CN105706758A - Method for improving yield and quality of tea by means of adjusting illumination intensity - Google Patents
Method for improving yield and quality of tea by means of adjusting illumination intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN105706758A CN105706758A CN201610107475.XA CN201610107475A CN105706758A CN 105706758 A CN105706758 A CN 105706758A CN 201610107475 A CN201610107475 A CN 201610107475A CN 105706758 A CN105706758 A CN 105706758A
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- tea
- sunshade net
- support column
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving yield and quality of tea by means of adjusting illumination intensity. The method is characterized in that a light shading material is selected from a black HDPE (high-density polyethylene) sunshade screen which is widely applied to the market at present and is low in price; different illumination intensity of the tea garden is changed by means of building a sunshade awning above the border surface of a tea garden and covering the tea garden with the sunshade screen; the light shading degree of the sunshade screen is 26 percent to 65 percent, so that the environmental factors, such as illumination and temperature, of the tea garden are changed, the yield of dry matters of flowers and fruits of tea trees can be obviously reduced, the absorptive amount of the flowers and the fruits of the tea trees to nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is reduced, the tea yield is increased, the amino acid content of the tea is increased, the phenol-ammonia ratio of the tea is reduced, and the tea quality is improved. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the effects of higher safety and higher environmental friendliness to a tea product and a tea garden environment are achieved, and the labor cost can be greatly reduced; the effects of simplicity and convenience in operation and easiness in learning and understanding are achieved, the effect of controlling the blooming and fruit bearing of the tea trees is obvious, and the method is more suitable for extensive popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, be specifically related to a kind of be reduced the method that Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits formed and improved tea yield and quality by regulating illumination intensity.
Background technology
The main purpose of cultivation Camellia sinensis is for tender shoots leaf of gathering more, it is desirable to it and nourishes and grows vigorous, picks tea-leaves tea with benefit.But Camellia sinensis starts bud differentiation annual May, 10 ~ December is bloomed even January in next year successively, chronic, and May the rapid expanding stage that is tea fruit, until maturation is gathered during l0 Frost's Descent Cold Dew month, so, from bud differentiation to fruit maturation, want the time of a year and a half, and quantity is a lot.According to investigations, pluck tender tea fruit annual May and can reach 1500kg/hm2Above, particularly the amount of blooming is bigger.These Flos Camelliae Japonicaes and tea fruit all consume a large amount of nutrients in tea place every year, thus weakening nourishing and growing of Camellia sinensis, reduce the yield and quality of Folium Camelliae sinensis.A kind of natural phenomena in genus flower, fruit, the seminal propagation process of yielding positive results, but Camellia sinensis is yielded positive results and can be fought for Folium Camelliae sinensis nutrient, cause the reduction of tea yield and quality, for this, tea grower manually plucks or sprays except Flos Camelliae sinensis is removed in flower agent every year, this not only wastes substantial amounts of man power and material, also add the cost of Tea Production, and probably due to sprays chemistry except the pollution problem spending agent to cause Folium Camelliae sinensis and tea garden environment.Therefore, reduce or stop Camellia sinensis to be blossomed and beared fruit, Controlling the procreation growth, promoting nourishes and grows is key subjects facing of current Tea Production, it is pluck tea place to obtain one of efficient important cultivation technique measure of high-yield high-quality, is also prevent one of aging measure with rejuvenation Senile tea plant of Camellia sinensis.
Camellia sinensis is C3Leaf, with industrial crops, likes shade happiness wet, and light intensity requirement is not high, and the requirement of light quality is higher, more can utilize diffused light.Along with the improvement of climate warming, scientific and technological progress and planting type, shading is more and more extensive as applying in the research at home and abroad of a new agronomic measures.For improving tea leaf quality and yield, more and more important effect is played in shading in Tea Production.Camellia sinensis shading has ecological shading and covers 2 kinds of modes of shading.Tea place ecology shading generally refers to plant in tea place shading tree or the plantation form with commodity trees, tall and big preferential species of tree catch cropping, including interplanting shading tree, a kind green manure etc..This form is more at the report in 20th century 80, the nineties.Tea place covers shading and includes hot house covering and Shading net covering etc., and material therefor is extremely extensive, has Caulis et Folium Oryzae, wheat stalk, straw screen or mat, various canopy film, sunshade net etc..Hot house covering is mainly used in the antifreeze of Camellia sinensis and survives the winter, with the productive life of temperature raising, humidification, ahead of time spring tea.Shading net covering is mainly applied on low latitudes summer summer-heat tea place in autumn.
