CN105724455B - 一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂 - Google Patents

一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂 Download PDF

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CN105724455B
CN105724455B CN201610243379.8A CN201610243379A CN105724455B CN 105724455 B CN105724455 B CN 105724455B CN 201610243379 A CN201610243379 A CN 201610243379A CN 105724455 B CN105724455 B CN 105724455B
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李永裕
吴少华
王波
陈晓丹
柯博云
黄凌音
钟清兰
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂,其特征在于其组成按一定配比制成,由千层金精油1~7体积份和柠檬精油1~7体积份。该复合引诱剂能够高效引诱橘小实蝇雌性成虫和雄性成虫,进而杀灭,是一种环保的植物源引诱剂。

Description

一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂
技术领域
本发明涉及橘小实蝇的检疫与防治技术领域,具体涉及一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂。
背景技术
橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel),起源于东南亚地区,属于双翅目(Diptera)实蝇科(Tephritidae)寡鬃实蝇亚科(Dacinae)离腹寡毛实蝇属(Bactrocera)。由于气候适宜,加之四季皆有充足的食物来源,使得橘小实蝇的种群数量不断上升,并很快扩散到周边其他国家及地区。随着国际间的贸易往来越发频繁,且橘小实蝇有着很强的飞行能力,现在已经广泛分布于亚洲、非洲、大洋洲、美洲及太平洋诸岛等国家及地区。
橘小实蝇为杂食性害虫,能够为害柑橘、番石榴、芒果、辣椒、茄子、西红柿等250多种水果和蔬菜,严重影响其产量和品质,是一种重要的检疫性害虫。橘小实蝇对果蔬的为害主要是雌成虫产卵于果实内,使果实表皮形成产卵孔,而孵化出来的幼虫则蛀食果肉,导致果实腐烂。
目前对橘小实蝇的防治手段主要以喷施化学农药和悬挂引诱剂为主,张玉苹等(华南地区桔小实蝇田间种群抗药性的监测,华中农业大学学报,2008,04:456-459)和HsuJuChun等人(Chinese Journal of Entomology,2000,Vol.20 No.2:109-118)研究报道称由于化学农药不合理的使用,导致我国一些地区的橘小实蝇田间种群对有机磷杀虫剂、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯等农药已经产生了严重的抗药性。而诱杀橘小实蝇则是一种环保有效的防治手段,目前主要使用的是化学合成的甲基丁香酚(methyl eugenol,简称Me)诱剂,但据报道Me只对橘小实蝇雄虫有引诱效果,且引诱效果在不断减弱(黄素青,韩日畴.桔小实蝇的研究进展,昆虫知识,2005,05:479-484)。
现有专利技术中关于橘小实蝇引诱剂的研究大都围绕水解蛋白类或甲基丁香酚,对二者进行结合或者在其之上添加少量香精或化学物质等。如发明专利CN200910272419.1公开了一种桔小实蝇食诱性诱相结合的缓释型引诱剂,其主要组分按重量百分比计:碳水化合物1-20%,蛋白质来源物5-40%,甲基丁香酚0.5-20%,毒性组分0.01-10%,乳化剂0.5-5%,水分调节剂1-15%,防腐剂0.1-5%。发明专利CN 201110306174.7公开了一种桔小实蝇复合引诱剂,该复合引诱剂由糖蜜水溶液、复合水解蛋白水溶液和水果香精组成。发明专利CN 200610037490.8公开了一种桔小实蝇引诱剂,其组成按质量份数计,由甲基丁香酚5000-50份和丁酸乙酯1份组成。
而将植物源类引诱物作为主成分的引诱剂,开发得还比较少。植物源类的引诱剂直接取材于植物的花、叶、果等部位。其中,植物精油是植物体内的一种次生代谢物质,由分子量相对较小的简单化合物组成,具有一定芳香气味。在害虫防治领域,植物精油有着极强的抗菌抗虫作用,再加上其低毒,高效,环保,选择性高,防治对象不易产生抗性等特点,在农业和林业生产中发挥着重要作用。因此,从中寻找出对橘小实蝇雌雄虫均具有引诱作用的植物精油,并开发成一类既环保又高效的引诱剂,对检疫和防控橘小实蝇具有重要意义。
关于植物精油在引诱橘小实蝇方面的应用研究,除了香茅油以外,主要集中在寄主植物果实精油上,如申建梅等(柠檬精油的化学成分及其引诱活性,广东农业科学,2011,11:101-103)发现柠檬精油对产卵期橘小实蝇雌虫具有显著的引诱效果,在精油浓度为10μL/mL时,引诱率最高达85.0%。通过GC-MS分析其主要成分是柠檬烯、顺(反)式-苎烯氧化物和顺(反)式-香芹醇等化合物。胡黎明等(桃精油对桔小实蝇的引诱活性及挥发物化学成分分析,广东农业科学,2012,14:82-84)报道了桃精油对产卵期橘小实蝇雌虫也具有显著的引诱效果。此外甜橙精油、金柑精油等也相继被报道对橘小实蝇雌虫具有引诱作用。
发明专利201210144886.8公开了黄金宝树提取液对桔小实蝇的田间引诱效果明显,与市售引诱剂引诱效果相当。而关于植物复配精油及其复合物对橘小实蝇引诱作用的相关报道较少,如吴华等(桔小实蝇引诱剂改良之探讨,农药,2004,43(05):224-225)通过试验筛选出香茅油:甜橙香精:甲基丁香酚=2.5:47.5:50的引诱效果最好,引到雌虫占总虫数的5.36%。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种高效环保的橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂,其组成按照体积重量份配比为:千层金精油1~7份和柠檬精油1~7份。
