrade a small amount of refractory organic matter remaining in the wastewater, and at the same time has the functions of decolorization and deodorization, so that the effluent can reach the standard stably.
本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明主体生物工艺采用“厌氧EGSB反应器+A/O短程硝化反应池+UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器”处理工艺,充分结合厌氧EGSB高效去除COD、A/O池累积亚硝酸盐、厌氧氨氧化去除总氮的优势,使本发明具有不需外加碳源、曝气能耗低、脱氮效率高、系统运行稳定、剩余污泥产量少等优点;1) The main biological process of the present invention adopts the treatment process of "anaerobic EGSB reactor + A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank + UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor", which is fully combined with anaerobic EGSB to efficiently remove COD and accumulated nitrous acid in A/O pool The advantages of salt and anaerobic ammonium oxidation to remove total nitrogen make the present invention have the advantages of no need for additional carbon source, low aeration energy consumption, high nitrogen removal efficiency, stable system operation, and less excess sludge output;
2)本发明的深度处理工艺采用“絮凝沉淀池+一级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池+MBR反应池+二级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池”工艺,完全实现零浓缩液排放,解决了传统纳滤、反渗透等膜处理无法避免的浓缩液难处置问题;2) The advanced treatment process of the present invention adopts the process of "flocculation sedimentation tank + first-level homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation reaction tank + MBR reaction tank + second-level homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation reaction tank" to completely realize zero concentrated liquid discharge and solve the problem of traditional Nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and other membrane treatment cannot avoid the problem of difficult disposal of concentrated liquid;
3)本发明的厌氧处理系统产生的沼气输送至沼气储罐,提纯后,燃烧,用于加热所述短程硝化处理、厌氧氨氧化处理单元,剩余热量用于发电,提供全厂的使用电量,实现能源自给;3) The biogas produced by the anaerobic treatment system of the present invention is transported to the biogas storage tank, purified, and burned to heat the short-range nitrification treatment and anammox treatment unit, and the remaining heat is used for power generation to provide the use of the whole plant electricity to achieve energy self-sufficiency;
4)本发明采用PLC控制系统,可实现对主体生物工艺的运行条件进行实时控制,保证处理工艺的稳定运行;4) The present invention adopts a PLC control system, which can realize real-time control of the operating conditions of the main biological process and ensure the stable operation of the treatment process;
5)本发明的第一、第二催化臭氧氧化反应池中,加入液体催化剂(Mn2+、Ag+)促进臭氧在水中的分解反应,产生更多的活性自由基,大幅度地提高了渗滤液中COD的去除率,且消耗的臭氧剂量大大减少;5) In the first and second catalytic ozonation reaction tanks of the present invention, liquid catalysts (Mn 2+ , Ag + ) are added to promote the decomposition reaction of ozone in water, generate more active free radicals, and greatly increase the penetration rate. The removal rate of COD in the filtrate is greatly reduced, and the amount of ozone consumed is greatly reduced;
6)本发明的臭氧深度处理产生的臭氧尾气,收集后进入臭氧尾气分解装置处理后排放,避免了对环境产生危害。6) The ozone tail gas produced by the advanced ozone treatment of the present invention is collected and discharged into an ozone tail gas decomposition device for treatment, thereby avoiding harm to the environment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺流程示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow of the present invention;
图2是本发明的主体生化处理工艺的PLC控制系统示意框图;Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram of the PLC control system of main body biochemical treatment process of the present invention;
图3是本发明的主体生化处理工艺的厌氧反应的PLC在线控制流程图;Fig. 3 is the PLC online control flowchart of the anaerobic reaction of main body biochemical treatment process of the present invention;
图4是本发明的主体生化处理工艺的短程硝化反应的PLC在线控制流程图;Fig. 4 is the PLC online control flowchart of the short-range nitrification reaction of main body biochemical treatment process of the present invention;
图5是本发明的主体生化处理工艺的厌氧氨氧化反应的PLC在线控制流程图。Fig. 5 is a PLC online control flow chart of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction of the main biochemical treatment process of the present invention.
