CN105737984A - Terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device - Google Patents
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- 238000001328 terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device. In the terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device, femto second laser which is emitted from a femto second laser device is divided into pump light and probe light. Furthermore the pump light and the probe light are transmitted in a hollow photonic crystal fiber. In the terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device, through reasonably selecting central wavelength of a pulse which is output from the femto second laser device, a two-order fiber dispersion which is generated in transmission of a laser pulse in the hollow photonic crystal fiber is a negative value, and the two-order fiber dispersion is neutralized with a positive dispersion which is generated by an optical isolator, a beam splitter, etc. The terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device prevents inconvenience and cost of grating or a pair of prisms for compensating the dispersion. Secondly, because the pulse is basically transmitted in the hollow photonic crystal fiber, the energy of the pulse with pulse width of dozens of femto seconds can reach several hundreds of nanojoules. Furthermore pulse width increase because of self phase modulation is prevented. A high-energy laser pulse is supplied for a terahertz radiation device and a detecting device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz, in particular to a terahertz time-domain spectral radiation and detection device.
Background
Terahertz (THz, 1THz ═ 10)12Hz) frequency band refers to the electromagnetic radiation interval with frequency from 0.1THz to 10THz and wavelength between microwave and infrared light. The terahertz radiation can provide the capability of ultra-fast time resolution spectrum due to the short time scale, can be used for transmitting organisms, dielectric materials, gas-phase substances and other materials, and can obtain information about the components, physical, chemical, biological states and the like of the materials by analyzing the transflective terahertz signals of the sample materials. And the terahertz wave has a wider frequency band and small photon energy, so that the detection substance cannot be damaged, and the terahertz technology can be applied to the fields of imaging, spectral analysis, nondestructive detection, high-speed wireless communication and the like.
In order to miniaturize the terahertz spectrometer system and enhance the stability, a fiber transmission method is generally adopted. The traditional solid optical fiber technology must use a grating or a pair of prisms to carry out dispersion compensation due to dispersion problem; secondly, the maximum pulse energy for terahertz radiation devices and detection devices is limited by pulse broadening due to self-phase modulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a thz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection apparatus with dispersion compensation and high laser pulse transmission efficiency.
A terahertz time-domain spectral radiation and detection device comprises a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, a sample stage for placing a sample to be detected, an information processing device, a first light path component and a second light path component, wherein the femtosecond laser radiated by the femtosecond laser is divided into pump light and probe light through the beam splitter; wherein,
the first optical path component comprises a first optical fiber coupler, a first optical fiber and a terahertz transmitting device;
the second optical path component comprises a second optical fiber coupler, a second optical fiber and a terahertz detection device;
the pumping light generates terahertz pulses through a first light path component, and the terahertz pulses are irradiated on the sample to be detected and then received by the terahertz detection device; the detection light is irradiated on the terahertz detection device through the second optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber to generate a detection signal, and the detection signal is transmitted to the information processing device for further signal processing;
the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are both hollow photonic crystal fibers.
In one embodiment, the hollow photonic crystal fiber comprises a hollow core and a cladding surrounding an array of cylindrical holes of the hollow core; the diameter of the hollow core is larger than or equal to that of the cylindrical hole.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the diameter of the hollow core to the diameter of the cylindrical hole ranges from 1 to 4.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the cylindrical hole is one of circular, hexagram-shaped or hexagonal.
In one embodiment, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection apparatus further comprises an optical isolator, wherein the optical isolator is placed between the femtosecond laser and the beam splitter.
In one embodiment, the first optical path component further comprises a silicon chip for filtering stray light and allowing only the terahertz pulse to pass through; the silicon wafer is arranged between the terahertz emission device and the sample stage.
In one embodiment, the first optical path component further comprises a first quarter wave plate for adjusting the polarization direction of the femtosecond laser; the first one-half wave plate is arranged between the beam splitter and the first optical fiber coupler.
In one embodiment, the terahertz transmitting device is one of an active photoconductive antenna or a passive frequency doubling crystal.
In one embodiment, the second optical path component further comprises a delay line device, a chopper and a second half wave plate along the propagation direction of the detection light; the chopper is used for providing modulation frequency for the information processing device; the second half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the detection light.
In one embodiment, the femtosecond laser is a titanium-sapphire laser, and the laser pulse of 65 femtoseconds is radiated, and the central wavelength of the pulse ranges from 768 nanometers to 788 nanometers.
