A kind of continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace and application method
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical engineering nonmetallic materials preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of continous way direct current superhigh temperature
Graphitizing electric furnace and its application method.
Background technology
Graphite has the properties such as excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, wearability, lubricity, thermal shock resistance, and high temperature resistant,
Chemical property is stable, thus is increasingly widely used in atomic energy, automobile, space technology, metallurgy, industries like chemical engineering and machinery.
Graphite turns into indispensable nonmetallic materials in a kind of modern industrial technology.The height of graphite purity decides graphite material
The use characteristic and performance of material, graphite purity is higher, and application value is higher.With the continuous development of scientific technology, general graphite
The purity of product can not meet requirement of some industries to high purity graphite, high purity graphite of the phosphorus content more than 99.95%
Using increasingly extensive.In the new-energy automobile field that country greatly develops, high-purity bulk artificial graphite is as electrokinetic cell
Primary raw material, it will also play an important role.Thus, the exploitation of high purity graphite, production have turned into graphite material to wider, deeper
One of problem of materials solved is badly in need of in field development.
Graphite purification method is broadly divided into floatation, acid-base method, hydrogen fluoride, chlorinating roasting and high temperature method five at present
Kind.Purity wherein after floatation purification is not high, is generally used for preliminary purification.And acid-base method, hydrogen fluoride and chlorinating roasting
Substantial amounts of waste water or waste gas can be produced when preparing high purity graphite, environmental pollution is big and not disposable, the throwing of later stage environmental protection link
Membership greatly increases cost.Compared to above method, high temperature method less pollution, and the product compared with high carbon content can be obtained.It is high at present
Warm therapy uses acheson furnace and the kind equipment of internal thermal tandem graphitization furnace two, and is using this two kind equipment production people
Make in the technical process of graphite, following unavoidable shortcoming be present:First, batch production, production process can not almost be realized
Continuous operations;2nd, product energy consumption is higher, general minimum in more than 3200kwh/t;3rd, in-furnace temperature skewness, because
This degree of graphitization is not sufficiently stable, and product quality is very different;The resistance material and quartz sand added when the 4, producing will cause bulk
Contain more impurity in graphite products.These shortcomings eventually result in that bulk graphite products quality is unstable, and production cost is higher.
The content of the invention
The problem of existing for existing Delanium production method, the present invention provide a kind of continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphite
Change electric furnace and application method.
The technology carries out the production of high-purity Delanium, this kind of electricity using a kind of continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace
Furnace structure and part include feeding device 1, feed hopper 2, graphite electrode 3, dust collect plant 4, furnace body 5, furnace bottom cooling device 6,
Drawing mechanism 7, finished product storage tank 8 and screw conveyor 10, wherein:Feeding device 1 is placed in the appropriate position in front of furnace body 5
Put, the upper end of feeding device 1 is connected with screw conveyor 10;The end of screw conveyor 10 is placed on feed hopper 2;
Feed hopper 2 is placed in the surface of furnace body 5, and its underpart exit is joined directly together logical with furnace body 5;Furnace body 5 is by steel plate and interior
Lining composition, liner is clay brick;The top of two size graphite electrodes 3 of the same race is connected by copper bar wire with power supply, and is led to
Cross electrode holde to be fixed on the framework of furnace body 5, among its lower end insertion furnace body 5;Dust collect plant 4 is located at whole equipment
The top, dust collect plant 4 is provided with dust subtube 13, and is connected with dust pelletizing system;At the bottom opening of furnace body 5 and stove
Bottom cooling device 6 is connected, and furnace bottom cooling device 6 is directly and drawing mechanism 7 is corresponding;Drawing mechanism 7 is located at furnace bottom cooling and set
Standby 6 lower section simultaneously extends to the top of finished product storage tank 8 by lifting device.
The graphite electrode 3 that special feature also resides in this equipment is powered using dc source.
Special feature also resides in two root graphite electrodes 3 symmetry arrangement on body of heater center line, and it inserts furnace body 5 from furnace roof
In depth be the height of furnace body 5 1/2~2/3.
Special feature also resides in 3-6 times that the distance between two root graphite electrodes 3 are the diameter itselfs of graphite electrode 3.
