CN105712545B - 一种含铜废水回收处理系统 - Google Patents
一种含铜废水回收处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105712545B CN105712545B CN201610054796.8A CN201610054796A CN105712545B CN 105712545 B CN105712545 B CN 105712545B CN 201610054796 A CN201610054796 A CN 201610054796A CN 105712545 B CN105712545 B CN 105712545B
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- copper
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- waste liquid
- centrifugation
- acid
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L Iron(II) chloride Chemical compound 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Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
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- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
本发明涉及含铜废水回收处理系统，包括含铜废液槽、与含铜废液槽连接的精密过滤装置和扩散渗析装置，该扩散渗析装置的主流道出水端连接酸性废液槽、主流道出水端连接至离心电解装置，且扩散渗析装置的次流道进水端连接纯水槽、次流道出水端连接至酸回收装置，所述离心电解装置的阴极回收得到标准阴极铜，并通过酸雾吸收装置吸收电解离心过程所产生的酸雾。本发明结构简单合理、加装灵活方便，具有占地面积小、投资较小的优点，利于工业推广，且本系统铜的回收率大于97％，对酸的回收率在90％以上，此外，本发明离心电解工艺采用密闭循环作业，可有效将酸雾气体负压吸收，减少了有害气体的排放，有效改善了工作环境。
Description
一种含铜废水回收处理系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种含铜废水回收处理系统。
背景技术
[0002] 金属离子中的铜、镍、锌、铬是国家严控的一类污染物，含铜废液由于来源不同，其 性质和含量也各有不同。电子加工行业产生的含铜废液，主要含有浓度较高的Cu2+、硫酸和 硝酸，其中的铜和酸均是我国重要的工业原料。若排放含铜废液的企业设备落后、工艺流程 设计不完善或参数控制不稳定，含铜废水回收可致企业存在污染风险。
[0003] 电子加工行业含铜废水回收主要存在下述的问题：一是金属铜回收率低，国内多 数电子加工企业采用单向化学方法回收含铜废液中的铜和酸，铜的回收率一般不会大于 95%，未提取的铜则会转化为危险废物含铜污泥，造成环境二次污染;二是含铜废水中资源 回收不完全，大多数电子加工企业只关注对铜的回收量，而对废水中的酸等非铜成分的回 收情况较为忽视;三是易出现二次污染，如前所述铜回收量不高，残余的铜易形成二次污染 物含铜污泥。
[0004] 目前国内外用于含铜废液的回收处理技术主要有化学沉淀法、蒸发浓缩法及溶剂 萃取法。但上述方法，除了化学沉淀法以外，都存在操作复杂、成本较高的问题。
[0005] 因此，如何设计一种投资成本低、生产成本低、回收高效和确保废水达标排放的含 铜废水回收处理系统成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
[0006]鉴于上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种含铜废水回收处理系 统，解决传统污水处理装置占地面积大、投资大、排放废水指标不稳定，回收单一且效率低 等问题。为实现前述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括：
[0007] 一种含铜废水回收处理系统，包括含铜废液槽，与所述含铜废液槽连接有精密过 滤装置，经精密过滤装置的滤液进入扩散渗析装置，所述扩散渗析装置的主流道出水端连 接酸性废液槽，所述扩散渗析装置的主流道出水端连接至离心电解装置，所述扩散渗析装 置的次流道进水端连接纯水槽，所述扩散渗析装置的次流道出水端连接至酸回收装置，所 述离心电解装置的阴极回收得到标准阴极铜，并设置一与离心电解装置连接的用于吸收电 解离心过程所产生酸雾的酸雾吸收装置。