上述组成优选千层金精油1体积份和柠檬精油1体积份。
所述千层金精油是用千层金叶片经水蒸气蒸馏得到油水混合物,通过离心和无水硫酸钠干燥过夜而得到。
所述柠檬精油是用柠檬果皮经冷冻,粉碎,水蒸气蒸馏得到油水混合物,通过离心和无水硫酸钠干燥过夜而得到。
本发明的橘小实蝇复合引诱剂的制备方法采用常规的方法混合得到。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的橘小实蝇复合引诱剂对性未成熟、性成熟和产卵期的橘小实蝇雌雄虫都具有很好的引诱效果。经实验表明,该复合引诱剂对产卵期雌虫的引诱率为42.5%,对性成熟期雄虫的引诱率高达86.7%。并且该复合引诱剂含有橘小实蝇性信息素合成的前体物质-甲基丁香酚及寄主植物柠檬的挥发性物质,使性诱与食诱相结合,能够更好的引诱橘小实蝇,其材料来源于植物,不易产生抗药性,易降解,环保高效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步解释本发明,但不对本发明构成任何形式的限制。除有特殊说明外,以下实施例中的方法步骤及试剂均为本领域常用。
实施例1:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按1:7(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的3.7倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达3.0%。
实施例2:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按1:5(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的3.8倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达8.8%。
实施例3:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按1:3(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的4.2倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达21.7%。
实施例4:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按1:1(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的4.4倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达42.5%。
实施例5:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按3:1(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的3.7倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达5%。
实施例6:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按5:1(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的5.8倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达5%。
实施例7:
将千层金精油和柠檬精油按7:1(V:V)混匀得到橘小实蝇复合引诱剂,对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的4.3倍,对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率达23.8%。
实施例8:
分别取实施例1-7得到的复合引诱剂2μL进行橘小实蝇的室内引诱活性测定。实验重复6次,结果表明对4~5日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的3.7~5.8倍,而对7~8日龄和15~16日龄雄虫的引诱率是甲基丁香酚的0.5~1.0倍;对15~16日龄雌虫的引诱率为3.0~42.5%,而对4~5日龄和7~8日龄雌虫的引诱率为2~14.2%,见表1。
表1 不同配比的复配精油对橘小实蝇的引诱效果
注:表中数据为平均数±标准误,同列数据后面不同小写字母表示经方差分析差异显著(P<0.05)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂,其特征在于:其组成按照体积份配比为:千层金精油1份和柠檬精油1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂,其特征在于:所述千层金精油是用千层金叶片经水蒸气蒸馏得到油水混合物,通过离心和无水硫酸钠干燥过夜而得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种橘小实蝇雌雄双诱的复合引诱剂,其特征在于:所述柠檬精油是用柠檬果皮经冷冻,粉碎,水蒸气蒸馏得到油水混合物,通过离心和无水硫酸钠干燥过夜而得到。
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CN106818923A (zh) * 2017-01-24 2017-06-13 福建农林大学 一种诱杀橘小实蝇的微胶囊悬浮剂
CN107494629A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2017-12-22 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种实蝇类害虫植物引诱组合物及其制备方法
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CN115363030B (zh) * 2022-09-14 2023-08-18 河南科技大学 一种桔小实蝇雌雄双诱引诱剂及其应用

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