图中:1、调节池;2、吸附池;3、混凝池;4、集水池I;5、厌氧EGSB反应器;6、A/O短程硝化反应池;7、集水池II;8、UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器;9、混凝沉淀池;10、第一均相催化臭氧氧化反应池;11、MBR膜反应池;12、第二臭氧氧化反应池;F1、沼气储罐;F2、污泥浓缩池;F3、离心脱水机;F4、臭氧尾气分解装置。In the figure: 1. Regulating tank; 2. Adsorption tank; 3. Coagulation tank; 4. Water collection tank I; 5. Anaerobic EGSB reactor; 6. A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank; 7. Water collection tank II; 8 , UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor; 9, coagulation sedimentation tank; 10, the first homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation reaction tank; 11, MBR membrane reaction tank; 12, the second ozone oxidation reaction tank; F1, biogas storage tank; F2, sludge thickening tank; F3, centrifugal dehydrator; F4, ozone tail gas decomposition device.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明提供一种垃圾渗滤液处理的组合工艺(见图1至图5),包括如下具体步骤:The present invention provides a combined process for landfill leachate treatment (see Figures 1 to 5), comprising the following specific steps:
1)吸附混凝预处理:1) Adsorption coagulation pretreatment:
垃圾渗滤液首先进入调节池1调节水质、均衡水量后进入吸附池2,在吸附池中投加一定量的吸附剂(粉煤灰等廉价的吸附剂),开启搅拌设备,调至合理转速,进行吸附处理,反应完全后,停止搅拌,静置,吸附池出水进入混凝池3中,在所述混凝池3中投加一定量的混凝剂(聚合硫酸铁等高聚混凝剂)和助凝剂PAM,调节pH至7.5-8.5(pH调整剂采用石灰)将搅拌设备调节至合理转速,进行混凝处理,在搅拌反应一定时间后,静止,打开所述混凝池3的出水,所述吸附池2与混凝池3中的沉淀物经过泵与管道送入污泥浓缩池中,通过吸附混凝预处理可去除大部分悬浮态有机物和悬浮物,降低重金属浓度,提高可生化性;The landfill leachate first enters the adjustment tank 1 to adjust the water quality and balance the water volume, and then enters the adsorption tank 2. Add a certain amount of adsorbent (fly ash and other cheap adsorbents) into the adsorption tank, turn on the stirring equipment, and adjust it to a reasonable speed. Carry out adsorption treatment, after the reaction is complete, stop stirring, leave standstill, the effluent of the adsorption tank enters in the coagulation tank 3, and in the coagulation tank 3, add a certain amount of coagulant (high polymerization coagulant such as polyferric sulfate) ) and coagulant PAM, adjust the pH to 7.5-8.5 (pH regulator adopts lime) and adjust the stirring equipment to a reasonable speed, carry out coagulation treatment, after stirring for a certain period of time, stop, open the coagulation tank 3 effluent, the sediment in the adsorption tank 2 and the coagulation tank 3 is sent to the sludge thickening tank through pumps and pipelines, and most of the suspended organic matter and suspended matter can be removed through adsorption coagulation pretreatment, reducing the concentration of heavy metals and improving Biodegradability;
2)厌氧处理(同步反硝化产甲烷处理):2) Anaerobic treatment (simultaneous denitrification methane treatment):
经过吸附混凝处理后的垃圾渗滤液与UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8的回流液在集水池I4混合后,进入厌氧EGSB反应器5的布水区,碱液罐通过带加药泵的碱液管与进水口相连通,通过PLC系统调控及时补充碱度,控制反应器内pH在7-8,反应器外设有水浴夹层,维持温度在30-35℃,上升流速为1-6m/h,混合液与底部污泥接触后,首先进行反硝化,乙酸等挥发性脂肪酸可作为反硝化的有机碳源,去除厌氧氨氧化回流液中的硝态氮,提高了系统的总氮去除率,同时产生大量的碱度;然后在膨胀颗粒污泥中产酸菌作用下将渗滤液中的大分子有机物水解酸化为小分子有机物,接着经过厌氧菌、兼氧菌的吸附、发酵、产甲烷的共同作用将其分解成甲烷或二氧化碳;携带沼气的液体上升到顶部经三相分离器后,污泥落回反应区,沼气输送至沼气储罐F1中,水部分进入厌氧EGSB侧壁上的内回流出口,经过带有内回流泵的内回流管进行内回流,另一部分作为出水流出,40-45%出水进入集水池Ⅱ6中;The landfill leachate after adsorption coagulation treatment is mixed with the reflux liquid of UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8 in sump I4, and then enters the water distribution area of anaerobic EGSB reactor 5, and the lye tank passes through the The lye pipe is connected to the water inlet, and the alkalinity is replenished