CN105772719B - 一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3d打印方法 - Google Patents
一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3d打印方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105772719B CN105772719B CN201610010348.8A CN201610010348A CN105772719B CN 105772719 B CN105772719 B CN 105772719B CN 201610010348 A CN201610010348 A CN 201610010348A CN 105772719 B CN105772719 B CN 105772719B
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- powder
- gas
- coaxial
- printing
- silk
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000843 powders Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004615 ingredients Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001308 nitrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
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- 239000000919 ceramics Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound 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[Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- B22F10/10—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Description
_种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于电弧加工技术领域,特别是一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置及 其方法,可实现丝-粉-气-电弧同轴添加功能,适用于金属材料的焊接、表面改性、修复、增 材制造等。
背景技术
[0002] 电弧送丝增材制造技术(Wire+Arc Additive Manufacture-WAAM)是利用电弧堆 焊原理将金属丝材熔化,在计算机的控制下直接制造全密度三维金属零件的工艺方法。与 铸造技术和机械加工方法等传统方法相比,电弧送丝增材制造技术的工序简化、材料利用 率提高、生产成本降低、机械加工难度低,同时可以控制零件中的宏观缺陷以及成分偏析, 后续加工工序简化,适用于新型产品快速研制以及批量生产。
[0003] 查找现有的电弧送丝增材制造技术的相关技术,电弧增材制造一般包括:同轴或 旁轴送丝电弧3D打印和送粉等离子弧3D打印,而没有丝粉同轴添加。通过单一的送丝方式 实现电弧增材制造,其生产的产品的成分受丝材成分的限制,即产品成分不可设计。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置及其方法,具备送 丝-添粉-加气保-热源四项同步同轴进行的功能,适用于金属材料的焊接、修复、表面处理 和增材制造等。
[0005] 实现本发明目的的技术方案为:
