A kind of vegetation blanket nutrient matrix, compound nutritional substrate and ecological vegetation carpet
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ecological slope protection, be specifically related to a kind of vegetation blanket nutrient matrix, also relate to a kind of vegetation blanket compound nutritional substrate and ecological vegetation carpet.
Background technology
Along with water and soil conservation, ecological balance and environmental conservation are created and have a strong impact on by the large-scale development of the Large scale construction of national expressway network and mine, the roadbed side slope of a large amount of new highway railway networks and the bare side sloping of a large amount of excavation, cause heavy losses.Slope failure exposed in a large number regional area original ecological balance, under environment affects with engineering factor, Slope body very easily bring out cave in, the geological disaster such as landslide, not only can directly result in soil erosion and destroy engineering construction itself, and by environment and safe disaster people life property safety can be impacted and threaten.Therefore, it must reasonably be protected after being formed by bare side sloping in time, to reduce the generation of environment and safe disaster.Slope vegetation protection technology is a kind of novel ecological side slope protection technology grown up in recent decades, represents the developing direction of current ecological vestige.
At present, for vegetation on slope problem, many scholars and engineers and technicians have carried out relevant research, develop thick photoresist Spray turfing, hydraulic pressure gushs the technology such as grass planting, but these methods or because difficulty of construction is big, or because of shortcomings such as protection effect differences, it is impossible to it is widely used in the vegetation on slope of high steep bare rock or soil property difference.And emerging vegetation blanket bank protection mainly applies to soft gentle slope, its structure function can not meet the restoration of the ecosystem of high steep rock mass slope.As: traditional vegetation blanket often adopts plastics PP net as the material of sewing fabric fibre, owing to plastics PP net tensile strength is less, and can slowly degrade, it is impossible to the topsoil on effectively fixing rock slope and soil property abrupt slope, it is unfavorable for plant planting, is only applicable to the construction surface that the gradient is less.
In side slope protection engineering, soil or the soil of the often not applicable plant growing of the side slope of high steep bare rock or soil property difference are barrenr, and fertility is low and comparatively dry;When carrying out vegetation blanket protection, traditional vegetation blanket is based on fixing stratum reticulare, and the nutrient substance carried is less, and water holding capacity is strong, and plant is often as lack nutrition and/or moisture and survival rate is low, it is difficult to planting also forms vegetation, and ecological protection effect is undesirable.
In prior art, CN204482412U discloses a kind of multifunctional housetop greening vegetation blanket composite module, including several multifunctional housetop greening vegetation blanket assembled units, each multifunctional housetop greening vegetation blanket assembled unit includes the stopping area, sound-insulating layer, plantation layer, plant fiber layer and the cover layer that set gradually from bottom to top;The material of wherein said stopping area is geotextiles, and the material of sound-insulating layer is lightweight batholith fibre board, and plantation layer is Nutrition Soil, and cover layer adopts polypropylene net.In this roof greening vegetation blanket, plantation layer is independent one layer, between sound-insulating layer and plant fiber layer, raw material owing to planting layer is generally bulk material, easily scatter when production and processing and greening construction and scatter, or the situation of skewness occurs, had a strong impact on the quality of vegetation blanket;Its common Nutrition Soil fertility and water-holding capacity are not high, and the setting of sound-insulating layer makes its vegetation blanket be only suitable for roof greening, is not suitable for side slope protection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of vegetation blanket nutrient matrix, improve fertility and the water holding capacity of vegetation blanket, protecting slope ecology is effective.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of vegetation blanket compound nutritional substrate.
3rd purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological vegetation carpet.
In order to realize object above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of vegetation blanket nutrient matrix, is made up of the component of following mass percent: the wheat straw 20%~60% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut palm bran 20%~60%, rural area soil 20%.
Wherein, the wheat straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in becomes thoroughly decomposed through banking up after adding decomposing agent in wheat straw and makes.Described decomposing agent is wheat straw decomposing agent, and the consumption of decomposing agent is: every 100m3Wheat straw material adds decomposing agent 15~20kg.Time become thoroughly decomposed of banking up is 3~4 months.
