CN105729619B - Vertical single-spiral vacuum extruder - Google Patents
Vertical single-spiral vacuum extruder Download PDFInfo
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- CN105729619B CN105729619B CN201610262977.XA CN201610262977A CN105729619B CN 105729619 B CN105729619 B CN 105729619B CN 201610262977 A CN201610262977 A CN 201610262977A CN 105729619 B CN105729619 B CN 105729619B
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- mud
- screw
- extrusion
- stirring
- vacuum
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/18—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for comminuting clay lumps
- B28C1/182—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for comminuting clay lumps by forcing the clay through screens or slots, e.g. using screw or rolls
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
一种立式单螺旋真空挤出机，其特征在于，包括电气连接、气动连接以及机械连接部分；所述的机械连接部分主要包括下级挤压成型挤出部分以及上级搅拌部分；所述的下级挤压成型挤出部分包括泥缸、下真空箱体、下挤出主轴、下挤出螺旋、压力螺旋、压泥轴、压泥轴对辊齿、润滑泵、气动离合器、下级联组皮带、下级驱动带轮、下级驱动电机；其中在下级真空箱体上安装有过渡真空箱，在过渡真空箱体上安装有上级搅拌造粒部分；所述的上级搅拌部分主要包括上级搅拌造粒主轴、搅刀、造粒螺旋，上级搅拌造粒主轴上安装有一组轴承，轴承上下两端有骨架油封密封。
A vertical single-screw vacuum extruder, characterized in that it includes an electrical connection, a pneumatic connection and a mechanical connection part; the mechanical connection part mainly includes a lower extrusion molding extrusion part and an upper stirring part; the lower Extrusion extrusion part includes mud cylinder, lower vacuum box, lower extrusion spindle, lower extrusion screw, pressure screw, mud pressing shaft, mud pressing shaft to roller teeth, lubricating pump, pneumatic clutch, lower cascade belt , the lower drive pulley, the lower drive motor; wherein a transitional vacuum box is installed on the lower vacuum box, and an upper level stirring and granulating part is installed on the transitional vacuum box; the upper level stirring part mainly includes the upper level stirring and granulating main shaft , stirring knife, granulating screw, a group of bearings are installed on the upper mixing and granulating main shaft, and the upper and lower ends of the bearings are sealed with skeleton oil seals.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于生产建筑装饰材料的机械设备领域，特别是一种立式单螺旋真空挤出机。The invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment for producing building decoration materials, in particular to a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder.
背景技术Background technique
在国家大力推进墙体材料革新，节约能源和耕地资源，全面“禁实”的行业大背景下，煤矸石、页岩、炉渣、河道淤泥等固体废弃物作为陶土制品原料，传统的挤出机一般以这些软塑性的泥料为原料，这对真空挤出机的性能要求比较低，而现在由于原料以及工艺的要求，基本在硬塑以及半硬塑，挤出压力在3～4MPa，这对传统的挤出机设备提出了挑战；同时，传统的挤出机采用卧式的，对于清机来说是很有弊端的；与此同时，传统的挤出机在对于快速凝固产品的加工方面是有缺陷的，继续沿用传统的真空挤出机已经满足不了当今输出产品的需求，其次也会对机器造成损害，一旦真空挤出机发生故障将影响到企业的经济效益。这就要求真空挤出机的各方面强度均要有所提高。因此，根据这些原料的性能特性和制品的质量要求，需要配套更新机械装备，传统的真空挤出机已经难以达到行业使用要求。针对此要求，我们改进设计了立式单螺旋真空挤出机。Under the background of the country vigorously promoting the innovation of wall materials, saving energy and cultivated land resources, and comprehensively "banning" the industry, coal gangue, shale, slag, river silt and other solid wastes are used as raw materials for clay products. Traditional extruders Generally, these soft plastic mud materials are used as raw materials, which have relatively low performance requirements for vacuum extruders. Now, due to the requirements of raw materials and processes, they are basically used in hard plastic and semi-hard plastic, and the extrusion pressure is 3-4MPa. It poses a challenge to the traditional extruder equipment; at the same time, the traditional extruder is horizontal, which is very disadvantageous for machine cleaning; On the one hand, it is flawed. Continuing to use the traditional vacuum extruder can no longer meet the needs of today's output products, and secondly, it will cause damage to the machine. Once the vacuum extruder fails, it will affect the economic benefits of the enterprise. This requires the strength of all aspects of the vacuum extruder to be improved. Therefore, according to the performance characteristics of these raw materials and the quality requirements of the products, it is necessary to update the mechanical equipment, and the traditional vacuum extruder has been difficult to meet the requirements of the industry. In response to this requirement, we have improved and designed a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对传统的真空挤出机不适用于硬塑泥料生产的不足、清机繁琐、挤出产品质量不高的问题，提供了一种立式单螺旋真空挤出机，提高了输出产品的质量。Aiming at the problems that the traditional vacuum extruder is not suitable for the production of hard plastic clay, the machine cleaning is cumbersome, and the quality of the extruded product is not high, the invention provides a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder, which improves the output of the product. the quality of.