In the terahertz time-domain spectral radiation and detection device, laser output by the femtosecond laser is coupled into the hollow photonic crystal fiber through the fiber coupler, so that second-order fiber dispersion generated when laser pulses are transmitted in the hollow photonic crystal fiber is a negative value, and the second-order fiber dispersion and positive dispersion generated by the optical isolator, the beam splitting piece and the like are neutralized. This avoids the inconvenience and expense of conventional solid fibers that require gratings or a pair of prisms to compensate for dispersion. Secondly, because the pulse is basically transmitted in the hollow cavity, for the pulse with dozens of femtosecond pulse widths, the energy can reach hundreds of nano-focuses, the pulse widening caused by self-phase modulation can not be caused, and the high-energy laser pulse is provided for the terahertz radiation device and the detection device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy detection apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow photonic crystal fiber under a scanning electron microscope.
The reference numbers in the figure are a femtosecond laser 1, reflective silver mirrors 2, 3 and 14, an optical isolator 4, a beam splitter 5, a first one-half wave plate 6, a first optical fiber coupler 7, a first optical fiber 8, a terahertz emission device 9, a silicon wafer 10, a sample stage 11, a delay line device 12, a chopper 13, a second one-half wave plate 15, a second optical fiber coupler 16, a second optical fiber 17, a terahertz detection device 18 and an information processing device 19.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Fig. 1 shows an optical path diagram of a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection apparatus, where the radiation and detection apparatus includes a femtosecond laser 1, reflective silver mirrors 2 and 3, an optical isolator 4, a beam splitter 5, a sample stage 11 for placing a sample to be detected, an information processing apparatus 19, and a first optical path component and a second optical path component. The femtosecond laser radiated by the femtosecond laser 1 is divided into pump light and probe light by the beam splitter 5. The first optical path component comprises a first quarter wave plate 6, a first optical fiber coupler 7, a first optical fiber 8, a terahertz emission device 9 and a silicon wafer 10 along the transmission direction of the pump light. The second optical path component comprises a delay line device 12, a chopper 13, a second half wave plate 15, a second optical fiber coupler 16, a second optical fiber 17 and a terahertz detection device 18 along the transmission direction of the detection light. The pumping light generates terahertz pulses through the first light path component, and the terahertz pulses are irradiated on the sample and then received by the terahertz detection device 18; the detection light irradiates on the terahertz detection device 18 to generate a detection signal, and the detection signal is transmitted to the information processing device 19 for further signal processing, wherein the first optical fiber 8 and the second optical fiber 17 are both hollow photonic crystal fibers.
The specific working process is as follows: the femtosecond laser 1 is a titanium-sapphire laser, which radiates 65 femtosecond laser pulses with the central wavelength of 768-788 nanometers. In this embodiment, when the pulse center wavelength is 778nm, and the pulse center wavelength is 778nm, the second-order fiber dispersion generated when the laser pulse is transmitted through the hollow photonic crystal fiber is a negative value, so as to neutralize the positive dispersion generated by the optical isolator 4 and the beam splitter 5, and the effect of neutralizing the negative dispersion and the positive dispersion is the best. Therefore, the inconvenience and expense that the traditional solid optical fiber needs a grating or a pair of prisms to compensate dispersion can be avoided, the optical path is simplified, and the cost is saved. In other embodiments, the pulse center wavelength may fluctuate by 10nm around 778nm, and the pulse center wavelength may be adjusted according to the specific optical path.
In this embodiment, due to the limitation of space, several silver mirrors 2, 3, 14 are disposed in the whole optical path to turn the corresponding optical path. In other embodiments, the number and the position of the silver mirrors can be set according to the size of the space and the actual requirements.
The laser second rush is reflected to the optical isolator 4 by the reflective silver mirrors 2 and 3, and the optical isolator 4 mainly aims to prevent the influence of the laser pulse reflected in the subsequent optical path on the mode locking of the femtosecond laser and can also have the functions of calibration and safety protection on the whole optical path. In the present embodiment, an optical isolator 4 is disposed between the reflective silver mirror 3 and the beam splitter 5. In other embodiments, the optical isolator 4 may be omitted, since the reflection of the pulse is very weak due to the use of a hollow photonic crystal fiber to transmit the pulse.
Laser second-impact after penetrating through the optical isolator 4 is divided into pump light and detection light by the beam splitter 5, the pump light is used for generating terahertz pulses, and the detection light is used for detecting the terahertz pulses. The pump light passes through the first half wave plate 6, and the first half wave plate 6 is used for changing the polarization direction of the laser pulse. Next, the pump light is coupled into a first optical fiber (hollow photonic crystal fiber) 8 by a first optical fiber coupler 7, and the laser pulse transmitted through the first optical fiber (hollow photonic crystal fiber) 8 is irradiated into a terahertz emission device 9 to generate a terahertz pulse.