Each component ratio in nutrient matrix constitutes and can be adjusted according to the difference of vegetation blanket nutritional need and construction requirement, has stronger motility in application.The preparation method of described vegetation blanket nutrient matrix: each component is pressed formula ratio mixing, obtains the nutrient matrix of bulk.
The vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present invention, by the wheat straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut palm bran with rural area soil is composite forms, nutritious, fertility is high, can not only provide planting and the required nutrition of growth for vegetation, and have good Water storage;It is laid in ecological vegetation carpet, processing and construction of prevention work are very convenient, can guarantee that plant success planting and form vegetation, applied widely, it is particularly suited for the side slope protection of high steep bare rock or soil property difference, solve be suitable for the soil of plant growing or soil barrenr time the big problem of side slope protection difficulty, be suitable for promoting the use of.
A kind of vegetation blanket compound nutritional substrate, the nutrient matrix described in Plant fiber and claim 1 forms, and the mass ratio of Plant fiber and nutrient matrix is (200~400): (500~1000).
Described Plant fiber is the mixture of coconut shred fiber, wheat straw or coconut shred fiber and wheat straw.Also referred to as coir fibre in described coconut shred fiber prior art.Preferably, coconut shred fiber is with the mixture of wheat straw, and the mass ratio of coconut shred fiber and wheat straw is 1:1.
A kind of ecological vegetation carpet, including the grid layer set gradually from bottom to top, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating;The hole of described plant fiber layer is filled with nutrient matrix.
Described grid layer, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating are stitched together.Described nutrient matrix is above-mentioned vegetation blanket nutrient matrix.
The thickness of this ecological vegetation carpet is 2~5cm.The Unit Weight of this ecological vegetation carpet is 900~1700g/m2。
Described grid layer is earth grille.Described earth grille is with glass fibre for raw material, adopts the lattice structure that weaving is made, and processes the geosynthetics grid of technique through surface-coated.The main component of glass fibre is silicon oxide, and it is inorganic material;The physicochemical property of earth grille is extremely stable, and have that intensity is big, modulus is high and high-wearing feature, high tolerance to cold, without the feature such as long-term creep, Heat stability is good.Preferably, the grid specification of described earth grille is 4cm × 4cm;Fracture strength is all higher than 25KN/m in length and breadth;Weight per unit area is 150~200g/m2.Earth grille is positioned at the bottom of ecological vegetation carpet, adopt earth grille as the bottom of vegetation blanket, substantially increase the tensile strength of vegetation blanket and lasting soil and slope protection effect so that ecological vegetation carpet can better adapt to various severe execution conditions.
Described application of anti-leakage layers is non-woven fabrics.Application of anti-leakage layers is laid on grid layer, under plant fiber layer, is made up of non-woven fabrics;Primarily serve the effect preventing the nutrient matrix in plant fiber layer from scattering seepage in work progress so that Nutrient medium mass-energy provides the fertility of continuous and effective in plant planting initial stage and late growing stage process for plant growing.
Described plant fiber layer is coconut shred fibrous layer, wheat straw layer or mixed fiber layer.Plant fiber in described mixed fiber layer is the mixture of coconut shred fiber and wheat straw;Preferably, in described mixed fiber layer, the mass ratio of coconut shred fiber and wheat straw is 1:1.
Plant fiber layer is mainly made up of Plant fiber, is filled with nutrient matrix in hole.Plant fiber's (coconut shred fiber and/or wheat straw) in plant fiber layer primarily serves stable, to connect plant root system to form the effect of complete vegetation, and it can also optimize Soil structure in slow degradation process, improves plant root soil environment.
