CN105674577A - Hot water circulation control system with autonomous learning ability - Google Patents
Hot water circulation control system with autonomous learning ability Download PDFInfo
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- CN105674577A CN105674577A CN201610182814.0A CN201610182814A CN105674577A CN 105674577 A CN105674577 A CN 105674577A CN 201610182814 A CN201610182814 A CN 201610182814A CN 105674577 A CN105674577 A CN 105674577A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有自主学习能力的热水循环控制系统，包括：总进水管、热水器、热水循环装置和若干用水点，所述总进水管与热水器、用水点之间分别通过第一进冷水管、第二进冷水管连接，所述热水器与用水点之间通过出热水管连接；其特征在于，所述热水循环装置安装在出热水管上，在最远端用水点处用回水管将出热水管和第二进冷水管连通，并在回水管上设有单向阀，所述单向阀的导通方向为出热水管流向第二进冷水管。本发明通过自主学习控制其下次预热时水泵运转固定时间，这样可保证在出热水管内充满热水，而第二进冷水管预热完成后仍为温水或冷水，彻底解决利用第二进冷水管充当回水管路时导致的预热完成后无法使用冷水的问题。
The invention provides a hot water circulation control system with self-learning ability, which includes: a main water inlet pipe, a water heater, a hot water circulation device and several water points, and the main water inlet pipe, the water heater, and the water points are respectively passed through a first water inlet. The cold water pipe and the second cold water inlet pipe are connected, and the water heater and the water point are connected through a hot water outlet pipe; it is characterized in that the hot water circulation device is installed on the hot water outlet pipe, at the farthest water point The hot water outlet pipe is connected with the second cold water inlet pipe by the return pipe, and a one-way valve is arranged on the water return pipe, and the conduction direction of the one-way valve is that the hot water outlet pipe flows to the second cold water inlet pipe. The invention controls the water pump to run for a fixed time during the next preheating through self-learning, which can ensure that the hot water outlet pipe is filled with hot water, and the second cold water inlet pipe is still warm water or cold water after preheating is completed, completely solving the problem of using the second The problem that cold water cannot be used after preheating is completed when the cold water inlet pipe acts as the return water pipe.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热水器控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有自主学习能力的热水循环控制系统。The invention relates to the technical field of water heater control, in particular to a hot water circulation control system with self-learning ability.
背景技术Background technique
为提高热水器的用水舒适性，在有的热水器上安装有热水循环装置以实现预约或即开即热等功能。目前，常见的热水循环控制技术主要有以下几种：1)通过倒计时方式来使水泵工作一段时间，将循环管内水加热。2)通过预约时间循环，即控制器在预约时间段内通过对循环管温度检测从而决定热水器启停。3)手动开启水泵，在热水器进水端(即回水端)检测温度来确定单次即热是否完成。4)通过温度传感器检测最远端热水点温度来决定是否即热完成。In order to improve the water comfort of water heaters, hot water circulation devices are installed on some water heaters to realize functions such as reservation or instant heating. At present, the common hot water circulation control technologies mainly include the following types: 1) The water pump is operated for a period of time by counting down to heat the water in the circulation pipe. 2) Circulation through the scheduled time, that is, the controller determines the start and stop of the water heater by detecting the temperature of the circulating pipe within the scheduled time period. 3) Turn on the water pump manually, and check the temperature at the water inlet end (return water end) of the water heater to determine whether a single instant heating is completed. 4) Use the temperature sensor to detect the temperature of the most remote hot water point to determine whether the instant heating is completed.
然而，现有的热水循环装置一般是安装在热水器进水端，最严重的问题就是热水器进水端(回水端)温度并未达到设定温度，而热水器出水端温度已经很高，从而导致产品舒适性较差。However, the existing hot water circulation device is generally installed at the water inlet end of the water heater, and the most serious problem is that the temperature of the water inlet end (return water end) of the water heater has not reached the set temperature, while the temperature of the water outlet end of the water heater is already very high, thus Resulting in poor product comfort.