The terahertz transmitting device 9 is one of a terahertz transmitting device with a photoconductive antenna or a passive nonlinear optical rectification crystal. In this embodiment, the terahertz transmitter 9 is an active photoconductive antenna, and a laser pulse is irradiated on the photoconductive antenna to generate a photogenerated carrier, which is driven by an electric field applied by a dc bias voltage to radiate a terahertz pulse. The information processing device 19 provides a direct current bias voltage for the terahertz emission device 9. Meanwhile, the pump light passes through the first half-wave plate 6 so that the polarization direction of the pump light is perpendicular to the metal groove of the photoconductive antenna.
In other embodiments, the terahertz emission device may also be a combination of a focusing lens and a frequency doubling crystal, the pump light is focused by the focusing lens and then radiated on the frequency doubling crystal to generate frequency doubling light, and is superimposed with the fundamental frequency light to form a two-color field, the femtosecond pulse light is focused and then ionizes air to form a section of plasma filament, and the photo-generated carriers are driven by asymmetry of an electric field of the two-color field to radiate terahertz pulses, wherein the frequency doubling crystal may be a barium metaborate crystal (BBO).
The terahertz pulse is filtered by a silicon wafer 10 to remove laser pulses with other frequencies, and only the terahertz pulse is transmitted, wherein the silicon wafer 10 is a hyper-hemispherical silicon substrate lens with high resistivity. The filtered terahertz pulses are collimated, expanded and irradiated on a sample, and are received by the terahertz detection device 18 through the sample.
The detection light passes through the delay line device 12, the delay line device 12 comprises an optical delay line control device and an optical delay line, the information processing device 19 controls the optical delay line (a grating ruler) to move through the optical delay line control device (a voice coil motor), and the delay line device 12 detects terahertz pulses point by point in space in a stepping scanning mode to obtain a terahertz time-domain waveform. The detection light processed by the delay line device 12 is supplied with a modulation frequency to the following terahertz detection device 18 through the chopper 13. And then the second half wave plate 15 is coupled by a second optical fiber coupler 16 to enter a second optical fiber (hollow photonic crystal fiber) 17 for transmission.
The hollow photonic crystal fibers 8 and 17 have high damage threshold and high coupling efficiency, the laser pulses are transmitted basically in the hollow of the hollow photonic crystal fibers, and the energy of the pulses with the pulse width of 100 femtoseconds can reach hundreds of nanojoules and the pulse broadening is not caused by self-phase modulation. This is an order of magnitude improvement over the 0.1 nanojoule pulse energy of conventional solid fibers. The hollow photonic crystal fiber can conduct high-energy laser pulses for terahertz generation and detection, so that the dynamic range of the whole machine is improved.
The detection light transmitted from the second optical fiber 17 is irradiated in the terahertz detection device 18. In the terahertz detection device 18, the detection light generates a weak current signal under the terahertz pulse excitation. The intensity change of the weak current signal can reflect the intensity change of the terahertz field, and the terahertz time-domain spectrum can be reversely deduced through an amplifying circuit and a calculation program in the later-stage information processing device 19. The characteristic parameters, the internal structure and other information of the sample can be obtained by comparing the difference of the terahertz spectrum with or without the sample, so that the practical applications of nondestructive detection, pharmaceutical detection, medical diagnosis and the like of special materials are realized. The device is also a basic structure diagram of the terahertz time-domain microscope, and the resolution can reach dozens of micrometers.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a Hollow photonic crystal fiber under a scanning electron microscope, and the Hollow photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) is a common band gap type photonic crystal fiber. The hollow photonic crystal fiber includes a hollow core 11, a glass microcapillary cladding surrounding the hollow core in an array of cylindrical holes 13, and an outermost cladding 15. Hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) are hollow cores surrounded by a cladding of a glass microcapillary and produce a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) that traps electromagnetic waves within a specific range of light wavelengths in a core defect (coredefect). The diameters of the hollow core 11 and the cylindrical hole 13 in the hollow photonic crystal fiber can be uniform, the diameter D1 of the hollow core 11 can be larger than the diameter D2 of the cylindrical hole 13, and the range of the ratio of the diameter D1 of the hollow core 11 to the diameter D2 of the cylindrical hole 13 is 1-4. In the present embodiment, the ratio of the diameter D1 of the hollow core 11 to the diameter D2 of the cylindrical hole 13 is about 3:1, wherein the diameter of the hollow photonic crystal fiber is about 40 microns, the diameter D1 of the hollow core 11 is about 8 microns, and the wall thickness of the hollow core 11 is about 76 nm; the diameter D2 of cylindrical hole 13 is about 2.33 microns and the wall thickness of cylindrical hole 12 is about 70 nanometers. In the present embodiment, the cylindrical holes 13 have a regular hexagonal cross section, that is, the hollow core 11 is surrounded by the cladding of the regular hexagonal array of cylindrical holes 13. In other embodiments, the cross-section of the cylindrical bore 13 is circular, hexagram-shaped, or the like.
