CN105731727A - 一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统 - Google Patents
一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统,包括集水井、粗格栅、微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置、矿物油催化重化解吸反应器、原果胶?重金属旋转吸附池、曝气硝化池、生物脱氮池、沉淀池、净水池。本系统创造性的利用了装有南瓜皮的V型网状滚筒为接触反应介质,当含有重金属的废水与南瓜皮充分混合,通过果皮细胞中的非水溶性原果胶的吸附作用使废水中的重金属离子被吸附,部分残渣在吸附池底部沉淀,逐渐形成污泥物质。同时,V型网状滚筒中的南瓜皮作为一种低值耗材,可根据使用消耗情况进行替换。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统,属于环境保护中的废水处理领域。
背景技术
重金属污染是指由重金属及其化合物所造成的环境污染和生态破坏,其危害程度取决于重金属在环境、食品和生物体中存在的浓度和化学形态。重金属污染主要表现在水污染中,还有一部分在大气和固体废物中。重金属污染与其他有机化合物的污染不同,不少有机化合物可以通过自然界本身的物理、化学或生物效应得以净化,使危害性降低或消除;而重金属具有富集性,很难在环境中降解。
从环境污染方面来看,重金属污染最具代表性的是汞、镉、铅以及“类金属”——砷等生物毒性显著的重金属,这些重金属在水环境中不能被分解,人类饮用后毒性放大,与水中的其他毒素结合会生成毒性更大的有机化合物。
目前,现有的工业废水重金属处理方法包括:化学沉淀法、电解法、吸附法、膜分离法、离子交换法等。
(1)化学沉淀法:在工业废水中投加某种化学物质,使其与废水中某些溶解性物质发生反应,生成难溶盐而沉淀下来,这种方法称为化学沉淀法。传统的化学沉淀法包括中和沉淀法、硫化物沉淀法和钡盐沉淀法等。
(2)电解法:应用电解的基本原理,使废水中重金属离子在阳极和阴极上分别发生氧化还原反应,使重金属富集,从而使废水中重金属得以去除,并可回收重金属。电解法处理重金属废水具有运行可靠、重金属去除率高,可回收利用等特点。但由于重金属浓度低时电耗大、投资成本高,电解法只适合处理高浓度重金属废水。
(3)吸附法:吸附法是利用吸附剂吸附废水中重金属的一种方法,传统的吸附剂有活性炭、沸石、粘土矿物等天然物质。活性炭的吸附能力强,对重金属去除率高,但价格昂贵,使用寿命短。近些年来发现矿物材料具有很强的吸附能力,其中天然沸石吸附能力最强,也是最早用于重金属废水处理的矿物材料。
(4)膜分离法:膜分离法是利用一种特殊的半透膜,在外界压力的作用下,不改变溶液的化学形态使溶质和溶剂进行分离和浓缩的方法。膜分离技术在反应过程中不发生相变化,分离效率高,操作及维护方便,分离和浓缩同时进行,可回收有价值的重金属。常见的膜技术有微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、电渗析、液膜等。
(5)离子交换法:离子交换法处理重金属废水是利用离子交换树脂上的可交换离子与重金属离子发生交换反应,从而去除废水中重金属离子的方法。离子交换技术去除废水中的重金属,净化后出水中重金属离子浓度远低于化学沉淀法处理后出水中重金属离子的浓度,通过回收再生后的溶液,可以实现重金属的回收。离子交换树脂性能对重金属离子的去除效果有较大影响。
但是现在重金属离子经常存在于含油废水中,由于水中油脂的存在严重阻碍了重金属的去除,降低了重金属离子的处理效果。因此,有必要摆脱现有的处理技术思路,开辟出处理工业废水重金属的新途径,进而开发一种全新形式的工业废水重金属处理技术。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统,该系统包括集水井、粗格栅、微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置、矿物油催化重化解吸反应器、原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池、曝气硝化池、生物脱氮池、沉淀池、净水池等;其中,含油重金属工业废水通过废水管线进入集水井,集水井的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅,粗格栅的出口通过废水管线连接微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置中的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜在完全吸附矿物油后会被不锈钢机械臂抓取,并被送入矿物油催化重化解吸反应器,矿物油催化重化解吸反应器中生成的重油从重油排出口排出并被回收再利用,同时微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置的出口通过废水管线连接原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池,原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池排出的污泥物质外运处理,同时原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池的出口通过废水管线连接曝气硝化池,曝气硝化池的出口通过废水管线连接生物脱氮池,生物脱氮池的出口通过废水管线连接沉淀池,沉淀池的出口通过废水管线连接净水池,净水池的出口通过废水管线将经过处理后的净化出水外排;其中,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置采用高强度玻璃钢材质,其底部装有9支超微细气泡发生器,装置的液面之上可容纳一张横向放置的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜,其左侧上部装有进水阀门,右侧底部装有出水阀门;矿物油催化重化解吸反应器采用高强度不锈钢材质,其底部装有5部电热鼓风风机,装置内部安装有一套不锈钢膜架,膜架上竖直放置5张待高温处理的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜,其底部右侧设有重油排出口;经过粗格栅初步去除大粒径物质的废水通过微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置左侧上部的进水阀门进入装置内部,9支超微细气泡发生器开始工作,产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡,超微细气泡会夹带废水中的矿物油分子一同上浮,并使其被液面之上的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜吸附,完全吸附矿物油的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜被不锈钢机械臂抓取,并被竖直放置在矿物油催化重化解吸反应器中的不锈钢膜架上,反应器底部的5部电热鼓风风机可以产生200~250℃的高温空气,在此温度下并在π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化下,矿物油分子中的C-H键会发生短暂的断裂,并快速再结合为C-C键或C-H键,而C-H键会再次发生断裂,C-C键则因π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化作用有限而不会再发生断裂,因此可使碳链较短的矿物油分子逐渐合成为碳链较长的重油分子,同时,重油分子会在高温下从π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜中解吸,汇聚后从反应器底部右侧的重油排出口排出;原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池采用硬质玻璃钢材质,外层涂刷有防水材料,吸附池左侧上方装有进水阀门,左侧下方装有电动伸缩杆推泥装置,右侧上方装有电动钩爪,右侧中部装有出水阀门,右侧下方设有污泥排口,吸附池中部依靠转轴连杆固定有V型网状滚筒,V型网状滚筒上方装有提钩;微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置的出水通过原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池左侧的进水阀门进入吸附池内部,V型网状滚筒在转轴连杆的驱动下充分转动,使废水与南瓜皮充分接触,通过南瓜皮细胞中的非水溶性原果胶的吸附作用使废水中的重金属离子被吸附,经过吸附处理后的废水经出水阀门排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒在吸附近饱和后,可操作电动钩爪抓取V型网状滚筒上方的提钩,将V型网状滚筒提离吸附池,进而完成南瓜皮的更换操作,同时,部分南瓜皮残渣在吸附池底部沉淀,逐渐形成污泥物质,可使用电动伸缩杆推泥装置通过污泥排口排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒更换下的南瓜皮残渣与在吸附池底部沉淀的污泥物质合并后外运处理。
进一步,原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池,其池体有效容积为340m3,其V型网状滚筒容积为31m3,孔径为7.5mm,其转轴连杆的工作电压为380V,转速为15转/min。
进一步,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置,其有效容积为300m3,超微细气泡发生器能够产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡,工作电压为36V。
进一步,π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜的面积为12.6m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的含量为22.4g/m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的纯度为96.2%。
本发明的优点在于:
(1)本系统摆脱了现有的工业废水重金属净化处理原理,创造性的利用了含有丰富原果胶与果胶酶的南瓜皮作为重金属离子的吸附材料,采用装有南瓜皮的V型网状滚筒为接触反应介质,当含有重金属的废水与南瓜皮充分混合,通过果皮细胞中的非水溶性原果胶的吸附作用使废水中的重金属离子被吸附,从而使含重金属的工业废水得到净化,其重金属去除效率可达97.9%
(2)本系统摆脱了现有的工业废水矿物油净化处理模式,创造性的采用了物理手段与化学方法相结合的技术路线,充分利用改性硅藻土的吸附作用和π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化合成作用,使工业废水中的矿物油被吸附富集,并发生合成反应,生成可利用的重油,其矿物油的去除效率达到99.7%。本系统中所使用的改性硅藻土吸附膜经热解吸过程后得以再生,可被重新用于吸附废水中的矿物油,实现了物料的重复利用,大大降低了运行成本。
(3)本系统回收利用了南瓜皮这种农业生产过程中所产生的废弃物,能够实现废物利用,变废为宝,显著缩减了农业生产中的废弃物产生量;同时,南瓜皮作为一种低值耗材,可根据使用消耗情况进行替换,替换成本低。不使用任何有毒化学物质,从而消除了引入新的、危害更大的污染物的风险。
(4)本系统原理简单易行,设计施工成本较低,并且处理效果较好,运行维护成本很低,有利于大范围推广应用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的设备示意图。
图中:1-集水井、2-粗格栅、3-微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置、4-矿物油催化重化解吸反应器、5-原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池、6-曝气硝化池、7-生物脱氮池、8-沉淀池、9-净水池
图2是微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置和矿物油催化重化解吸反应器的示意图。
32-超微细气泡发生器、33-超微细气泡、34-不锈钢机械臂、35-转珠轴承、36-进水阀门、37-出水阀门;41-气凝胶毡隔热层、42-π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜、43-不锈钢膜架、44-电热鼓风风机、45-重油排出口
图3是原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池的示意图。