[0006] —种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置,包括:
[0007] —熔化极气体保护焊枪;
[0008] —气粉同轴传送装置,其内设有与非熔化极气体保护焊枪同轴的螺旋气粉罩,螺 旋气粉罩内开有与熔化极气体保护焊枪紧固连接的螺纹;
[0009] 气粉同轴传送装置内、螺旋气粉罩外设有与螺旋气粉罩外壁相切的η个送粉送气 通道,分别为第一送气送粉通道与第二送气送粉通道;
[0010] 所述的第一送气送粉通道分别开有第一送气口与第一送粉口;第η送气送粉通道 分别开有η个送气口与η个送粉口;
[0011] 所述的螺旋气粉罩的内壁开有螺旋气粉槽。
[0012] 如上所述的气粉传送装置有η条气粉传送通道,η—般取2〜8,且各通道沿螺旋气 粉罩圆周方向上均匀分布;
[0013] 如上所述的螺旋气粉槽为变螺线-变螺距-变截面结构,螺旋气粉槽包括η螺旋槽、 大截面单螺旋槽、小截面单螺旋槽,槽为半圆槽;螺旋气粉槽顶端靠近气粉通道入口处为η 螺旋结构的η螺旋槽,槽直径为4mm〜7mm,且所述的η螺旋结构为η+1圈;
[0014] 所述的η个气粉通道连通分别处于两相邻的η螺旋槽处;
[0015] 与所述的η螺旋槽相连的为大截面单螺旋槽,槽直径为7mm〜12mm;与大截面单螺 旋槽相连的为小截面单螺旋槽,槽直径为4mm〜7mm。
[0016] 如上所述的螺旋气粉槽从顶部到低部,其螺纹升角逐渐趋于平角,螺旋气粉槽螺 纹升角为0°〜60°;螺旋气粉槽在螺旋气粉罩出口的螺纹升角为0°〜5°。
[0017] 如上所述的一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置,其特征在于,所述的螺旋气粉 罩采用耐热材料S i C陶瓷制造。
[0018] 如上所述的送粉口和送气口上均分别装有送粉调速器和气体流量计。
[0019] 如上所述的螺旋气粉罩的气粉出口呈缩颈状,且缩颈面的延长线指向电弧中心。
[0020] 如上所述的熔化极气体保护焊枪外侧用SiC陶瓷制造隔热材料包裹,所述的熔化 极气体保护焊枪,其外侧上部加工的螺纹长度至少为其直径的两倍。
[0021] 一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印的方法,包括步骤如下:
[0022] 步骤1,根据3D打印钢制品的目标合金成分,确定铁元素含量WFe%;选择低碳钢焊 丝作为送丝原料;
[0023] 根据3D打印钢制品的目标合金成分,确定所需的作为送粉原料的合金粉末中合金 元素i的含量Wif %比,经修正关系式Wif修正% ^Wif % X (l+μί+ξ)修正后得到送粉原料中合 金元素i含量的修正值Wif修正% ;将啊€修正%比转化成送粉原料的含量比Ct1:α2:α3…:a」,其中 yi为烧损系数,yi = 〇. 2 %〜5 %,ξ为散射飞派损失系数,ξ = 2 %〜8 %,送粉原料包括j种原 料粉末,j为2-8,送粉原料的合金粉末中的合金元素不为铁;
[0024] 步骤2,根据关系式W1 % : W2%Wj% : WFe% = Ct1:α2:α3…:α」:β,确定送入熔池的送 粉原料与送丝原料的质量比αι: α2: ar··: Qj: β,设进入恪池中的原料粉末j的质量= Vf j X At,设进入熔池中的送丝原料质量
其中Vfj为原料粉末j的送粉速率, 单位为g/min; Vs为送丝速率,单位为m/min; d为送丝原料直径,单位为m; P为送丝原料密度, 单位为g/m3; A t为时间,单位为min;
[0025] 步骤3,由关系式
,确定送 粉速率Vf与送丝速率Vs参数匹配关系
;得简 化公式Vfl:Vf2.":Vfj: (KXVs)
[0026] 步骤4,选取送丝送率Vs为1.5m/min〜12m/min,根据公式Vfi:Vf2··· :Vfj: (KXVs)= Ct1: a2: a3…:a」:β,得出各原料粉末j的送粉速率Vf j;
[0027] 步骤5,启动3D打印的装置,根据步骤4确定的送粉速率Vfj和送丝送率Vs,在气粉同 轴传送装置上调节送气速率和送粉速率Vf」,在调节熔化极气体保护焊枪上调节保护气 速率V气〇和送丝送率Vs,进行焊接;