另外，现有的热水循环装置均没有自主学习能力，有手动的、半自动的、遥控的等等，一般需要用户设定很多参数，操作相对复杂。In addition, none of the existing hot water circulation devices has self-learning ability, and there are manual, semi-automatic, remote control, etc. Generally, users need to set many parameters, and the operation is relatively complicated.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种控制简单、自适应性强、用水舒适性好的热水循环装置控制系统。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a control system for a hot water circulation device with simple control, strong adaptability and good water comfort.
为达到以上目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种具有自主学习能力的热水循环控制系统，包括：总进水管、热水器、热水循环装置和若干用水点，所述总进水管与热水器、用水点之间分别通过第一进冷水管、第二进冷水管连接，所述热水器与用水点之间通过出热水管连接；其特征在于，所述热水循环装置安装在出热水管上，在最远端用水点处用回水管将出热水管和第二进冷水管连通，并在回水管上设有单向阀，所述单向阀的导通方向为出热水管流向第二进冷水管。A hot water circulation control system with self-learning ability, comprising: a main water inlet pipe, a water heater, a hot water circulation device, and several water points, the main water inlet pipe, the water heater, and the water points are respectively passed through the first cold water inlet pipe, The second cold water inlet pipe is connected, and the water heater and the water point are connected through a hot water outlet pipe; it is characterized in that the hot water circulation device is installed on the hot water outlet pipe, and a return pipe is used at the farthest water point The hot water outlet pipe is connected with the second cold water inlet pipe, and a one-way valve is provided on the return pipe, and the conduction direction of the one-way valve is that the hot water outlet pipe flows to the second cold water inlet pipe.
作为改进地，所述热水循环装置包括：控制器、水泵、水流量传感器和温度传感器，所述水泵、水流量传感器和温度传感器串接在出热水管上，所述控制器与水泵、水流量传感器和温度传感器控制连接。As an improvement, the hot water circulation device includes: a controller, a water pump, a water flow sensor and a temperature sensor, the water pump, the water flow sensor and the temperature sensor are connected in series on the hot water outlet pipe, the controller and the water pump, Water flow sensor and temperature sensor control connections.
作为改进地，所述热水循环装置还包括有储水罐，所述储水罐连接在水泵的出水端。As an improvement, the hot water circulation device further includes a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump.
作为改进地，所述热水循环装置还包括有泄压阀，所述泄压阀连接在热水循环装置的出水端。As an improvement, the hot water circulation device further includes a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is connected to the water outlet of the hot water circulation device.
作为改进地，所述热水循环控制系统带有即热和预约功能，在热水器每次关机或断电后再开启即热功能或预约功能时，热水循环控制系统自动记录水泵第一次运转总时间t；As an improvement, the hot water circulation control system has instant heating and reservation functions, and when the water heater is turned off or powered off and then turned on for instant heating or reservation functions, the hot water circulation control system automatically records the first operation of the water pump total time t;
即热完成后，在关机或断电前再次开启即热功能，则水泵运转时间为α1·t，0<α1≤1；After the instant heating is completed, turn on the instant heating function again before shutting down or power off, then the running time of the pump is α 1 ·t, 0<α 1 ≤1;
预约完成后，在预约时间段内，如果温度传感器检测到的水温低于设定值需要再次启动水泵时，水泵运转预约时间为α2·t，0<α2≤1。After the appointment is completed, if the water temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the set value and the water pump needs to be restarted within the scheduled time period, the scheduled time for the pump to run is α 2 ·t, 0<α 2 ≤1.