51-玻璃钢池体、52-转轴连杆、53-V型网状滚筒、54-提钩、55-进水阀门、56-出水阀门、57-电动伸缩杆推泥装置、58-污泥排口、59-电动钩爪。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的去除工业废水中重金属的处理系统,该系统包括集水井1、粗格栅2、微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3、矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4、原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池5、曝气硝化池6、生物脱氮池7、沉淀池8、净水池9;其中,含油重金属的工业废水通过废水管线进入集水井1,在此进行集中收集和初步稳定调节,集水井1的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅2,在此去除工业废水中的大直径固体物质,粗格栅2的出口通过废水管线连接微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3中的含π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42在完全吸附矿物油后会被不锈钢机械臂34抓取,并被送入矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4,矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4中生成的重油从重油排出口45排出并被回收再利用,同时,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3的出口通过废水管线连接原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池5,原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池5的出口通过废水管线连接曝气硝化池6,在此通过好氧曝气过程,使废水中的各种含氮物质均转化为硝酸盐氮,曝气硝化池6的出口通过废水管线连接生物脱氮池7,其作用是通过生物活性反应过程,将废水中的硝酸盐氮分解转化,从而去除硝酸盐氮,生物脱氮池7的出口通过废水管线连接沉淀池8,在此将废水中的剩余不溶物质全部除去,沉淀池8的出口通过废水管线连接净水池9,净水池9的出口通过废水管线将经过本系统处理后的净化出水外排;其中,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3采用高强度玻璃钢材质,有效容积为300m3,其底部装有9支超微细气泡发生器32,能够产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡33,装置的液面之上可容纳一张横向放置的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42,该吸附膜面积为12.6m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的含量为22.4g/m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的纯度为96.2%,其左侧上部装有进水阀门36,右侧底部装有出水阀门37,该装置右侧壁因与高温的矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4相连,故贴覆有气凝胶毡隔热层41,气凝胶毡隔热层41顶端装有不锈钢机械臂34及转珠轴承35;矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4采用高强度不锈钢材质,容积为330m3,其底部装有5部电热鼓风风机44,能够产生200~250℃的热空气,装置内部安装有一套不锈钢膜架43,膜架上可竖直放置5张待高温处理的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42,其底部右侧设有重油排出口45;经过粗格栅2初步去除大粒径物质的含有矿物油的工业废水通过微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置3左侧上部的进水阀门36进入装置内部,9支超微细气泡发生器32开始工作,产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡33,超微细气泡33会夹带废水中的矿物油分子一同上浮,并使其被液面之上的含π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42吸附,完全吸附矿物油的含π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42被不锈钢机械臂34抓取,并被竖直放置在矿物油催化重化解吸反应器4中的不锈钢膜架43上,反应器底部的5部电热鼓风风机44开始工作,产生200~250℃的高温空气,在π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化下,矿物油分子中的C-H键会发生短暂的断裂,并快速再结合为C-C键或C-H键,而C-H键会再次发生断裂,C-C键则因π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化作用有限而不会再发生断裂,因此可使碳链较短的矿物油分子逐渐合成为碳链较长的重油分子。同时,重油分子会在高温下从含π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜42中解吸,汇聚后从反应器底部右侧的重油排出口45排出,可被集中收集和再利用。
原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池5采用硬质玻璃钢材质,外层涂刷有防水材料,吸附池左侧上方装有进水阀门55,左侧下方装有电动伸缩杆推泥装置57,右侧上方装有电动钩爪59,右侧中部装有出水阀门56,右侧下方设有污泥排口58,吸附池中部依靠转轴连杆52固定有V型网状滚筒53,V型网状滚筒53上方装有提钩54;经过pH值调节处理后(处理后pH值为7.5~8.5)的工业废水通过原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池5左侧的进水阀门55进入吸附池内部,V型网状滚筒53在转轴连杆52的驱动下充分转动,使废水与南瓜皮充分接触,通过南瓜皮细胞中的非水溶性原果胶的吸附作用使废水中的重金属离子被吸附,经过吸附处理后的废水经出水阀门56排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒53在吸附近饱和后,可操作电动钩爪59抓取V型网状滚筒53上方的提钩54,将V型网状滚筒53提离吸附池,进而完成南瓜皮的更换操作,同时,部分南瓜皮残渣在吸附池底部沉淀,逐渐形成污泥物质,可使用电动伸缩杆推泥装置57通过污泥排口58排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒53更换下的南瓜皮残渣与在吸附池底部沉淀的污泥物质合并后外运处理。