Preferably, the thickness of described plant fiber layer is 1~3cm, and per total wt is 700~1400g/m2;Wherein, Plant fiber is (200~400) with the mass ratio of the nutrient matrix of filling: (500~1000).It is to say, in plant fiber layer, the Unit Weight of Plant fiber is 200~400g/m2;The Unit Weight of nutrient matrix is 500~1000g/m2.The nutrient matrix weight that unit are is filled can be adjusted according to the difference of vegetation blanket nutritional need and construction requirement, has stronger motility in application.
Described surface coating is plastic wire.Preferably, described plastic wire is PP (polypropylene) net.Surface coating plays the effect of fixing nutrient matrix, plant fiber layer and application of anti-leakage layers together with grid layer.
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present invention, including the grid layer set gradually from bottom to top, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating, is filled with nutrient matrix in the hole of described plant fiber layer;Grid and non-woven fabrics, Plant fiber and the light-duty nutrient matrix of high intensity are combined by this ecological vegetation carpet, and nutrient matrix is filled in plant fiber layer, is evenly distributed, and is not easily scattered when production and processing and construction of prevention work and spills, good stability;This ecological vegetation carpet not only has the ecological functions of planting plant, and tensile strength is high, it is adaptable to the side slope protection construction surface of various execution conditions, highly versatile, cost is low, applied widely;As ecological slope protection vegetation blanket, be mainly used in the revegetation of rock matter high gradient slope, riverbank, highway, railway slope, it is also possible in barren slight slope or abandoned mine side slope quick planting with reclaim, protection effect is good, easy construction, is suitable for promoting the use of.
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present invention is in the preparation, Plant fiber is mixed and made into compound nutritional substrate with nutrient matrix, according to grid layer, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer, surface coating order, compound nutritional substrate is laid in application of anti-leakage layers and forms plant fiber layer, cover upper surface cover layer again, to obtain final product;Or, Plant fiber is laid, then nutrient matrix is layered on Plant fiber, make nutrient matrix be filled in the hole of Plant fiber by vibration or other modes, form plant fiber layer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ecological vegetation carpet of embodiment 4.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
The vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment, is made up of the component of following mass percent: the wheat straw 60% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut palm bran 20%, rural area soil 20%.Wherein, described in become thoroughly decomposed to become thoroughly decomposed through banking up after wheat straw adds wheat straw decomposing agent in wheat straw and make, the consumption of wheat straw decomposing agent is: every 100m3Wheat straw material adds wheat straw decomposing agent 15kg, and the time become thoroughly decomposed of banking up is 4 months.
The preparation method of the vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment: each component is pressed formula ratio mixing, obtains the nutrient matrix of bulk.
Embodiment 2
The vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment, is made up of the component of following mass percent: the wheat straw 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut palm bran 60%, rural area soil 20%.Wherein, described in become thoroughly decomposed to become thoroughly decomposed through banking up after wheat straw adds wheat straw decomposing agent in wheat straw and make, the consumption of wheat straw decomposing agent is: every 100m3Wheat straw material adds wheat straw decomposing agent 20kg, and the time become thoroughly decomposed of banking up is 3 months.
The preparation method of the vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment: each component is pressed formula ratio mixing, obtains the nutrient matrix of bulk.
Embodiment 3
The vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment, is made up of the component of following mass percent: the wheat straw 40% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut palm bran 40%, rural area soil 20%.Wherein, described in become thoroughly decomposed to become thoroughly decomposed through banking up after wheat straw adds wheat straw decomposing agent in wheat straw and make, the consumption of wheat straw decomposing agent is: every 100m3Wheat straw material adds wheat straw decomposing agent 18kg, and the time become thoroughly decomposed of banking up is 3 months.
The preparation method of the vegetation blanket nutrient matrix of the present embodiment: each component is pressed formula ratio mixing, obtains the nutrient matrix of bulk.