Due to the synergism of the ecological factor such as illumination and temperature, causing the difference in spring tea and Summer-autumn tea, high mountainous tea and hills tea quality, excessively strong illumination and high temperature and drought are the main limiting factor of hills tea district tea yield and quality.Illumination summer and autumn is strong, makes Camellia sinensis carbon metablism vigorous, and nitrogen metabolism is suppressed, and Chlorophyll synthesis reduces, decomposes and accelerate, and amino acid content reduces relatively, and Camellia sinensis Polyphenols metabolism also can change, and causes that Summer-autumn tea bitter taste is heavier, is unfavorable for the formation of tea leaf quality.The habit that Camellia sinensis has resistance to shade, happiness is wet, when not having other environmental factor stresses, high light is the main cause of its generation midday depression of photosynthesis phenomenon.Therefore, taking shading measure is improve one of maximally efficient approach of tea leaf quality.Can being reduced the light intensity of summer and autumn by shading treatment, improve tea leaf quality, the heat insulation effect of sunshade net can reduce " cold spell in later spring " injury to tea shoot in spring simultaneously, ahead of time the Folium Camelliae sinensis productive life.Although, tea yield and quality are improved by shading it has been reported that but Camellia sinensis is bloomed about shading treatment, the impact of result there is not yet relevant report in tea place.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of method improving tea yield and quality by regulating illumination intensity.Regulating illumination intensity is carried out by shading treatment, substantially inhibit Flos Camelliae sinensis Bud polarization, reduce Camellia sinensis to bloom and the quantity of result, effectively reduce the flowers and fruits dry matter production of unit are tea place Camellia sinensis, reduce Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits to Nitrogen In Soils, phosphorus, the absorbtivity of the nutrients such as potassium, it is 17.94% ~ 52.2% that flowers and fruits dry matter production reduces amplitude, nitrogen, phosphorus, the reduction amplitude of the absorbtivity of the nutrients such as potassium respectively 12.84% ~ 48.1%, 33.37% ~ 58.13% and 9.28% ~ 53.72%, wherein, obscurity be 58.5% process Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and nutrient element absorbtivity reducing effect is relatively best.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
At Qi Mian overhead, tea place covered with sunshade net, the obscurity of described sunshade net is 26% ~ 65%.
Preferably, at Qi Mian overhead, tea place covered with sunshade net, the obscurity of described sunshade net is 58.5%.
The material of described sunshade net is black high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) material, and specification is SZW-14.
The installation steps of described sunshade net are as follows:
1) sunshade net support column is installed: treating in shading tea place, and 5cm place outside the tree crown drip of Camellia sinensis furrow face, every about 200cm installs 1 cylindrical support column；Described cylindrical support column, cross-sectional diameter is 3 ~ 5cm, and length is 250cm, bottom, ground 50cm after installation, the above 200cm in ground；Often adjacent 2 furrow tea row install 1 row's cylindrical support column；
2) sunshade net supports wire gauze installation: the iron wire that top diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.5cm in adjacent 4 cylindrical support column ties jail, and the surrounding of tetragon defined for the top of 4 cylindrical support column and iron wire that diagonal diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.5cm are connected, form sunshade net and support wire gauze；
3) sunshade net is installed: launched by sunshade net, and covers on sunshade net support wire gauze, is then fastened with the iron wire that diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.3cm and is supporting on wire gauze.