[000S]本发明进一步地，所述精密过滤装置是过滤精度为lwn的保安过滤器。
[0009]本发明进一步地，所述酸雾吸收装置是吸收塔和风机的组合机构。
[0010]本发明进一步地，设置一连接所述精密过滤装置的滤渣收集装置。
[0011 ] 本发明进一步地，所述酸性废液槽中设置有pH控制器。
[0012]本发明进一步地，所述酸性废液槽连接一酸盐分离器9,用于分离得到回用酸。 [0013]本发明进一步地，所述离心电解装置中电解槽含有10〜20根6〜10英寸钛板体，优 选16根。
[0014]本发明进一步地，在所述含铜废液槽与所述精密过滤装置直接连接有用于输送含 铜废液槽内含铜废液至精密过滤装置的废液输送泵。
[0015]本发明进一步地，在所述离心电解装置阴极处设置有用于取出阴极铜块的吊葫 芦。
[0016]借由上述方案，本发明至少具有以下优点:①本发明结构简单合理、在原有工厂设 备基础上加装灵活方便，具有占地面积小、投资较小的优点，利于工业推广;②本系统铜的 回收率大于97%，对酸的回收率在90%以上，废酸中酸浓度20〜4〇%，经扩散渗析器处理后 的回收酸中酸浓度彡22〜42%，残液酸浓度<5%;③本发明离心电解工艺采用密闭循环作 业，可以有效的将酸雾气体经过负压吸收至吸收净化塔处理，减少了有害气体的排放，有效 改善了工作环境。
[0017]上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段， 并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
[0018]图1是本发明含铜废水回收处理系统的结构示意图；
[0019] 图2是扩散渗析装置原理图。
[0020] 图中各附图标记的含义如下。
[0021] 1含铜废液槽 2精密过滤装置
[0022] 3扩散渗析装置 4酸性废液槽
[0023] 5离心电解装置 6酸雾吸收装置
[0024] 7滤渣收集装置 8废液输送栗
[0025] 9酸盐分离器 10纯水槽
[0026] 11酸回收装置
具体实施方式
[0027]下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完 整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，不用 来限制本发明的范围。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动 前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0028]如图1所示，本发明含铜废水回收处理系统，包括含铜废液槽1，与所述含铜废液槽 1连接有精密过滤装置2，经精密过滤装置2的滤液进入扩散渗析装置3，所述扩散渗析装置3 的主流道出水端连接酸性废液槽4,所述扩散渗析装置3的主流道出水端连接至离心电解装 置5，所述扩散渗析装置3的次流道进水端连接纯水槽1〇，所述扩散渗析装置3的次流道出水 端连接至酸回收装置11，所述离心电解装置5的阴极回收得到标准阴极铜，并设置一与离心 电解装置5连接的用于吸收电解离心过程所产生酸雾的酸雾吸收装置6。
[0029]本发明采用的离心电解技术是本发明人开发的一种高效节能、环境友好型的电解 技术，是基于金属离子理论析出电位的不同，被提纯金属离子与溶液体系中其它金属离子 有较大的电位差值，则电位较正的金属优先沉积在阴极板上，其优势是电解槽结构升级使 其消除浓差极化带来的不良影响，该离心电解技术突出优势包括：占地小，周转溶液体积量 小；电流密度高，电流效率高，电解成本低;离心电解技术为密闭式电解装置，工作环境好； 最大限度回收有价金属铜。
[0030]本发明采用的扩散渗析装置3,是以浓差做推动力的，如图2,由一定数量的膜组成 不同数量的结构单元，其中每个单元由一张阴离子均相膜隔开成渗析室和扩散室，阴离子 均相膜的两侧分别通入含铜废液及接受液(纯水)时，废酸液侧的游离酸及其盐的浓度远高 于水的一侧。由于浓度梯度的存在，废酸中的游离酸及其盐类有向扩散室渗透的趋势，但膜 是有选择透过性的，它不会让每种离子以均等的机会通过。首先阴离子膜骨架本身带正电 荷，在溶液中具有吸引带负电水化离子而排斥带正电荷水化离子的特性，故在浓度差的作 用下，废酸侧的阴离子被吸引而顺利地透过膜孔道进入水的一侧。同时根据电中性要求，也 会夹带带正电荷的离子，由于H+的水化半径比较小，电荷较少，而金属盐的水化离子半径较 大，又是高价的，因此H+会优先通过膜，这样废液中的酸就会被分离出来。