in time through the PLC system control, and the pH inside the reactor is controlled at 7-8. There is a water bath interlayer outside the reactor, the temperature is maintained at 30-35°C, and the rising flow rate is 1-6m /h, after the mixed solution is in contact with the bottom sludge, denitrification is carried out first, and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid can be used as organic carbon sources for denitrification to remove nitrate nitrogen in the anammox reflux liquid and increase the total nitrogen of the system At the same time, a large amount of alkalinity is generated; then, under the action of acid-producing bacteria in the expanded granular sludge, the macromolecular organic matter in the leachate is hydrolyzed and acidified into small molecular organic matter, followed by the adsorption of anaerobic and facultative bacteria, fermentation, The joint action of methane production decomposes it into methane or carbon dioxide; the liquid carrying biogas rises to the top and passes through the three-phase separator, the sludge falls back to the reaction area, and the biogas is transported to the biogas storage tank F1, and the water part enters the anaerobic EGSB side The internal return outlet on the wall is used for internal return through the internal return pipe with the internal return pump, and the other part flows out as effluent, and 40-45% of the effluent enters the sump II6;
3)短程硝化处理:3) Short-range nitrification treatment:
经过同步反硝化产甲烷处理后的渗滤液55-60%进入A/O短程硝化反应池6的缺氧区,进一步去除有机物后进入好氧区,控制好氧区内pH在7.5-8.0,温度为25-30℃,随后打开搅拌设备,启动由曝气头、鼓风机、气体流量传感器以及空气调节阀组成的曝气系统,维持反应过程中的DO为2mg/L左右,根据在线氨氮电极实时监控反应池内的氨氮浓度,并通过PLC系统调控进水氨氮负荷,使反应池中的平均FA低于10mg/L,通过FA抑制和实时控制使短程硝化实现95%以上的亚硝酸氮累积率,出水泵入所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8中;55-60% of the leachate after synchronous denitrification and methane production enters the anoxic zone of the A/O short-range nitrification reaction pool 6, further removes organic matter and then enters the aerobic zone. The pH in the aerobic zone is controlled at 7.5-8.0, the temperature 25-30 ℃, then turn on the stirring equipment, start the aeration system consisting of aeration head, blower, gas flow sensor and air control valve, maintain the DO in the reaction process at about 2mg/L, according to the real-time monitoring of the online ammonia nitrogen electrode The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the reaction tank, and the load of ammonia nitrogen in the influent is regulated through the PLC system, so that the average FA in the reaction tank is lower than 10mg/L. Through FA inhibition and real-time control, the short-term nitrification can achieve a nitrite nitrogen accumulation rate of more than 95%. Water is pumped into the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8;
4)厌氧氨氧化处理:4) Anammox treatment:
经所述短程硝化处理后的渗滤液进入所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8,与所述集水池II7中的厌氧处理液按体积比1:1混合,由安装在进水口的在线NO2 --N电极、NH4 +-N电极进行实时监测,使进水NO2 --N/NH4 +-N=1.32,当NO2 --N/NH4 +-N>1.32时,通过PLC系统控制适当增加从所述集水池II7中进入所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8的流量,相反,当NO2 --N/NH4 +-N<1.32时,适当降低从所述集水池II7中进入厌氧氨氧化反应器的流量,运行温度控制在35℃,上升流速为1-2m/h,ORP范围为-200mV-50mV,在厌氧氨氧化菌的作用下进行反应,可使NO2 --N、NH4 +-N的去除率达到90%以上,并经反应器顶部的三相分离器进行泥水分离;The leachate after the short-cut nitrification treatment enters the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8, and is mixed with the anaerobic treatment liquid in the sump II7 at a volume ratio of 