[0028] 步骤6,根据目标钢制品形状尺寸确定3D打印路线,以焊接速率V进行堆焊,每一层 堆焊完时,将焊枪提高一个层厚,重复堆焊过程最终获得高氮钢制品。
[0029] 如上送气速率V旬与焊枪保护气速率V气ο满足V%〜hh = 15〜40L/min。
[0030] 优选的,焊接速率V为3〜16mm/s。
[0031] 本发明与现有技术相比其显著优点是:
[0032] 1、利用本发明所提供的装置进行电弧3D打印,原料粉末无需通过球磨混合处理, 直接通过气粉同轴传送装置添加,节约合金粉末预处理时间,提供打印效率。
[0033] 2、本发明所提供的螺旋气粉罩内壁镗有螺纹槽,且其螺旋线可为变螺线变螺距变 截面结构或定螺线定螺距定截面结构,有助于合金粉末的均匀混合,减少气粉流流出时散 射造成的损失。
[0034] 3、本发明所提供的装置所述的同轴螺旋气粉罩内壁靠近气粉通道的螺纹槽为多 螺旋线结构,且气粉通道分别处在两相邻的螺旋槽处,可有效避免粉末堵塞气粉通道口。
[0035] 5、本发明提供的装置可以实现丝-粉-气-电弧同轴功能,利用本装置进行增材制 造,其制品成分可设计,且在实施过程中可调,拓宽了电弧增材制造的应用前景。
附图说明
[0036] 图1为本发明丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置的结构示意图
[0037] 图2为丝-粉-气-电弧同轴的3D打印装置的纵向剖视图;
[0038] 图3为η送粉送气通道的截面剖视图。
[0039] 图4为本发明两送粉送气通道的截面剖视图。
[0040] 图5为本发明四送粉送气通道的截面剖视图。
[0041] 图6为本发明八送粉送气通道的截面剖视图
[0042] 其中,1为第一通道送气口,2为第一送粉通道口,3为螺旋气粉罩,4为第二通道送 气口,5为第二通道送粉口,6为螺旋气粉槽,7为熔化极气体保护焊枪。
具体实施方式
[0043] 下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明所述的一种电弧3D打印装置及其方法作进 一步描述。
[0044] 如图2所述本发明采用一种丝-粉-气-电弧同轴3D打印装置,包括:
[0045] 一熔化极气体保护焊枪7;
[0046] —双通同轴传送装置,其内设有与非熔化极气体保护焊枪3同轴的螺旋气粉罩3, 螺旋气粉罩3内开有与熔化极气体保护焊枪7紧固连接的螺纹;
[0047] 双通气粉同轴传送装置内、螺旋气粉罩3外设有与螺旋气粉罩3外壁相切的两个送 粉送气通道,分别为第一送气送粉通道与第二送气送粉通道;
[0048] 第一送气送粉通道分别开有第一送气口 1与第一送粉口 2;第二送气送粉通道分别 开有第二送气口 3与第二送粉口 4;
[0049] 螺旋气粉罩3的内壁开有螺旋气粉槽6。
[0050] 螺旋气粉槽6为变螺线-变螺距-变截面结构,螺旋气粉槽6包括双螺旋槽、大截面 单螺旋槽、小截面单螺旋槽,槽为半圆槽;螺旋气粉槽6顶端靠近气粉通道入口处为双螺旋 结构的双螺旋槽,槽直径为4mm〜7mm,且双螺旋结构至少有三圈;
[0051] 两个气粉通道连通两相邻的双螺旋槽处;
[0052] 与双螺旋槽相连的为大截面单螺旋槽,槽宽直径为7mm〜12mm;与大截面单螺旋槽 相连的为小截面单螺旋槽,槽直径为4_〜7_。
[0053] 螺旋气粉槽6从顶到低,其螺纹升角逐渐趋于平角,螺旋气粉槽6螺纹升角为0°〜 60°;螺旋气粉槽6在螺旋气粉罩3出口的螺纹升角为0°〜-5°。
[0054] 螺旋气粉罩3采用耐热材料S i C陶瓷制造。
[0055] 第一送气口 1、第一送粉口 2、第二送气口 3和第二送粉口 4;上均分别装有送粉调速 器和气体流量计。
[0056] 螺旋气粉罩3的气粉出口呈缩颈状,且缩颈面的延长线指向电弧中心。
[0057] 所述的熔化极气体保护焊枪7外侧用SiC陶瓷制造隔热材料包裹,所述的熔化极气 体保护焊枪7,其外侧上部加工的螺纹长度至少为其直径的两倍。
[0058] 本发明还可以采用如图5所述的四个送气送粉通道的装置,如图6所述的八个送气 送粉通道的装置。
