CN105714831A - Abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting foundation pit side wall and construction method of abnormal-shape double-row pile - Google Patents
Abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting foundation pit side wall and construction method of abnormal-shape double-row pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN105714831A CN105714831A CN201610075114.1A CN201610075114A CN105714831A CN 105714831 A CN105714831 A CN 105714831A CN 201610075114 A CN201610075114 A CN 201610075114A CN 105714831 A CN105714831 A CN 105714831A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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Abstract
The invention discloses an abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting a foundation pit side wall and a construction method of the abnormal-shape double-row pile. The abnormal-shape double-row pile comprises a reinforced concrete filling pile, a front row pile crown beam, a cement soil stirring wall, structural steel, a back row wall crown beam and a rigid-frame beam; the front row pile crown beam is connected to the top of the reinforced concrete filling pile, a front row pile is formed by connecting the reinforced concrete filling pile and the front row pile crown beam, and the structural steel with preset lengths is inserted into the cement soil stirring wall at a preset interval; the back row wall crown beam is connected to the top of the cement soil stirring wall, and a back row wall is formed by connecting the cement soil stirring wall, the structural steel and the back row wall crown beam; and the front row pile and the back row pile are connected through the rigid-frame beam to form the abnormal-shape double-row pile. The abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting the foundation pit side wall is simple in structure, rapid and convenient to construct, low in manufacturing cost, free of limitation of red lines in a building yard and underground facilities around a foundation pit and capable of combining the soil blocking effect and the water stopping effect of the foundation pit together.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ground foundation engineering technical field, be specifically related to special-shaped double-row pile and the construction method thereof of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of Process of Urbanization Construction and carrying forward vigorously of cities and towns My Perspective On The Co-building, the underground installation construction such as underground parking, underground commerce square, underground railway is required for carrying out pattern foundation pit supporting structure.These base pit engineerings often have the following characteristics that outer wall of basement next-door neighbour's building plans red line；The underground installations such as foundation ditch periphery existing building and pipe network are distributed in a large number；Level of ground water is higher.Thus, tradition Base hole supporting technology is made to there are three below serious problems: (1) tradition plate brad supporting, composite soil nailing, pile anchoring technology are required for constructing in the horizontal direction the long soil nailing of tens of rice or anchor pole, often surmount building plans red line, periphery existing building basement sideline or the impact by facilities such as underground pipe networks so that the application of these support technologies is restricted；(2) although tradition cantilever pile supporting or inner support support technology are without soil nailing or anchor bolt construction, can construct within the scope of building plans red line, do not imposed by circumferentially dividing into, but cantilever pile support technology rigidity is low, foundation depth is usually no more than 6 meters, and the deformation of stake top is relatively big, therefore engineer applied is subject to a definite limitation；Substantial amounts of reinforced beam or steel structure supporting component and inner support support technology need to be constructed in the planar range of excavation of foundation pit, not only affect earth excavation and underground foundation and construction, and for Large Foundation Pit, installation and the dismounting of a large amount of supporting members not only extend the duration but also increase cost；(3) for there is the foundation ditch of subsoil water, for reducing the level of ground water impact on periphery existing building and underground pipe network facility, tradition Base hole supporting technology also needs to construct one continuous print waterproof of man wall to stop the outer subsurface flow of foundation ditch to enter in foundation ditch at foundation ditch periphery, and the construction of waterproof of man wall is greatly prolonged the duration of a project, increases construction costs.