1:1, and the online NO 2 - -N electrodes, NH 4 + -N electrodes for real-time monitoring, so that the influent NO 2 - -N/NH 4 + -N=1.32, when NO 2 - -N/NH 4 + -N>1.32, pass The PLC system controls to appropriately increase the flow from the sump II7 into the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8, on the contrary, when NO 2 - -N/NH 4 + -N<1.32, appropriately reduce the For the flow rate entering the anammox reactor in pool II7, the operating temperature is controlled at 35°C, the ascending flow rate is 1-2m/h, and the ORP range is -200mV-50mV. The reaction is carried out under the action of anammox bacteria, which can Make the removal rate of NO 2 - -N and NH 4 + -N more than 90%, and separate the mud and water through the three-phase separator at the top of the reactor;
5)深度处理:5) Deep processing:
厌氧氨氧化反应器的出水进入零浓缩液深度处理系统,包括混凝沉淀池9、一级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池10、MBR膜反应池11、二级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池12,所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8的出水进入所述混凝沉淀池9,在混凝剂(聚合氯化铝,50-1000mg/L)和絮凝剂(PAM,5-20mg/L)的作用下,使部分大分子的难降解有机物、金属离子以沉淀物形式去除,降低了渗滤液中的COD浓度并去除了毒性,采用斜板沉淀的形式进行沉淀,上清液进入所述一级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池10,在液体催化剂(一般为金属过渡离子,Mn2+、Ag+等)作用下,利用臭氧的强氧化性,使垃圾渗滤液中的难降解有机物得以降解为易生物降解的有机物,改善其可生化性;出水进入所述MBR膜反应池11,在所述MBR膜反应池11中采用浸没式MBR膜处理装置,进行硝化与反硝化反应,进一步去除COD、BOD、氨氮等,其内置或外置的膜组件,进行高效地固液分离;出水进入所述二级均相催化臭氧氧化反应池12,降解废水中残留的少量难生化COD,同时具有脱色、除臭等作用,使出水稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。The effluent from the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor enters the zero concentrate advanced treatment system, including the coagulation sedimentation tank 9, the first-stage homogeneous catalytic ozonation reaction tank 10, the MBR membrane reaction tank 11, and the second-level homogeneous catalytic ozonation reaction tank 12 , the effluent of the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8 enters the coagulation sedimentation tank 9, in the coagulant (polyaluminum chloride, 50-1000mg/L) and flocculant (PAM, 5-20mg/L) Under the action of the filter, part of the macromolecular refractory organic matter and metal ions are removed in the form of precipitates, which reduces the COD concentration in the leachate and removes the toxicity. Precipitation is carried out in the form of inclined plate precipitation, and the supernatant enters the one The level homogeneous catalytic ozonation reaction tank 10, under the action of a liquid catalyst (generally metal transition ions, Mn 2+ , Ag + , etc.), utilizes the strong oxidizing property of ozone to degrade the refractory organic matter in landfill leachate into Easily biodegradable organic matter, improve its biodegradability; Outlet water enters described MBR membrane reaction tank 11, adopts submerged MBR membrane treatment device in described MBR membrane reaction tank 11, carries out nitrification and denitrification reaction, further removes COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, etc., its built-in or external membrane module can efficiently separate solid-liquid; the effluent enters the secondary homogeneous catalytic ozonation reaction tank 12 to degrade a small amount of refractory COD remaining in the wastewater, and has the functions of decolorization, Deodorization and other functions, so that the effluent can stably meet the discharge standards of the "Pollution Control Standards for Domestic Waste Landfill Sites" (GB16889-2008).