通过本系统处理后的工业废水,其重金属去除效率可达97.9%。
Claims (4)
1.一种含油重金属工业废水的处理系统,其特征在于,该系统包括集水井、粗格栅、微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置、矿物油催化重化解吸反应器、原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池、曝气硝化池、生物脱氮池、沉淀池、净水池等;其中,含油重金属工业废水通过废水管线进入集水井,集水井的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅,粗格栅的出口通过废水管线连接微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置中的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜在完全吸附矿物油后会被不锈钢机械臂抓取,并被送入矿物油催化重化解吸反应器,矿物油催化重化解吸反应器中生成的重油从重油排出口排出并被回收再利用,同时微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置的出口通过废水管线连接原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池,原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池排出的污泥物质外运处理,同时原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池的出口通过废水管线连接曝气硝化池,曝气硝化池的出口通过废水管线连接生物脱氮池,生物脱氮池的出口通过废水管线连接沉淀池,沉淀池的出口通过废水管线连接净水池,净水池的出口通过废水管线将经过处理后的净化出水外排;其中,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置采用高强度玻璃钢材质,其底部装有9支超微细气泡发生器,装置的液面之上可容纳一张横向放置的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜,其左侧上部装有进水阀门,右侧底部装有出水阀门;矿物油催化重化解吸反应器采用高强度不锈钢材质,其底部装有5部电热鼓风风机,装置内部安装有一套不锈钢膜架,膜架上竖直放置5张待高温处理的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜,其底部右侧设有重油排出口;经过粗格栅初步去除大粒径物质的废水通过微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置左侧上部的进水阀门进入装置内部,9支超微细气泡发生器开始工作,产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡,超微细气泡会夹带废水中的矿物油分子一同上浮,并使其被液面之上的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜吸附,完全吸附矿物油的π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜被不锈钢机械臂抓取,并被竖直放置在矿物油催化重化解吸反应器中的不锈钢膜架上,反应器底部的5部电热鼓风风机可以产生200~250℃的高温空气,在此温度下并在π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化下,矿物油分子中的C-H键会发生短暂的断裂,并快速再结合为C-C键或C-H键,而C-H键会再次发生断裂,C-C键则因π-烯丙基镍化合物的催化作用有限而不会再发生断裂,因此可使碳链较短的矿物油分子逐渐合成为碳链较长的重油分子,同时,重油分子会在高温下从π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜中解吸,汇聚后从反应器底部右侧的重油排出口排出;原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池采用硬质玻璃钢材质,外层涂刷有防水材料,吸附池左侧上方装有进水阀门,左侧下方装有电动伸缩杆推泥装置,右侧上方装有电动钩爪,右侧中部装有出水阀门,右侧下方设有污泥排口,吸附池中部依靠转轴连杆固定有V型网状滚筒,V型网状滚筒上方装有提钩;微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置的出水通过原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池左侧的进水阀门进入吸附池内部,V型网状滚筒在转轴连杆的驱动下充分转动,使废水与南瓜皮充分接触,通过南瓜皮细胞中的非水溶性原果胶的吸附作用使废水中的重金属离子被吸附,经过吸附处理后的废水经出水阀门排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒在吸附近饱和后,可操作电动钩爪抓取V型网状滚筒上方的提钩,将V型网状滚筒提离吸附池,进而完成南瓜皮的更换操作,同时,部分南瓜皮残渣在吸附池底部沉淀,逐渐形成污泥物质,可使用电动伸缩杆推泥装置通过污泥排口排出吸附池,V型网状滚筒更换下的南瓜皮残渣与在吸附池底部沉淀的污泥物质合并后外运处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理系统,其特征在于,原果胶-重金属旋转吸附池,其池体有效容积为340m3,其V型网状滚筒容积为31m3,孔径为7.5mm,其转轴连杆的工作电压为380V,转速为15转/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的处理系统,其特征在于,微泡气浮矿物油吸附装置,其有效容积为300m3,超微细气泡发生器能够产生直径小于50μm的超微细气泡,工作电压为36V。
4.根据权利要求1所述的处理系统,其特征在于,π-烯丙基镍化合物改性硅藻土吸附膜的面积为12.6m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的含量为22.4g/m2,π-烯丙基镍化合物的纯度为96.2%。
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