For solving the problem of tradition Base hole supporting technology, adopted the double-row pile technology that two placing of reinforcement cast-in-place concrete piles are formed to begin in architectural engineering in recent years and applied.Compared with tradition Base hole supporting technology, there is advantages below in existing double-row pile technology: (1), will not because its supporting construction exceedes property line or is restricted by the restriction of underground pipe network facility without soil nailing or anchor bolt construction；(2) forward and backward placing of reinforcement cast-in-place concrete pile is connected by beam slab, forms portal frame structure, and integral rigidity is very big, has the ability of obvious resistance to deformation, and Supporting Structure deformation is little, and the supporting foundation pit degree of depth is big；(3) need not construct in the planar range of excavation of foundation pit substantial amounts of reinforced beam or steel pipe of Double-row-piles Structure forms inner support, and the duration shortens, and cost reduces.The problem of subsoil water when but existing double-row pile technology is solve excavation of foundation pit, waterproof of man wall of often constructing again outside double-row pile or in the middle of two campsheds intercepts water, consequently leads to two serious problems: during (1) Double-row Piles Support, rear campshed stress is generally less than front campshed stress many, and rear campshed still adopts the obvious uneconomical practicality of deposited reinforced concrete pile；(2) the waterproof of man wall in double-row pile needs individually construction, normally only considers its effect of intercepting water, and is left out its gear soil effect, not only waste material, increases cost, also extend the duration.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes conventional art and the deficiencies in the prior art, special-shaped double-row pile and the construction method thereof of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall are provided, the special-shaped double-row pile of this supporting foundation pit sidewall has simple in construction, construct convenient, cheap remarkable advantage, and not by the restriction of building yard red line and foundation ditch periphery underground installation, additionally it is possible to foundation ditch gear soil effect is united two into one with sealing effect.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of special-shaped double-row pile of supporting foundation pit sidewall, including deposited reinforced concrete pile, front-seat dowel crown beam, Soil-cement Wall, shaped steel, heel row wall Guan Liang and rigit-frame beam, described deposited reinforced concrete pile is distributed according to default spacing on foundation ditch limit, the top of described deposited reinforced concrete pile is connected to described front-seat dowel crown beam, described deposited reinforced concrete pile is connected campshed before formation with described front-seat dowel crown beam, described Soil-cement Wall be arranged in parallel according to default spacing and described front campshed, described Soil-cement Wall is pressed preset pitch and inserts the described shaped steel of preset length, described Soil-cement Wall top is connected to heel row wall Guan Liang, described Soil-cement Wall is connected formation heel row wall with described shaped steel and described heel row wall Guan Liang, it is connected to rigit-frame beam between described front-seat dowel crown beam and described heel row wall hat beam, described front campshed is connected the special-shaped double-row pile of formation with described heel row wall by described rigit-frame beam.
Preferably, described front-seat dowel crown beam and described heel row wall Guan Liang are reinforced beam.
Preferably, described rigit-frame beam is cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete beam or plate.
Preferably, described Soil-cement is inserted with shaped steel according to default spacing and length within the walls.
The construction method of the special-shaped double-row pile of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall, comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting machinery along foundation ditch periphery by predetermined depth boring, then put into the steel reinforcement cage made in advance concrete perfusion in this hole, make deposited reinforced concrete pile, deposited reinforced concrete pile is distributed along foundation ditch periphery according to default spacing；
(2) certain trestle column is kept with deposited reinforced concrete pile, adopt the mode masonry cement soil stirring wall of mechanical execution, in Soil-cement Wall, insert outer surface according to preset pitch and length according to designing requirement and smear the shaped steel of interleaving agent, shaped steel top beyond 30-50 centimetre of the back portion of heel row wall hat preset, the length of shaped steel less than, equal to or more than the degree of depth of Soil-cement Wall；
(3) concrete at deposited reinforced concrete pile top is cut, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for default front-seat dowel crown depth of beam, cut the soil cement at Soil-cement Wall top, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for default heel row wall hat depth of beam, install the template of front-seat dowel crown beam, heel row wall Guan Liang and rigit-frame beam, the good reinforcing bar of colligation, then one-piece casting concrete, namely complete the construction of special-shaped double-row pile；
(4) after the intensity of special-shaped double-row pile reaches designing requirement, the soil body within the scope of excavation pit until bottom foundation ditch, and synchronize at the bottom of front-seat dowel crown beam to the Foundation Pit wall construction concrete topping in scope at the bottom of foundation ditch.
Compared with existing double-row pile technology, the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
(1) the heel row wall stress of special-shaped double-row pile is relatively small, adopts the Soil-cement Wall of interpolation shaped steel can give full play to its intensity, and plays well gear soil effect；(2) inserting shaped steel in Soil-cement Wall, construct very convenient, and working measure can be taked to ensure, and all pulling out shaped steel after basement construction completes is recycled, construction costs is substantially reduced；(3) Soil-cement Wall of heel row wall is one waterproof subterranean wall of continuous print, can effectively stop the outer subsurface flow of foundation ditch to enter foundation ditch, it is achieved water stopping function.The present invention can realize foundation pit supporting construction gear soil and unite two into one with water stopping function, construct convenient, cost is low, the duration is short.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of the special-shaped Double-row-piles Structure of the present invention a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of A-A section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of B-B section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of C-C section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of D-D section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of E-E section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is the generalized section of Fig. 4 Shaped Steel another kind arrangement mode.