By shading treatment, can obviously reduce the dry matter production of Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits, reduce the Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits absorbtivity to nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and improve the yield and quality of Folium Camelliae sinensis.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
(1) present invention carrys out regulating illumination intensity by shading treatment, substantially inhibit Flos Camelliae sinensis Bud polarization, reduce Camellia sinensis to bloom and the quantity of result, effectively reduce the flowers and fruits dry matter production of unit are tea place Camellia sinensis, reduce Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits to Nitrogen In Soils, phosphorus, the absorbtivity of the nutrients such as potassium, it is 17.94% ~ 52.2% that flowers and fruits dry matter production reduces amplitude, nitrogen, phosphorus, the reduction amplitude of the absorbtivity of the nutrients such as potassium respectively 12.84% ~ 48.1%, 33.37% ~ 58.13% and 9.28% ~ 53.72%, wherein, obscurity be 58.5% process Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and nutrient element absorbtivity reducing effect is relatively best；Decrease the annual substantial amounts of soil nutrient that consumes because of Generative Growth of Tea Plant, effective utilization ratio of raising tea place nutrient；
(2) present invention carrys out regulating illumination intensity by shading treatment, not only can substantially suppress the formation of Camellia sinensis flowers and fruits, may additionally facilitate nourishing and growing of Camellia sinensis, increase tea yield, and improve the content of Amino Acids in Tea, reduce the phenol ammonia ratio of Folium Camelliae sinensis, thus reducing the bitter taste of Folium Camelliae sinensis simultaneously, improve tea aroma, improve the quality of Folium Camelliae sinensis；
(3) present invention changes the envirment factors such as illumination and the temperature in tea place by physical measure, weaken the carbon metablism intensity of Camellia sinensis, reduce the C/N ratio in Camellia sinensis body, reach to control the reproductive growth of Camellia sinensis, promote the purpose nourished and grown of Camellia sinensis, spraying the chemical agent containing hormones such as " pressing down Hua Ling " on producing with tea grower to control compared with Camellia sinensis yields positive results, tea products and tea garden environment are not resulted in pollution by the method for the present invention, environmental friendliness；Adopt artificial defloration fruit picking to compared with controlling the reproductive growth method of Camellia sinensis on producing with tea grower, the method for the present invention can be greatly lowered labor cost；
(4) method of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, easily-learned easily mastered, and the effect of yielding positive results controlling Camellia sinensis is obvious, is more suitable for large scale application.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited only to these embodiments.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
By field plot trial, the different obscurity of research processes tea place Flos Camelliae sinensis, dried fruits substance production and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition cumulant, and the impact of tea yield and quality.Test is arranged on Fu'an City Tian Xiang Tea Co., Ltd of Fujian Province tea base, and soil types is mountain region red-yellow soil, and foundation soil fertility state is: pH5.19, organic 7.4g kg-1, full nitrogen 0.4g kg-1, full phosphorus 0.1g kg-1, full potassium 22.4g kg-1, available nitrogen 58.34mg kg-1, available phosphorus 0.87mg kg-1, effective potassium 77.20mg kg-1。
Comparative example 1: shading 0% (CK, namely without sunshade net).
Embodiment 1: uniformly burrow on sunshade net, destroy SZW-14 sunshade net area 60%, make the sunshade net that obscurity is 26%；By prepared Shading net covering in Qi Mian overhead, tea place.
Embodiment 2: uniformly burrow on sunshade net, destroy SZW-14 sunshade net area 50%, make the sunshade net that obscurity is 32.5%；By prepared Shading net covering in Qi Mian overhead, tea place.
Embodiment 3: uniformly burrow on sunshade net, destroy SZW-14 sunshade net area 30%, make the sunshade net that obscurity is 45.5%；By prepared Shading net covering in Qi Mian overhead, tea place.
Embodiment 4: uniformly burrow on sunshade net, destroy SZW-14 sunshade net area 10%, make the sunshade net that obscurity is 58.5%；By prepared Shading net covering in Qi Mian overhead, tea place.
Embodiment 5: the sunshade net (obscurity is 65%) that specification is SZW-14 is covered Qi Mian overhead, tea place.
Above-mentioned sunshade net selects the most widely used black high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) sunshade net (specification is SZW-14, and obscurity is 65%) on market, and every sunshade net length is 25m, width is 4m, and area is 100m2.The experimental plot of 6 different obscurities process is arranged in base, tea place slope aspect on south and 4 furrow tea row in same level, each experimental plot area 100m2。
The installation steps of described sunshade net are as follows:
1) sunshade net support column is installed: treating in shading tea place, and 5cm place outside the tree crown drip of Camellia sinensis furrow face, every about 200cm installs 1 cylindrical support column；Described cylindrical support column is bamboo stem, and cross-sectional diameter is 4cm, and length is 250cm, bottom, ground 50cm after installation, the above 200cm in ground；Often adjacent 2 furrow tea row install 1 row's cylindrical support column；
2) sunshade net supports wire gauze installation: the iron wire that top diameter is 0.3cm in adjacent 4 cylindrical support column ties jail, and the surrounding of tetragon defined for the top of 4 cylindrical support column and iron wire that diagonal diameter is 0.3cm are connected, form sunshade net and support wire gauze；
3) sunshade net is installed: launched by the black sunshade net of the different obscurities of above-mentioned preparation, and the sunshade net covering corresponding experimental plot supports on wire gauze, is then fastened with the iron wire that diameter is 0.2cm and is supporting on wire gauze.