作为改进地，水泵第一次运转总时间t的计算方法为：As an improvement, the calculation method of the total time t of the first operation of the water pump is:
1)按热水器开机键进入预约或即热功能，水泵运转，控制器的定时装置开始计时；1) Press the power button of the water heater to enter the preset or instant heating function, the water pump will run, and the timing device of the controller will start timing;
2)水泵运转超过1分钟后，温度传感器每隔500ms采样一次温度值，并连续采样20次；2) After the water pump runs for more than 1 minute, the temperature sensor samples the temperature value every 500ms, and continuously samples 20 times;
3)当相邻两次温度值的温差⊿T满足：-1K≤⊿T≤1K时，控制器计算出平均值T平均；3) When the temperature difference ⊿T between two adjacent temperature values satisfies: -1K≤⊿T≤1K, the controller calculates the average value Taverage;
4)当T平均等于热水器上的设定温度T时，控制器停止计算平均值并继续判断采样温度T1；4) When T average is equal to the set temperature T on the water heater, the controller stops calculating the average value and continues to judge the sampling temperature T1;
5)当T1≥T+β时，水泵停止运转，控制器记录水泵第一次运转总时间；β根据T值来设定。5) When T1≥T+β, the water pump stops running, and the controller records the total running time of the water pump for the first time; β is set according to the T value.
作为改进地，在预约时间段内，如果温度传感器检测到的水温低于设定值需要再次启动水泵时，则水泵运转预约时间固定为 As an improvement, within the preset time period, if the water temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the set value and the water pump needs to be restarted, the water pump operation preset time is fixed at
作为改进地，在预约时间段内，水泵的再次启动是根据回差条件来控制的；当温度传感器检测到的温度Td与热水器上的设定温度T之差低于某个值T0，满足Td<T-T0时，水泵再次启动；T0的取值范围为：3-15℃。As an improvement, within the predetermined time period, the restart of the water pump is controlled according to the hysteresis condition; when the difference between the temperature Td detected by the temperature sensor and the set temperature T on the water heater is lower than a certain value T0, Td is satisfied When <T-T0, the water pump starts again; the value range of T0 is: 3-15°C.
作为改进地，所述热水器为燃气热水器，燃气热水器的单次最长燃烧时间根据如下条件来控制：As an improvement, the water heater is a gas water heater, and the single longest burning time of the gas water heater is controlled according to the following conditions:
①水泵最长运转时间超过30min；① The longest running time of the pump exceeds 30 minutes;
②连续5S内温度传感器检测到温度>65℃；② The temperature sensor detects a temperature >65°C within 5 consecutive seconds;
满足以上条件中的任意一条时，控制器强制停止水泵运转。When any one of the above conditions is met, the controller will force the pump to stop.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
一、由于热水循环装置安装在热水器出热水管上，并在最远端用水点用回水管将出热水管和第二进冷水管连通，不仅恒温、抗温度过冲效果好，而且利用第二进冷水管充当回水功能，结构简单、控制方便。1. Since the hot water circulation device is installed on the hot water outlet pipe of the water heater, and the return water pipe is used to connect the hot water outlet pipe and the second cold water inlet pipe at the farthest water point, not only the constant temperature and the anti-temperature overshoot effect are good, but also Using the second cold water inlet pipe as the return water function, the structure is simple and the control is convenient.
二、通过控制器精准计算管道中水循环一圈所需要的时间，通过程序控制其下次预热时水泵运转固定时间，这样可保证在出热水管内充满热水，而第二进冷水管预热完成后仍为温水或冷水，彻底解决利用第二进冷水管充当回水管路时导致的预热完成后无法使用冷水的问题，在实现“即开即热”的同时又能实现“即开即冷”模式。2. Accurately calculate the time required for the water in the pipeline to circulate once through the controller, and control the water pump to run for a fixed time during the next preheating through the program, so as to ensure that the hot water outlet pipe is filled with hot water, and the second cold water inlet pipe is preheated. After the heating is completed, it is still warm water or cold water, which completely solves the problem that the cold water cannot be used after the preheating is completed when the second cold water inlet pipe is used as the return water pipe. Instantly cold” mode.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1所示为本发明提供的热水循环装置应用示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application of the hot water circulation device provided by the present invention.