进一步地,在所述厌氧EGSB反应器5前回流管道上安装有第一液体流量传感器,反应器中部设有第一温度传感器、液体流速计、第一pH电极,A/O短程硝化反应池的进水口前设有第二液体流量传感器,在所述A/O短程硝化反应池6好氧区中设有第二温度传感器、DO电极、第二pH电极、第一氨氮电极,曝气管道上设气体流量传感器;在所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8前的连接集水池Ⅱ的进水管道上设有第三液体流量传感器,在所述UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器8中设有第三温度传感器、第三pH电极、ORP电极、第二NH4 +-N电极、NO2 --N电极;上述装置将检测到的信号传递给PLC控制系统,并显示于人机界面上,根据运行程序计算得到实时控制变量,对电动阀和泵等部件进行调控,从而保证工艺的平稳运行。主体生化处理工艺的PLC控制系统示意框图、主体生化处理工艺的厌氧反应的PLC在线控制流程图、主体生化处理工艺的短程硝化反应的PLC在线控制流程图、以及主体生化处理工艺的厌氧氨氧化反应的PLC在线控制流程图分别见图2至图5所示。Further, a first liquid flow sensor is installed on the return pipe before the anaerobic EGSB reactor 5, and the middle part of the reactor is provided with a first temperature sensor, a liquid flow meter, a first pH electrode, and an A/O short-range nitrification reaction pool A second liquid flow sensor is provided before the water inlet, and a second temperature sensor, a DO electrode, a second pH electrode, a first ammonia nitrogen electrode, and an aeration pipeline are arranged in the 6 aerobic zones of the A/O short-range nitrification reaction tank. A gas flow sensor is provided on the top; a third liquid flow sensor is provided on the water inlet pipe connecting the sump II before the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8, and a third liquid flow sensor is provided in the UASB anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor 8 The third temperature sensor, the third pH electrode, the ORP electrode, the second NH 4 + -N electrode, and the NO 2 - -N electrode; the above devices transmit the detected signals to the PLC control system and display them on the man-machine interface, Real-time control variables are calculated according to the operating program, and components such as electric valves and pumps are regulated to ensure the smooth operation of the process. Schematic block diagram of the PLC control system of the main biochemical treatment process, the PLC online control flow chart of the anaerobic reaction of the main biochemical treatment process, the PLC online control flow chart of the short-range nitrification reaction of the main biochemical treatment process, and the anaerobic ammonia reaction of the main biochemical treatment process The PLC online control flow charts of the oxidation reaction are shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 respectively.
通过上述步骤,本发明在实施过程中可能会产生二次污染,包括厌氧处理过程产生的沼气、系统产生的剩余污泥以及深度处理残余的臭氧;正如上述所述,将厌氧产生的沼气输送至沼气储罐F1,提纯后,燃烧处理,用于加热所述短程硝化处理、厌氧氨氧化处理单元,剩余热量可用于发电,可提供全厂的使用电量,实现能源自给;所述集水池I4、厌氧EGSB反应器5和深度处理系统产生的剩余污泥泵入污泥浓缩池F2、经过离心脱水机F3进行固化后,滤液回流至所述吸附池2,固化污泥外运填埋处理或焚烧处理;所述深度处理残余的臭氧气体,经过收集后进入臭氧尾气分解装置F4,经催化分解后排放。Through the above steps, the present invention may produce secondary pollution during the implementation process, including the biogas produced by the anaerobic treatment process, the remaining sludge generated by the system, and the residual ozone from advanced treatment; as mentioned above, the biogas produced by anaerobic transported to the biogas storage tank F1, purified, and burned to heat the short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation treatment units, and the remaining heat can be used for power generation, which can provide the electricity used by the whole plant and realize energy self-sufficiency; The remaining sludge produced by the pool I4, the anaerobic EGSB reactor 5 and the advanced treatment system is pumped into the sludge thickening tank F2, and after being solidified by the centrifugal dehydrator F3, the filtrate is returned to the adsorption tank 2, and the solidified sludge is transported and filled. Buried treatment or incineration treatment; the residual ozone gas after the advanced treatment is collected and enters the ozone tail gas decomposition device F4, and is discharged after catalytic decomposition.
以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的相关技术人员应当理解:可以对本发明进行修改或者同等替换,但不脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改和局部替换均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or replaced without departing from the present invention. Any modifications and partial substitutions in the spirit and scope shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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