本发明采用如下技术方案：一种立式单螺旋真空挤出机，其特征在于，包括电气连接、气动连接以及机械连接部分；所述的机械连接部分主要包括下级挤压成型挤出部分以及上级搅拌部分；所述的下级挤压成型挤出部分包括机头、泥缸、下真空箱体、下挤出主轴、压力头，其中压力头是可拆卸的，这样便于清机、压泥螺旋、压泥轴、压泥传动齿、润滑泵、视窗门板、下级行星差速减速器、气动离合器、联组皮带、皮带轮、下挤出主电机；下挤出主轴后段安装于下级行星差速减速器的空心轴内，下级行星差速减速器安装于下级行星减速器安装板上，下级行星减速器安装板安装于下真空箱体上，下挤出主轴中段安装有一组轴承，压泥轴上安装有一组齿轮组，压泥轴的后端安装有一只调心轴承，调心轴承安装于压泥轴轴承支架内，压泥轴轴承支架安装于下真空箱体内部，压泥轴中段安装有一只调心轴承，调心轴承安装于轴承壳内，轴承壳安装于下真空箱中板孔内，且有骨架油封密封，其中在下级真空箱体上安装有过渡真空箱，在过渡真空箱体上安装有上级搅拌造粒部分；所述的上级搅拌部分主要包括上级搅拌造粒主轴、搅刀、造粒螺旋。The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder, which is characterized in that it includes electrical connection, pneumatic connection and mechanical connection; the mechanical connection mainly includes the lower extrusion molding extrusion part and the upper Stirring part; the lower-level extrusion molding extrusion part includes a machine head, a mud cylinder, a lower vacuum box, a lower extrusion spindle, and a pressure head, wherein the pressure head is detachable, so that it is convenient for cleaning the machine, mud pressing screw, Mud pressing shaft, mud pressing transmission gear, lubricating pump, window door panel, lower planetary differential speed reducer, pneumatic clutch, combined belt, pulley, lower extrusion main motor; In the hollow shaft of the device, the lower planetary differential reducer is installed on the lower planetary reducer mounting plate, the lower planetary reducer mounting plate is installed on the lower vacuum box, a set of bearings is installed in the middle section of the lower extrusion spindle, and the mud pressing shaft A set of gears is installed, and a self-aligning bearing is installed at the rear end of the mud-pressing shaft. Only the self-aligning bearing, the self-aligning bearing is installed in the bearing shell, the bearing shell is installed in the plate hole of the lower vacuum box, and is sealed by a skeleton oil seal, in which a transitional vacuum box is installed on the lower vacuum box, and the transitional vacuum box The upper part is equipped with a higher-level stirring and granulation part; the upper-level mixing part mainly includes a higher-level stirring and granulation main shaft, a stirring knife, and a granulation screw.
进一步改进，所述的电气连接是控制柜与上级搅拌主电机、控制柜与下级挤出主电机、控制柜与润滑泵电机、控制柜与观察灯、控制柜与真空泵电机的连接。As a further improvement, the electrical connection is the connection between the control cabinet and the upper stirring main motor, the control cabinet and the lower extrusion main motor, the control cabinet and the lubricating pump motor, the control cabinet and the observation lamp, and the control cabinet and the vacuum pump motor.
进一步改进，所述的气动连接是气泵与气动离合器通过电磁阀连接。As a further improvement, the pneumatic connection is that the air pump and the pneumatic clutch are connected through an electromagnetic valve.
进一步改进，所述的过渡真空箱包括观察灯、视窗口、料位探测计、真空表。As a further improvement, the transitional vacuum box includes an observation lamp, a viewing window, a material level detector, and a vacuum gauge.
进一步改进，所述的泥缸安装于泥缸过渡板上，泥缸过渡板安装于下真空箱体前端板，泥缸过渡板上安装有一组连接泥缸的销钉组，泥缸上设有阻泥棒，泥缸内安装有一组挤出内衬总成，泥缸前端安装有两件对称布置的机头转接板。Further improvement, the mud cylinder is installed on the mud cylinder transition plate, the mud cylinder transition plate is installed on the front end plate of the lower vacuum box, a group of pin groups connecting the mud cylinder is installed on the mud cylinder transition plate, and the mud cylinder is provided with a resistance A set of extruded liner assembly is installed in the mud cylinder, and two symmetrically arranged head adapter plates are installed at the front end of the mud cylinder.