In figure:
Deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 concrete 11
Vertical muscle 12 tie hoop 13
Stiffener 14 Soil-cement Wall 2
The front-seat dowel crown beam 4 of H profile steel 3
Heel row wall hat beam 5 rigit-frame beam 6
Concrete topping 7
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, the special-shaped double-row pile of the present invention a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall, including deposited reinforced concrete pile 1, Soil-cement Wall 2, H profile steel 3, front-seat dowel crown beam 4, heel row wall hat beam 5 and rigit-frame beam 6, deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 is by concrete 11, vertical muscle 12, tie hoop 13 and stiffener 14 form, vertical muscle 12 is arranged on the length direction of deposited reinforced concrete pile 1, tie hoop 13 is spirally wrapped around the outside of vertical muscle 12, stiffener 14 is rounded, the length direction of deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 is welded on the inner side of vertical muscle 12 at a certain distance, form steel reinforcement cage, front-seat dowel crown beam 4 and heel row wall hat beam 5 are reinforced beam, rigit-frame beam 6 is cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete beam.In the implementation case, shaped steel is H profile steel 3 (shaped steel can also adopt other shaped steel such as i shaped steel), Soil-cement Wall 2 is the continuous print body of wall (Soil-cement Wall can also adopt TRD engineering method to construct) formed by cement mixing method successively lapping construction, and the outer surface of H profile steel 3 has smeared the center insert continually after interleaving agent at cement mixing method.
Deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 is distributed according to default spacing at foundation ditch periphery, and the front-seat dowel crown beam 4 being connected with at its top forms front campshed, cement mixing method and front campshed keep certain distance lapping construction to form Soil-cement Wall 2, Soil-cement Wall 2 is paralleled with deposited reinforced concrete pile 1, the shaped steel 3 of preset length is inserted in the center of cement mixing method, Soil-cement Wall 2 and shaped steel 3 and form heel row wall at the heel row wall hat beam 5 of Soil-cement Wall 2 top construction, front campshed and heel row wall are connected by rigit-frame beam 6 and form abnormal shape double-row pile.
Fig. 1 is the profile of the special-shaped double-row pile of the present invention a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall, the construction method of the special-shaped double-row pile of the present invention a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall, and its construction procedure is as follows:
(1) adopt machinery along foundation ditch periphery by predetermined depth boring, then in this hole, put into the steel reinforcement cage made in advance being made up of vertical muscle 12, tie hoop 13 and stiffener 14 concrete perfusion 11, making deposited reinforced concrete pile 1, deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 is distributed along foundation ditch periphery according to default spacing；
(2) certain trestle column is kept with deposited reinforced concrete pile 1, cement mixing method is overlapped formation Soil-cement Wall 2 by mode successively that adopt mechanical execution, outer surface in H profile steel 3 smears interleaving agent, then H profile steel 3 is inserted in the center of every cement mixing method according to preset length, the top of shaped steel 3 exceeds 30-50 centimetre of the top of default heel row wall hat beam 5, the length of H profile steel 3 is determined by calculating, is smaller than according to actual needs, equal to or more than the degree of depth of Soil-cement Wall；
(3) concrete at deposited reinforced concrete pile 1 top is cut, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for the height of default front-seat dowel crown beam 4, cut the soil cement at Soil-cement Wall 2 top, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for the height of default heel row wall hat beam 5, it is preced with the shaped steel 3 surrounding parcel 1-2 layer plastic sheeting in beam 5 altitude range at heel row wall, install the template of front-seat dowel crown beam 4, heel row wall hat beam 5 and rigit-frame beam 6, the good reinforcing bar of colligation, one-piece casting concrete again, namely completes the construction of special-shaped double-row pile；
(4) after the intensity of special-shaped double-row pile reaches designing requirement, the soil body within the scope of excavation pit is until bottom foundation ditch, and synchronizes the Foundation Pit wall construction concrete topping 7 within front-seat dowel crown beam 4 end to scope at the bottom of foundation ditch.