Tea place shading experimental period is March ~ November.Being yellow kwan-yin for examination tea tree breed, the age of tree is 7 years.Flos Camelliae sinensis and fruit yield are plucked and are carried out in mid-November；Camellia sinensis dark brownish green point of spring, summer, autumn pluck for 3 times, and yield accumulation adds up to the dark brownish green yield in annual community.
Result of the test:
Different obscurities process and the result of the test (table 1) that affects of Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and nutrient element absorbtivity are shown: compared with processing with not shading (CK), other several different obscurities process (obscurity 26% ~ 65%) and all can obviously reduce Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and the nitrogen absorbed, phosphorus, potassium equal nutrient content, minimizing amount respectively 57.2 ~ 166.6kg/hm2、0.092~0.344kg/hm2、0.276~0.481kg/hm2With 0.657 ~ 3.802kg/hm2, reduce amplitude respectively 17.94% ~ 52.2%, 12.84% ~ 48.1%, 33.37% ~ 58.13% and 9.28% ~ 53.72%.Wherein, obscurity be 58.5% process Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and nutrient element absorbtivity reducing effect is relatively best.
The different obscurity of table 1 processes the impact on Flos Camelliae sinensis dried fruits substance production and nutrient element absorbtivity
Different obscurities process and the result of the test (table 2) that affects of the dark brownish green yield of Camellia sinensis and nutritional quality are shown: compared with processing with not shading (CK), other several different obscurities process (obscurity 26% ~ 65%) all can increase dark brownish green yield to a certain extent, and increase amount is 201 ~ 1252kg/hm2, amount of increase in production is 4.64% ~ 28.93%；Improving Amino Acids in Tea content, increase rate is 3.96% ~ 22.77%；Reducing polyphenol content, minimizing amplitude is 2.08% ~ 18.59%；Reducing the phenol ammonia ratio of Folium Camelliae sinensis, reduction amplitude is 5.81% ~ 33.69%.Wherein, obscurity is 58.5% processes improving tea yield and amino acid content and to reduce Folium Camelliae sinensis polyphenol content relative best with the effect of phenol ammonia ratio.Phenol ammonia ratio is the Main Factors affecting tea leaf quality, and when the polyphenol content in Folium Camelliae sinensis is high, and amino acids content of material is relatively low, and namely during phenol ammonia ratio height, Folium Camelliae sinensis often has the shortcomings such as pained highly seasoned, fragrance is low, has a strong impact on the quality of Folium Camelliae sinensis.
The different obscurity of table 2 processes the impact on the dark brownish green yield of Camellia sinensis and nutritional quality
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the method improving tea yield and quality by regulating illumination intensity, it is characterised in that: at Qi Mian overhead, tea place covered with sunshade net, the obscurity of described sunshade net is 26% ~ 65%.
2. a kind of method improving tea yield and quality by regulating illumination intensity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: at Qi Mian overhead, tea place covered with sunshade net, the obscurity of described sunshade net is 58.5%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the obscurity of described sunshade net is adjusted by the mode uniformly burrowed on sunshade net.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the material of described sunshade net is black high-density polyethylene material, and specification is SZW-14.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the installation steps of described sunshade net are as follows:
1) sunshade net support column is installed: treating in shading tea place, and 5cm place outside the tree crown drip of Camellia sinensis furrow face, every about 200cm installs 1 cylindrical support column；Described cylindrical support column, cross-sectional diameter is 3 ~ 5cm, and length is 250cm, bottom, ground 50cm after installation, the above 200cm in ground；Often adjacent 2 furrow tea row install 1 row's cylindrical support column；
2) sunshade net supports wire gauze installation: the iron wire that top diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.5cm in adjacent 4 cylindrical support column ties jail, and the surrounding of tetragon defined for the top of 4 cylindrical support column and iron wire that diagonal diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.5cm are connected, form sunshade net and support wire gauze；
3) sunshade net is installed: launched by sunshade net, and covers on sunshade net support wire gauze, is then fastened with the iron wire that diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.3cm and is supporting on wire gauze.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step 1), cylindrical support column is any one in bamboo stem, timber and iron.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN106879430A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of method for wrapping up trees ' root ball transplanting using discarded sunshade net |
| CN112715264A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江省农业技术推广中心 | Planting method for increasing growth amount of tea |
| CN112772251A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江省农业技术推广中心 | Planting method for increasing content of tea epigallocatechin gallate |
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| CN112715264A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江省农业技术推广中心 | Planting method for increasing growth amount of tea |
| CN112772251A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江省农业技术推广中心 | Planting method for increasing content of tea epigallocatechin gallate |
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