Embodiment 4
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment, for ecological slope protection vegetation blanket, as it is shown in figure 1, include the grid layer 1, application of anti-leakage layers 2, plant fiber layer 3 and the surface coating 5 that set gradually from bottom to top;The hole of described plant fiber layer 3 is filled with the nutrient matrix 4 described in embodiment 1.Described grid layer 1, application of anti-leakage layers 2, plant fiber layer 3 and surface coating 5 are stitched together.The thickness of described ecological slope protection vegetation blanket is 2cm;Weight is 900g/m2。
Wherein, described grid layer 1 is earth grille, and grid specification is 4cm × 4cm;Fracture strength is all higher than 25KN/m in length and breadth;Weight per unit area is 150g/m2。
Described application of anti-leakage layers 2 is nonwoven layer.Described plant fiber layer 3 is coconut shred fibrous layer, and thickness is 1cm, and the Unit Weight of coconut shred fiber is 200g/m2, the weight of the nutrient matrix 5 wherein filled is 500g/m2(namely coconut shred fiber is 200:500 with the mass ratio of nutrient matrix).Described surface coating 4 is PP net.
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment is in the preparation, Plant fiber is mixed and made into compound nutritional substrate with nutrient matrix, according to grid layer, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer, surface coating order, compound nutritional substrate is laid in application of anti-leakage layers and forms plant fiber layer, cover upper surface cover layer again, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 5
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment, for ecological slope protection vegetation blanket (basic structure is with embodiment 4), including the grid layer set gradually from bottom to top, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating;The hole of described plant fiber layer is filled with the nutrient matrix described in embodiment 2.Described grid layer, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating are stitched together.The thickness of described ecological slope protection vegetation blanket is 5cm;Weight is 1700g/m2。
Wherein, described grid layer is earth grille, and grid specification is 4cm × 4cm;Fracture strength is all higher than 25KN/m in length and breadth;Weight per unit area is 200g/m2。
Described application of anti-leakage layers is nonwoven layer;Described plant fiber layer is wheat straw layer, and thickness is 3cm, and the weight of wheat straw is 400g/m2, the weight of the nutrient matrix wherein filled is 1000g/m2(namely wheat straw is 400:1000 with the mass ratio of nutrient matrix);Described surface coating is PP net.
The preparation method of the ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment is with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 6
The ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment, for ecological slope protection vegetation blanket (basic structure is with embodiment 4), including the grid layer set gradually from bottom to top, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating;The hole of described plant fiber layer is filled with the nutrient matrix described in embodiment 3.Described grid layer, application of anti-leakage layers, plant fiber layer and surface coating are stitched together.The thickness of described ecological slope protection vegetation blanket is 3.5cm;Weight is 1300g/m2。
Wherein, described grid layer is earth grille, and grid specification is 4cm × 4cm;Fracture strength is all higher than 25KN/m in length and breadth;Weight per unit area is 170g/m2。
Described application of anti-leakage layers is nonwoven layer;Described plant fiber layer is mixed fiber layer, and thickness is 1cm, and the weight of composite fibre (mixture that mass ratio is 1:1 of coconut shred fiber and wheat straw) is 300g/m2, the weight of the nutrient matrix wherein filled is 750g/m2(namely composite fibre is 300:750 with the mass ratio of nutrient matrix);Described surface coating is PP net.
The preparation method of the ecological vegetation carpet of the present embodiment is with embodiment 4.
The ecological protection vegetation blanket of above-described embodiment, the grid of high intensity and non-woven fabrics, Plant fiber and light-duty nutrient matrix being combined, nutrient matrix is filled in plant fiber layer, is evenly distributed, not easily it is scattered when production and processing and construction of prevention work and spills, good stability;This ecological vegetation carpet not only has the ecological functions of planting plant, and tensile strength is high, it is adaptable to the side slope protection construction surface of various execution conditions, highly versatile, cost is low, applied widely;As ecological slope protection vegetation blanket, be mainly used in the revegetation of rock matter high gradient slope, riverbank, highway, railway slope, it is also possible in barren slight slope or abandoned mine side slope quick planting with reclaim, protection effect is good, easy construction, is suitable for promoting the use of.