[0031] 优选地，所述精密过滤装置2是过滤精度为lwn的保安过滤器，能有效过滤其中的 悬浮物。所述酸雾吸收装置6是吸收塔和风机的组合机构，吸收离心电解过程中产生的部分 酸，有效提高酸的回收量。设置一连接所述精密过滤装置2的滤渣收集装置7,该滤渣一般是 含锡滤渣，可直接出售，从而部分降低生产成本。
[0032] 具体地，在所述酸性废液槽4中设置有pH控制器，用于精确控制酸性废液槽4内的 pH值。在所述酸性废液槽4连接一酸盐分离器9,用于分离得到回用酸，该酸盐分离器9用膜 通过浓差扩散再生原理，使含酸废水中的酸得到有效的回收利用。
[0033] 本发明所述离心电解装置5中电解槽含有16根6〜10英寸钛板体，使解液铜离子出 口浓度稳定在大约〇.5g/L，提高了本发明系统的电流效率和设备利用率。在所述含铜废液 槽1与所述精密过滤装置2直接连接有用于输送含铜废液槽1内含铜废液至精密过滤装置2 的废液输送泵8,使含铜废液顺畅通过精密过滤装置2过滤。在所述离心电解装置5阴极处设 置有用于取出阴极铜块的吊萌芦（附图未示出），当离心电解装置5阴极积累的铜达到一定 的重量时，可采用吊萌芦将铜块取出。
[0034]本发明工作时，待含铜废液槽1内蓄积一定量的含铜废液时，经废液输送栗8将含 铜废液输送至精密过滤装置2进行过滤，除去含铜废液中的较大颗粒悬浮物，经精密过滤装 置2的滤液进入扩散渗析装置3,同时扩散渗析装置3另一侧通入纯水接受液，经扩散渗析装 置3的主流道流出的回收酸流至酸性废液槽4,经扩散渗析装置3的次流道流出的残夜流至 离心电解装置5。在酸性废液槽4内，通过加药调pH值，经酸盐分离器9回收得到酸，上述残夜 在所述离心电解装置5的阴极回收得到标准阴极铜，当阴极铜的达到一定重量后，可采用吊 葫芦取出，与离心电解装置5另一端还连接的用于吸收电解离心过程所产生酸雾的酸雾吸 收装置6,从而使总酸回收率在90%以上。
[0035]因此，本发明结构简单合理、在原有工厂设备基础上加装灵活方便，具有占地面积 小、投资较小的优点，利于工业推广。本发明系统铜的回收率大于97%，对酸的回收率在 90%以上，回收效率高，废酸中酸浓度20〜40%，经扩散渗析器处理后的回收酸中酸浓度彡 22〜42%，残液酸浓度<5%。并且，本发明离心电解工艺采用密闭循环作业，可以有效的将 酸雾气体经过负压吸收至吸收净化塔处理，减少了有害气体的排放，有效改善了工作环境。 本发明尚有多种实施方式，凡采用等同变换或者等效变换而形成的所有技术方案，均落在 本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1. 一种含铜废水回收处理系统，包括含铜废液槽（1)，其特征在于:与所述含铜废液槽 (1) 连接有精密过滤装置(2)，经精密过滤装置(2)的滤液进入扩散渗析装置(3)，所述扩散 渗析装置(3)的主流道出水端连接酸性废液槽(4)，所述扩散渗析装置(3)的主流道出水端 连接至离心电解装置(5)，所述扩散渗析装置(3)的次流道进水端连接纯水槽（1〇)，所述扩 散渗析装置(3)的次流道出水端连接至酸回收装置(11)，所述离心电解装置⑸的阴极回收 得到标准阴极铜，并设置一与离心电解装置(5)连接的用于吸收电解离心过程所产生酸雾 的酸雾吸收装置(6)。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:所述精密过滤装置 (2) 是过滤精度为lwn的保安过滤器。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:所述酸雾吸收装置 (6)是吸收塔和风机的组合机构。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:设置一连接所述精 密过滤装置⑵的滤渣收集装置⑺。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于：所述酸性废液槽 ⑷中设置有pH控制器。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于：所述酸性废液槽 ⑷连接一酸盐分罔器⑼，用于分禹得到回用酸。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:所述离心电解装置 (5)中电解槽含有1〇〜20根6〜10英寸钛板体。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:在所述含铜废液槽 (1)与所述精密过滤装置(2)直接连接有用于输送含铜废液槽(1)内含铜废液至精密过滤装 置⑵的废液输送泵⑻。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含铜废水回收处理系统，其特征在于:在所述离心电解装 置(5)阴极处设置有用于取出阴极铜块的吊葫芦。
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