Due to the utilization of technique scheme, compared with existing double-row pile technology, the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
(1) the special-shaped double-row pile of a kind of supporting foundation pit of present invention sidewall is mainly connected to form by rigit-frame beam 6 by front campshed and heel row wall, owing to heel row wall stress is relatively small, adopting Soil-cement Wall 2 to be inserted into H profile steel 3 makes the stress of heel row wall more reasonable, intensity plays more abundant, and saves construction costs；(2) owing to H profile steel 3 surrounding is coated with interleaving agent, after basement construction completes, H profile steel 3 can pull out recovery from Soil-cement Wall 2, is possible not only to avoid the formation of the permanent barrier in underground, and the H profile steel 3 pulled out can reclaim and reuse, save fund and cost；(3) Soil-cement Wall 2 is one continuous print underground cement soil wall, can effectively stop the outer subsurface flow of foundation ditch to enter foundation ditch, simultaneously work as well gear soil effect.The gear soil of foundation pit supporting construction is united two into one by the special-shaped double-row pile of the present invention a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall with water stopping function, has both ensured engineering safety, and waterproof of man wall of need not individually constructing again is not only constructed convenient, and is greatly shortened the duration, saves cost.
A kind of prioritization scheme as the present invention, when Soil-cement Wall 2 is constructed deeper because sealing needs, H profile steel 3 is under the premise meeting retaining support function, it is possible to need not be inserted into the bottom of Soil-cement Wall 2, and namely H profile steel 3 intubating length is less than Soil-cement Wall 2 degree of depth.
As a kind of prioritization scheme of the present invention, when H profile steel 3 is constructed longer because supporting needs, Soil-cement Wall 2 is under the premise meeting water stopping function, it is possible to the bottom of H profile steel of need not constructing 3, and namely H profile steel 3 intubating length is more than Soil-cement Wall 2 degree of depth.
As the another kind of prioritization scheme of the present invention, as it is shown in fig. 7, when moment of flexure suffered by Soil-cement Wall 2 is less, H profile steel 3 can be inserted at interval in cement earth pile.
Below it is only the concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not constituted any limitation.All employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technical scheme that formed, or any construction technology or distribution form to heretofore described heel row wall or mode of putting more energy into, or any front campshed and heel row wall connected mode, all fall within rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the special-shaped double-row pile of a supporting foundation pit sidewall, including deposited reinforced concrete pile, front-seat dowel crown beam, Soil-cement Wall, shaped steel, heel row wall Guan Liang and rigit-frame beam, it is characterized in that: described deposited reinforced concrete pile is distributed according to default spacing on foundation ditch limit, the top of described deposited reinforced concrete pile is connected to described front-seat dowel crown beam, described deposited reinforced concrete pile is connected campshed before formation with described front-seat dowel crown beam, described Soil-cement Wall be arranged in parallel according to default spacing and described front campshed, described Soil-cement Wall is pressed preset pitch and inserts the described shaped steel of preset length, described Soil-cement Wall top is connected to described heel row wall Guan Liang, described Soil-cement Wall is connected formation heel row wall with described shaped steel and described heel row wall Guan Liang, it is connected to described rigit-frame beam between described front-seat dowel crown beam and described heel row wall hat beam, described front campshed is connected the special-shaped double-row pile of formation with described heel row wall by described rigit-frame beam.
2. the special-shaped double-row pile of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described front-seat dowel crown beam and described heel row wall Guan Liang are reinforced beam.
3. the special-shaped double-row pile of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described rigit-frame beam is cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete beam or plate.
4. the special-shaped double-row pile of a kind of supporting foundation pit sidewall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Soil-cement is inserted with shaped steel according to default spacing and length within the walls.