进一步改进，所述的造粒螺旋由造粒内衬组成，造粒内衬安装于挤泥槽内，挤泥槽安装于过渡真空室的上平面上，挤泥槽上安装有搅泥棒。As a further improvement, the granulation screw is composed of a granulation liner, the granulation liner is installed in the mud squeezer tank, the mud squeezer tank is installed on the upper plane of the transitional vacuum chamber, and a mud stirring rod is installed on the mud squeezer tank.
进一步改进，所述的压泥螺旋的压泥螺旋径向方向安装有一组压泥螺旋腔体总成，另一侧安装有一块封板总成，该腔体总成与封板总成可于下真空箱体两侧门板处拆卸并取出。As a further improvement, a group of mud screw cavity assemblies are installed in the radial direction of the mud screw of the mud screw, and a sealing plate assembly is installed on the other side. The cavity assembly and the sealing plate assembly can be used together Disassemble and take out the door panels on both sides of the lower vacuum box.
进一步改进，所述的上级搅拌造粒主轴上安装有轴承，轴承安装于轴承壳内，且轴承壳内安装于造粒驱动减速器安装机架上，造粒驱动减速器安装机架为K系减速器安装机架，K系减速器安装于K系减速器过度法兰上，且K系减速器过度法兰安装于K系减速器安装机架上。As a further improvement, a bearing is installed on the upper stirring and granulating main shaft, the bearing is installed in the bearing shell, and the bearing shell is installed on the mounting frame of the granulation driving reducer, and the mounting frame of the granulating driving reducer is a K series The reducer installation frame, the K series reducer is installed on the K series reducer transition flange, and the K series reducer transition flange is installed on the K series reducer installation frame.
进一步改进，所述的下挤出主轴中段安装有一组轴承，轴承等组件安装于轴承壳内，轴承壳安装于下真空箱体的中板孔内。As a further improvement, a set of bearings is installed in the middle section of the lower extrusion main shaft, the bearings and other components are installed in the bearing shell, and the bearing shell is installed in the middle plate hole of the lower vacuum box.
本发明相比较于现有技术的有益效果在于：单螺旋的机械连接方式使得挤出的产品具有一定形状尺寸、机械强度大、密度较大、含水率较低及表面光洁，其中压力头是可拆卸的，这样便于清机。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the single-screw mechanical connection makes the extruded product have a certain shape and size, high mechanical strength, high density, low moisture content and smooth surface, wherein the pressure head can be Disassembled for easy cleaning.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明立式单螺旋真空挤出机的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder of the present invention.
其中1-真空箱体，2-泥缸，3-螺旋内衬，4-阻泥棒，5-受料螺旋叶，6-压缩螺旋旋叶，7-挤压螺旋叶，8-挤出螺旋叶，9-压力头，10-压力表，11-成型模具，12-下挤出主轴，13-压泥轴驱动齿，14-下级行星差速减速器，15-下级行星差速减速器安装板，16-压泥轴对辊齿，17-压泥轴，18-压泥螺旋，19-气动离合器带轮，20-下级联组皮带，21-下级驱动带轮，22-下级驱动电机，23-润滑泵，24-中间过渡真空室，25-空气过滤器，26-物位计，27-塞网板安装板，28-塞网板，29-挤泥槽，30-造粒螺旋叶，31-上级搅拌造粒轴，32-搅刀，33-造粒驱动减速器安装机架，34-上级搅拌造粒驱动装置。Among them, 1-vacuum box, 2-mud cylinder, 3-spiral lining, 4-resistance mud rod, 5-receiving spiral blade, 6-compressing spiral blade, 7-extruding spiral blade, 8-extruding spiral blade , 9-Pressure head, 10-Pressure gauge, 11-Forming die, 12-Lower extrusion spindle, 13-Driving gear of mud-pressing shaft, 14-Lower planetary differential reducer, 15-Lower planetary differential reducer mounting plate , 16- mud pressing shaft pair roller teeth, 17- mud pressing shaft, 18- mud pressing screw, 19- pneumatic clutch pulley, 20- lower cascade belt, 21- lower driving pulley, 22- lower driving motor, 23-Lubrication pump, 24-Intermediate transitional vacuum chamber, 25-Air filter, 26-Level gauge, 27-Plug net plate installation plate, 28-Plug net plate, 29-Squeezing mud tank, 30-Granulation spiral blade , 31-superior stirring and granulating shaft, 32-stirring knife, 33-granulating drive reducer installation frame, 34-superior stirring and granulating driving device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步阐述。The technical solution of the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种立式单螺旋真空挤出机，当生产运行时，按下电气连接部分的控制柜上的启动按钮，上级搅拌造粒驱动装置34在变频器设定频率下启动，上级搅拌造粒驱动装置驱动搅拌造粒轴31转动。上级搅拌造粒轴上安装有搅刀32、造粒螺旋叶30，泥料经由输送皮带输送至挤泥槽29内。泥料经由搅刀32造粒螺旋叶30的搅拌、造粒作用下，泥料通过安装于过渡真空室24的塞网板安装板27固定安装的塞网板28，最终泥料通过中间过渡真空室24落入下真空箱体1。