图2所示为本发明提供的热水循环装置控制流程图。Fig. 2 is a control flow chart of the hot water circulation device provided by the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1：热水器，2：用水点，3：总进水管，4：出热水管，5：第一进冷水管，6：第二进冷水管，7：热水循环装置，8：回水管，9：单向阀。1: water heater, 2: water point, 3: main water inlet pipe, 4: hot water outlet pipe, 5: first cold water inlet pipe, 6: second cold water inlet pipe, 7: hot water circulation device, 8: return water pipe, 9: Check valve.
具体实施方式detailed description
为方便本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的实质，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细阐述。In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to better understand the essence of the present invention, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种具有自主学习能力的热水循环控制系统，包括：热水器1、若干用水点2、总进水管3、出热水管4、第一进冷水管5、第二进冷水管6、热水循环装置7、回水管8和单向阀9，热水器1与用水点2之间通过出热水管4连接，热水器1与总进水管3之间通过第一进冷水管5连接，用水点2与总进水管3之间通过第二进冷水管6连接，热水循环装置7安装在出热水管4上，在最远端用水点处用回水管8将出热水管和第二进冷水管6连通，并在回水管8上设置单向阀9，单向阀9的导通方向为出热水管4流向第二进冷水管6。As shown in Figure 1, a hot water circulation control system with self-learning ability includes: a water heater 1, several water points 2, a main water inlet pipe 3, a hot water outlet pipe 4, a first cold water inlet pipe 5, a second water inlet pipe The cold water pipe 6, the hot water circulation device 7, the return pipe 8 and the one-way valve 9, the water heater 1 and the water point 2 are connected through the hot water outlet pipe 4, and the water heater 1 and the main water inlet pipe 3 are connected through the first cold water inlet pipe 5 connection, the water point 2 and the main water inlet pipe 3 are connected through the second cold water inlet pipe 6, the hot water circulation device 7 is installed on the hot water outlet pipe 4, and the return water pipe 8 is used at the farthest water point to transfer the heat The water pipe communicates with the second cold water inlet pipe 6, and a one-way valve 9 is arranged on the water return pipe 8, and the conduction direction of the one-way valve 9 is that the hot water outlet pipe 4 flows to the second cold water inlet pipe 6.
其中，所述热水器为燃气热水器，所述最远端用水点是以热水流经路径来表征的，从热水器流出的热水到达某一用水点所流经的路径最长，则该用水点为最远端用水点。Wherein, the water heater is a gas water heater, and the water point at the farthest end is characterized by the hot water flow path. For the farthest water point.
所述热水循环装置7主要由控制器、操作显示器、水流量传感器、温度传感器和水泵构成。所述水泵、水流量传感器和温度传感器串接在出热水管上，所述控制器与水泵、水流量传感器和温度传感器控制连接，所述操作显示器与控制器信号连接。The hot water circulation device 7 is mainly composed of a controller, an operation display, a water flow sensor, a temperature sensor and a water pump. The water pump, the water flow sensor and the temperature sensor are connected in series on the hot water outlet pipe, the controller is connected to the water pump, the water flow sensor and the temperature sensor, and the operation display is connected to the controller for signals.
进一步地，为避免温度过冲现象，在热水循环装置7上还设有储水罐，所述储水罐连接在水泵的出水端。更进一步地，为方便排出管道内的气体，所述热水循环装置还包括有泄压阀，所述泄压阀连接在热水循环装置的出水端。Further, in order to avoid temperature overshoot, a water storage tank is provided on the hot water circulation device 7, and the water storage tank is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the discharge of gas in the pipeline, the hot water circulation device also includes a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is connected to the water outlet of the hot water circulation device.