[0059] 实施例1
[0060] 利用上述装置,采用氮弧和氮化物3D打印高氮钢制品的方法制备高氮钢构件,其 尺寸为I OOrnrn X I OOrnrn X 40mm,由20层堆焊层构成,每层高为2mm,每层焊缝由7道焊缝组成。
[0061] 表1目标高氮钢的化学成分要求(%)
[0062]
[0063] 表2 H08Mn2SiA焊丝化学成分(%)
[0064]
[0065] 采用氮弧送丝增材制造的方法进行设定层高氮钢的堆焊成形,同时利用氮气送粉 向熔池中添加氮化物合金粉末。通过控制3D打印的参数匹配,可获得不同氮含量的高氮钢 打印层。每层堆焊完成时,焊枪提高一个层厚,重复堆焊获得高氮钢制品。采用氮化物合金 粉末与普通钢焊丝同步同轴添粉送丝的方式,实现在常压下利用普通钢焊丝-氮化物合金 粉末-氮弧复合技术3D打印高氮钢制品。
[0066] 增氮原理为,一方面,填充丝材在氮弧中燃烧并熔化,形成熔滴,氮弧中的氮进入 熔滴,致使熔滴中氮含量增加,同时氮弧中氮分压较高,可以控制熔池已熔入氮的逸出;另 一方面,氮化物合金粉末在氮弧中加热后熔入熔滴,进一步提高了熔滴的氮含量。氮化物合 金粉末除氮化物外,还配有其他合金元素,如Mn、Cr、Mo等元素,以确保氮以原子形式固溶在 尚氣钢中。
[0067] 采用本发明所述的一种电弧3D打印的方法,其具体步骤为:
[0068] 步骤1,根据3D打印钢制品的目标合金成分,确定铁元素含量WFe%;选择低碳钢焊 丝作为送丝原料;
[0069] 根据3D打印钢制品的目标合金成分,确定所需的作为送粉原料的合金粉末中合金 元素i的含量Wif %比,经修正关系式Wif修正%〜Wif % X (l+μί+ξ)修正后得到粉末中合金元 素i含量的修正值Wif修正% ;将Wif修正%比转化成原料粉末j的含量比Ct1:α2:α3…:α」,可得当 CrN:MnN:Cr:Mn:Mo = 4:4:19:12:1.5时,与钢焊丝配合使用可以打印出高氮钢制品,且高氮 钢制品的理论成分为N: 1.66% ,Mn: 15% ,Cr:22% ,Mo: 1.5%,余量为铁。
[0070] 氮化物合金粉末原料包括:氮化铬粉末、氮化锰粉末、铬粉、金属锰粉、钼粉。目标 高氮钢的成分要求如表1所示。选用H08Mn2Si焊丝作为送丝原料,其化学成分要求如表2所 不。
[0071] 步骤2,根据关系式W1 % : W2 %Wj % : WFe % = Ct1: α2: α3…:aj: β,得到所有原料粉末 与铁粉末的质量比αι:α2:α:τ·· :α」:β,确定送入恪池的氮化络粉末、氮化猛粉末、络粉、金属 猛粉、钼粉质量与焊丝的质量比αι:α2:α3·" :α」:β = 4:4:19:12:1.5:60。
[0072] 步骤3,由关系式
,确定送粉速率Vf 与送丝速率Vs参数匹配关系;
¥得简化公式Vfi:Vf2··· :Vfj: (KXVs) =CX1 = CX2: <^":<^:0。!1〇8]\&123;[焊丝的密度0 = 7.858/0113,直径(1 = 1.6111111,代入计算得1(=15.78区/1]1。
[0073] 步骤4,选取送丝送率Vs为5m/min;根据公式Vfi:Vf2…:Vfj: (KXVs) …: a j: β,得出各原料送粉速率Vf j.
[0074] 步骤5,启动3D打印的装置,在气粉同轴传送装置上调节各通道送粉速率Vfj、送气 速率为V气j = 15L/min,设定恪化极气体保护焊枪的送丝速率为Vs = 5m/min,调节恪化极气 体保护焊枪的保护气速率为V气〇= 15L/min,进行焊接;
[0075] 步骤6,根据目标高氮钢制品形状尺寸确定3D打印路线,焊接速率V取58.3cm/min。 进行堆焊,每一层堆焊完时,将焊枪提高一个层厚,重复堆焊过程,最终由20层高氮钢层叠 加形成高氮钢制品。在高氮钢3D打印制品完成结束焊接时,需先停止送丝添粉,然后再停止 送气,以防止发生粉尘爆炸。
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