同时按下级启动按钮，下级驱动电机22在变频器设定频率下启动，下级驱动电机22带动下级驱动带轮21转动，下级驱动带轮21通过下级联组皮带20带动气动离合器上的带动气动离合器带轮19空转。真空泵组通过空气过滤器25将落入下真空箱体1泥料中的空气吸出。同时按下下级气动离合器带轮19的启动按钮，气动离合器带轮19的气源电磁阀工作，下级离合器带轮19通气吸合带动下级行星差速减速器14工作，下级行星差速减速器14通过键联接带动下挤出主轴12旋转运动，同时安装于下挤出主轴12上的压泥轴驱动齿13经过压泥轴对辊齿16，使压泥轴17转动，安装于压泥轴17上的压泥螺旋18随压泥轴17转动，将上级的泥料压入受料螺旋叶5处，受料螺旋叶5随挤出主轴12转动，将泥料输送至压缩螺旋叶6处，压缩螺旋叶6将泥料压缩后输送至挤压螺旋叶7处，挤压螺旋叶7进一步将泥料压缩挤压向前运动，泥料经过安装于泥缸2上的阻泥棒4时被打断，使得泥料不会经过各级螺旋叶长时间挤压而产生的螺旋纹，泥料受到后部泥料的挤压继续向前运动至挤出螺旋叶8处，经挤出螺旋叶8挤压进压力头9内，在经由成型模具11挤出进入下道生产工序。As shown in Figure 1, a vertical single-screw vacuum extruder, when the production is running, press the start button on the control cabinet of the electrical connection part, the upper-level stirring and granulation driving device 34 starts at the frequency set by the frequency converter, The upper-level stirring and granulation drive device drives the stirring and granulation shaft 31 to rotate. A mixing knife 32 and a granulation spiral blade 30 are installed on the upper stirring and granulating shaft, and the mud material is transported to the mud squeezing tank 29 via a conveying belt. Under the agitation and granulation of the mud material by the stirring blade 32 and the granulation spiral blade 30, the mud material passes through the plug mesh plate 28 fixedly installed on the plug mesh plate installation plate 27 installed in the transitional vacuum chamber 24, and finally the mud material passes through the intermediate transition vacuum chamber. The chamber 24 falls into the lower vacuum box 1 . Simultaneously press the lower start button, the lower driving motor 22 will start at the frequency set by the inverter, the lower driving motor 22 will drive the lower driving pulley 21 to rotate, and the lower driving pulley 21 will drive the driven pneumatic clutch on the pneumatic clutch through the lower cascading belt 20. Clutch pulley 19 idles. The vacuum pump group will suck out the air falling into the mud of the lower vacuum box body 1 through the air filter 25 . At the same time, press the start button of the lower-level pneumatic clutch pulley 19, the air source solenoid valve of the pneumatic clutch pulley 19 will work, and the lower-level clutch pulley 19 will be ventilated and closed to drive the lower-level planetary differential speed reducer 14 to work, and the lower-level planetary differential speed reducer 14 will work. The lower extrusion main shaft 12 is driven to rotate through the key connection, and the mud pressing shaft drive tooth 13 installed on the lower extrusion main shaft 12 passes through the mud pressing shaft to the roller teeth 16 to make the mud pressing shaft 17 rotate, and is installed on the mud pressing shaft 17 The upper mud-pressing screw 18 rotates with the mud-pressing shaft 17, and presses the superior mud material into the receiving screw blade 5, and the receiving screw blade 5 rotates with the extrusion spindle 12, and conveys the mud material to the compression screw blade 6, The compression screw blade 6 compresses the mud material and transports it to the extrusion screw blade 7, and the extrusion screw blade 7 further compresses and squeezes the mud material to move forward, and the mud material is crushed when it passes through the mud blocking rod 4 installed on the mud cylinder break, so that the mud will not pass through the spiral pattern produced by the long-term extrusion of the spiral leaves at all levels. The mud is squeezed by the rear mud and continues to move forward to the extrusion spiral blade 8, and the extrusion spiral blade 8 Extruded into the pressure head 9, then extruded through the molding die 11 into the next production process.
Claims (7)
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| CN106671270B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2022-04-08 | 遂昌处州窑青瓷有限公司 | Ceramic mud kneading manipulator |
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