本实施例提供的一种具有自主学习能力的热水循环控制系统具有“即热”“预约”“水控”“增压”四大功能，具体功能实现如下：A hot water circulation control system with self-learning ability provided in this embodiment has four major functions of "instant heating", "reservation", "water control" and "boosting". The specific functions are realized as follows:
①即热(一次有效)、预约(第一次)均具有自主学习能力，即每次关机或断电后在开启即热或者预约功能，均自动记录水泵运转总时间t。①Instant heating (valid once) and appointment (first time) both have self-learning ability, that is, each time the instant heating or appointment function is turned on after the power is turned off or the power is cut off, the total running time of the pump will be automatically recorded t.
即热完成后，在关机或断电前再次开启即热功能，则水泵运转时间为α1·t，0<α1≤1。After the instant heating is completed, turn on the instant heating function again before shutting down or power off, then the running time of the pump is α 1 ·t, 0<α 1 ≤1.
预约完成后，在预约时间段内，如果温度传感器检测到的水温低于设定值需要再次启动水泵时，水泵运转预约时间为α2·t，0<α2≤1，本实施例中优选α2为3/5。这样在预约时段内，循环装置根据设定回差温度进行固定(3/5)t时间加热，保证了出热水管任意时刻均为所需热水，第二进冷水管管均为温水或冷水，彻底解决无回水管循环预约完成后不能用冷水的技术瓶颈，即在无回水管路的情况下实现“即开即热”与“即开即冷”双模式；并且系统在下一次预约周期内，自动按照预约设定条件进行预约，无需每次进行设置。After the reservation is completed, within the reserved time period, if the water temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the set value and the water pump needs to be restarted, the reserved time for the water pump to run is α 2 ·t, 0<α 2 ≤1, which is preferred in this embodiment α 2 is 3/5. In this way, during the reserved time period, the circulation device performs heating for a fixed (3/5) t time according to the set return temperature, ensuring that the hot water outlet pipe is the required hot water at any time, and the second cold water inlet pipe is warm water or Cold water, completely solve the technical bottleneck that cold water cannot be used after the appointment of no return water pipe cycle, that is, to realize the dual mode of "instantly hot when on" and "cool when on when there is no return water pipe"; Inside, the reservation is automatically made according to the reservation setting conditions, and there is no need to set it every time.
在预约时间段内，水泵的再次启动是根据回差条件来控制的；当温度传感器检测到的温度Td与热水器上的设定温度T之差低于某个值T0，满足Td<T-T0时，水泵再次启动。During the predetermined time period, the restart of the water pump is controlled according to the hysteresis condition; when the difference between the temperature Td detected by the temperature sensor and the set temperature T on the water heater is lower than a certain value T0, Td<T-T0 is satisfied , the pump starts up again.
其中：Td——当前温度，由循环装置温度传感器实时监测到的温度。Among them: Td——current temperature, the temperature monitored in real time by the temperature sensor of the circulation device.
T——热水器上设定温度，即图2中温度传感器采样平均值T，其中36℃≤T≤60℃。T——The set temperature on the water heater, that is, the average value T of the temperature sensor sampling in Figure 2, where 36°C≤T≤60°C.
T0——温度差值，可设定范围为3-15℃，系统默认5℃。T0——Temperature difference, the settable range is 3-15°C, and the system defaults to 5°C.
如图2所示，水泵第一次运转总时间t的计算方法为：As shown in Figure 2, the calculation method of the total time t of the first operation of the pump is:
1)按热水器开机键进入预约或即热功能，水泵运转，控制器的定时装置开始计时。1) Press the start button of the water heater to enter the preset or instant heating function, the water pump will run, and the timing device of the controller will start timing.
2)水泵运转超过1分钟后，温度传感器每隔500ms采样一次温度值，并连续采样20次。2) After the water pump runs for more than 1 minute, the temperature sensor samples the temperature value every 500ms, and continuously samples 20 times.
3)当相邻两次温度值的温差⊿T满足：-1K≤⊿T≤1K时，控制器计算出平均值T平均。3) When the temperature difference ⊿T between two adjacent temperature values satisfies: -1K≤⊿T≤1K, the controller calculates the average value Tmean .