In this embodiment, the ratio of hollow to glass in the surrounding cladding is about 92:8, so that 99% of the laser pulse energy is transmitted in the hollow core, and only about 1% is transmitted in the glass fiber, so that the contribution of nonlinear effects due to the glass fiber is substantially negligible. Meanwhile, the large-size hollow design of the hollow core further improves the transmission ratio of laser pulse energy in air, and further weakens phase shift, group velocity dispersion and the like caused by the nonlinear Kerr effect. The numerical aperture of the hollow photonic crystal fiber is 0.15, the throughput ranges from 40% to 50%, and the transmission efficiency of the fiber is limited by imperfect coupling at the interface and its intrinsic attenuation, which is about 1.5 dB/m. The hollow photonic crystal fiber is drawn in an air environment which passes through a dust filter and is dried, so that the deterioration of the performance and the attenuation of the transmission efficiency of the hollow photonic crystal fiber caused by the penetration of dust and water vapor into the fiber can be prevented.
In the terahertz time-domain spectral radiation and detection device, the second-order fiber dispersion generated when the laser pulse is transmitted in the hollow photonic crystal fiber is a negative value by reasonably selecting the pulse center wavelength output by the femtosecond laser, and the second-order fiber dispersion and the positive dispersion generated by the isolator, the beam splitting sheet, the lens and the like are mutually neutralized. This avoids the inconvenience and expense of conventional solid fibers that require gratings or a pair of prisms to compensate for dispersion. Second, since the laser pulses are essentially transmitted in a hollow core, for pulses of 100 femtosecond pulse width, the energy can be as high as several hundred nanojoules and pulse spreading due to self-phase modulation is not as great. This is an order of magnitude improvement over the 0.1 nanojoule pulse energy of conventional solid fibers.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A terahertz time-domain spectral radiation and detection device comprises a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, a sample stage for placing a sample to be detected, an information processing device, a first light path component and a second light path component, wherein the femtosecond laser radiated by the femtosecond laser is divided into pump light and probe light through the beam splitter; which is characterized in that, among others,
the first optical path component comprises a first optical fiber coupler, a first optical fiber and a terahertz transmitting device;
the second optical path component comprises a second optical fiber coupler, a second optical fiber and a terahertz detection device;
the pumping light generates terahertz pulses through a first light path component, and the terahertz pulses are irradiated on the sample to be detected and then received by the terahertz detection device; the detection light is irradiated on the terahertz detection device through the second optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber to generate a detection signal, and the detection signal is transmitted to the information processing device for further signal processing;
the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are both hollow photonic crystal fibers.
2. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device of claim 1, wherein the hollow photonic crystal fiber comprises a hollow core and a cladding surrounding an array of cylindrical holes of the hollow core; the diameter of the hollow core is larger than or equal to that of the cylindrical hole.
3. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the hollow core to the diameter of the cylindrical hole is in a range of 1-4.
4. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy apparatus of claim 2, wherein the cross section of the cylindrical hole is one of a circle, a hexagram, or a hexagon.
5. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an optical isolator disposed between the femtosecond laser and the beam splitter.
6. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device of claim 1, wherein the first optical path assembly further comprises a silicon chip for filtering stray light and allowing only the terahertz pulses to pass through; the silicon wafer is arranged between the terahertz emission device and the sample stage.
7. The thz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first quarter wave plate in the first optical path assembly for adjusting a polarization direction of the femtosecond laser; the first one-half wave plate is arranged between the beam splitter and the first optical fiber coupler.
8. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device of claim 1, wherein the terahertz emission device is one of an active photoconductive antenna or a passive frequency doubling crystal.
9. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device of claim 1, further comprising a delay line device, a chopper, a second half wave plate along the propagation direction of the probe light in the second optical path assembly; the chopper is used for providing modulation frequency for the information processing device; the second half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the detection light.
10. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy radiation and detection device of claim 1, wherein the femtosecond laser is a titanium-sapphire laser, a 65 femtosecond laser pulse is radiated, and the central wavelength of the pulse is in the range of 768-788 nanometers.
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| CN201610281595.1A CN105737984A (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device |
| PCT/CN2016/093268 WO2017185555A1 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-04 | Terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detection device |
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| CN201610281595.1A CN105737984A (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detecting device |
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| CN106768400A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 上海理工大学 | Terahertz light pulsewidth integrated measuring instrument based on combination wire-grid polarizer |
| WO2017185555A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | 深圳市太赫兹系统设备有限公司 | Terahertz time domain spectral radiation and detection device |
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| WO2019183951A1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 深圳市华讯方舟太赫兹科技有限公司 | Terahertz spectrometer |
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