5. the construction method of the special-shaped double-row pile of the supporting foundation pit sidewall applied as described in claim any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) adopting machinery along foundation ditch periphery by predetermined depth boring, then put into the steel reinforcement cage made in advance concrete perfusion in this hole, make deposited reinforced concrete pile, deposited reinforced concrete pile is distributed along foundation ditch periphery according to default spacing；
(2) certain trestle column is kept with deposited reinforced concrete pile, adopt the mode masonry cement soil stirring wall of mechanical execution, in Soil-cement Wall, insert outer surface according to preset pitch and length according to designing requirement and smear the shaped steel of interleaving agent, shaped steel top beyond 30-50 centimetre of the back portion of heel row wall hat preset, the length of shaped steel less than, equal to or more than the degree of depth of Soil-cement Wall；
(3) concrete at deposited reinforced concrete pile top is cut, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for default front-seat dowel crown depth of beam, cut the soil cement at Soil-cement Wall top, cut the altitude range highly deducting 5-10cm for default heel row wall hat depth of beam, install the template of front-seat dowel crown beam, heel row wall Guan Liang and rigit-frame beam, the good reinforcing bar of colligation, then one-piece casting concrete, namely complete the construction of special-shaped double-row pile；
(4) after the intensity of special-shaped double-row pile reaches designing requirement, the soil body within the scope of excavation pit until bottom foundation ditch, and synchronize at the bottom of front-seat dowel crown beam to the Foundation Pit wall construction concrete topping in scope at the bottom of foundation ditch.
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| CN201610075114.1A CN105714831A (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting foundation pit side wall and construction method of abnormal-shape double-row pile |
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| CN201610075114.1A CN105714831A (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Abnormal-shape double-row pile for supporting foundation pit side wall and construction method of abnormal-shape double-row pile |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107503355A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-22 | 广东省建筑工程集团有限公司 | Shaped steel formula double-row pile foundation pit supporting system and its construction method are inserted after outer row |
| CN108071118A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-05-25 | 上海岩土工程勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of supporting construction and its construction method and the overlapping piling wall for also serving as supporting construction |
| CN110939139A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-31 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile slab wall structure based on rigid contact of post-pile special-shaped retaining wall and construction method thereof |
| CN110952567A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-03 | 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 | Front wall and rear pile composite double-row foundation pit supporting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112627188A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 武汉鑫弘博岩土工程有限公司 | Deep foundation pit supporting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113338304A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-03 | 河北工业大学 | HZ type foundation pit support structure combined with prestressed anchor cables and use method |
| CN113668554A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳宏业基岩土科技股份有限公司 | Construction method of foundation pit supporting structure adjacent to building |
| CN113981990A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-01-28 | 索泰克(北京)岩土科技有限公司 | Concrete supporting structure with profile steel inserted therein and construction method thereof |
| CN114411762A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-04-29 | 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 | Rear-anchor type rigid foundation pit supporting structure and construction method |
| CN115478808A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-16 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Construction method for isolating H-shaped steel and concrete crown beam of SMW (soil mixing wall) construction method pile |
| CN116556363A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-08-08 | 广东建邦兴业集团有限公司 | Foundation pit collapse-preventing supporting structure for building construction |
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| CN107503355A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-22 | 广东省建筑工程集团有限公司 | Shaped steel formula double-row pile foundation pit supporting system and its construction method are inserted after outer row |
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| CN108071118A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-05-25 | 上海岩土工程勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of supporting construction and its construction method and the overlapping piling wall for also serving as supporting construction |
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| CN110939139A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-31 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile slab wall structure based on rigid contact of post-pile special-shaped retaining wall and construction method thereof |
| CN112627188B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-12-06 | 广东珠江工程总承包有限公司 | Deep foundation pit supporting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112627188A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 武汉鑫弘博岩土工程有限公司 | Deep foundation pit supporting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113338304A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-03 | 河北工业大学 | HZ type foundation pit support structure combined with prestressed anchor cables and use method |
| CN113668554A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳宏业基岩土科技股份有限公司 | Construction method of foundation pit supporting structure adjacent to building |
| CN113981990A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-01-28 | 索泰克(北京)岩土科技有限公司 | Concrete supporting structure with profile steel inserted therein and construction method thereof |
| CN114411762A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-04-29 | 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 | Rear-anchor type rigid foundation pit supporting structure and construction method |
| CN115478808A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-16 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Construction method for isolating H-shaped steel and concrete crown beam of SMW (soil mixing wall) construction method pile |
| CN115478808B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-03-15 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Construction method for H-shaped steel and concrete crown beam isolation of SMW construction method pile |
| CN116556363A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-08-08 | 广东建邦兴业集团有限公司 | Foundation pit collapse-preventing supporting structure for building construction |
| CN116556363B (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2024-01-30 | 广东建邦兴业集团有限公司 | Foundation pit collapse-preventing supporting structure for building construction |
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Application publication date: 20160629 |