4)当T平均等于热水器上的设定温度T时，控制器停止计算平均值并继续判断采样温度T1。4) When T average is equal to the set temperature T on the water heater, the controller stops calculating the average value and continues to judge the sampling temperature T1.
5)当T1≥T+β时，水泵停止运转，控制器记录水泵第一次运转总时间；β根据T值来设定。5) When T1≥T+β, the water pump stops running, and the controller records the total running time of the water pump for the first time; β is set according to the T value.
开启预约功能且在预约时段内，同时满足回差条件，则后续预约根据回差条件判断是否启动水泵，达到启动条件后，水泵运转预约时间固定均为(3/5)t，回差温度设定原理如下：If the reservation function is turned on and the hysteresis condition is met at the same time during the reservation period, the follow-up reservation will judge whether to start the water pump according to the hysteresis condition. The principle is as follows:
②水控：用户通过简单的开关水动作，主控制器完成对水流量信号的检测，水流量信号满足开启条件时，带动即热功能，即热实现如上述①所述。②Water control: The user simply switches the water on and off, and the main controller completes the detection of the water flow signal. When the water flow signal meets the opening conditions, it drives the instant heating function, and the instant heating is realized as described in ① above.
③增压：开启增压功能后，水流量信号连续5s以上；或者先有水流信号，在开启增压功能后，继续检测水流量信号连续5S以上时，水泵运转1min后，温度传感器采样，记录温度第一次相对稳定的平均值T后水泵继续运转，直至温度传感器检测到的温度T1＝T+5℃时为止，此时水泵停止运转，增压结束。③ Boost: After the boost function is turned on, the water flow signal continues for more than 5 seconds; or there is a water flow signal first, and after the boost function is turned on, when the water flow signal continues to be detected for more than 5 seconds, the temperature sensor samples and records after the water pump runs for 1 minute. The water pump continues to run after the temperature reaches a relatively stable average value T for the first time until the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is T1=T+5°C. At this time, the water pump stops running and the pressurization ends.
为保证安全，所述热水循环控制系统还具有单次最长燃烧时间与最高温度限定条件，具体如下：In order to ensure safety, the hot water circulation control system also has a single maximum combustion time and maximum temperature limit conditions, as follows:
①水泵最长运转时间超过30min。① The longest running time of the pump exceeds 30 minutes.
②连续5S内温度传感器检测到温度>65℃。②The temperature sensor detects a temperature >65°C within 5 consecutive seconds.
当满足以上条件中的任意一条时，控制器强制停止水泵运转，并且检测到温度过高时循环装置显示屏会显示相应代码，提示用户水温过高；考虑循环装置控制系统的精简性，循环装置不进行温度设定，只设定回差条件。另外为了增加用户体验感，本实施例提供的热水循环装置控制系统还设置有用户设定固定时间模式，例用户选择此模式时，在“即热”、“预约”等功能下均能设定水泵运转时间(2～15min)。When any one of the above conditions is met, the controller will force the water pump to stop, and when the temperature is too high, the display screen of the circulation device will display the corresponding code, prompting the user that the water temperature is too high; considering the simplicity of the control system of the circulation device, the circulation device Do not set the temperature, only set the hysteresis condition. In addition, in order to increase the user experience, the hot water circulation device control system provided in this embodiment is also provided with a user-set fixed time mode. Set the running time of the water pump (2 to 15 minutes).
以上具体实施方式对本发明的实质进行了详细说明，但并不能以此来对本发明的保护范围进行限制。显而易见地，在本发明实质的启示下，本技术领域普通技术人员还可进行许多改进和修饰，需要注意的是，这些改进和修饰都落在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。The above specific embodiments have described the essence of the present invention in detail, but the scope of protection of the present invention cannot be limited thereto. Obviously, under the enlightenment of the essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make many improvements and modifications. It should be noted that these improvements and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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