Special feature also resides in bore furnace bottom cooling device 6 and that furnace body 5 is connected between two graphite electrodes 3
Caused high-temperature region horizontal cross-section length is equal.
The inventive method carries out bulk artificial stone by capital equipment of foregoing continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace
The production of ink, its production application process enters stove including raw material, drying and calcining, graphitization, cooling are come out of the stove 4 process, specifically
Operation is as follows:
(1) the continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace that the petroleum coke got ready or anthracite etc. are passed through into such as previous designs
Feeding device 1 and feed hopper 2 be sent in furnace body 5, switch on power and start to give the power transmission heat temperature raising of furnace body 5, wherein, dress
The petroleum coke or anthracite entered is less than 0.5%, sulphur content with ash content and is less than 0.5%, volatile matter less than 0.6%, real density>2.1g/
cm3, granularity 1-10mm material be advisable;
(2) with furnace body 5 temperature rise, material successively through drying, calcination stage, steam caused by this stage and
Volatile matter will be collected and discharged by the dust collect plant 4 positioned at the top of furnace body 5;
(3) it is cold after electrode is powered because the arrangement, material such as petroleum coke etc. that is in line of two root graphite electrodes 3 is conductive
Petroleum coke starts conduction, produces resistance heat, current convergence flows between two electrodes under production status, in two graphite electrodes
3 lines can nearby form 3000 DEG C~3500 DEG C high-temperature regions with certain altitude in section, material enters two graphite
Temperature rises to 3000 DEG C and continuous decrease behind 3000 DEG C formed between electrode 3~3500 DEG C of high-temperature regions top, in high temperature section
It is interior to be detained 1.5~2.5 hours, graphitization is completed, is then discharged out, can not such as discharge in time, temperature can continue to raise, and have safety hidden
Suffer from;
(4) after material completes graphitization, under fall in furnace bottom cooling device 6 and cooled down, after being cooled to 100~300 DEG C
It is drained into drawing mechanism 7 and is discharged by the discharging opening of furnace bottom cooling device 6, finished product is sent to after material naturally cools to room temperature
Storage tank 8 is medium to be packed.
When carrying out continuous production using the continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace of the present invention, filled after 10~30min
Enter a material, discharge primary production, the charging aperture of material from feed hopper 2 enters the discharging opening row by furnace bottom cooling device 6
Enter needs 3~4 hours altogether into drawing mechanism 7.
It is further to note that the bore and two stones that are connected during production with furnace body 5 due to furnace bottom cooling device 6
Caused high-temperature region horizontal cross-section is apart from equal between electrode ink 3, so, after material stops 1.5~2.5 hours in high-temperature region
Can smoothly under fall in furnace bottom cooling device.And distance electrode certain distance is filled to outside high-temperature region close to the region of oven housing portion
Material can not fall on furnace bottom down due to this relatively small special construction of opening that furnace body 5 is connected with furnace bottom cooling device 6
In cooling device, stay put to form a heat preservation zone, the material in heat preservation zone plays a part of heat-insulation layer always.Producing
Cheng Zhong, the stability of electric current between two electrodes is controlled by controlling load, and then realize the relatively stable of furnace high-temperature area.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace schematic front view used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace elevational schematic view, and Fig. 1 left view section used in the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace schematic top plan view used in the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is feeding device, and 2 be feed hopper, and 3 be graphite electrode, and 4 be dust collect plant, and 5 be furnace body, and 6 be furnace bottom
Cooling device, 7 be drawing mechanism, and 8 be finished product storage tank, and 9 be raw material storage bin, 10 screw conveyors, and 11 be weighing hopper, 12
It is dust subtube for lifting device, 13.
Embodiment
As shown in drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitization electricity used in the present invention to embodiments of the invention
Stove schematic front view.Reference picture 1, the continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace include feeding device 1, feed hopper 2, graphite electricity
Pole 3, dust collect plant 4, furnace body 5, furnace bottom cooling device 6, drawing mechanism 7, finished product storage tank 8, raw material storage bin 9, spiral transferring
Send equipment 10, weighing hopper 11, lifting device 12 and dust subtube 13.The concrete structure of whole stove is as content of the invention institute
State, wherein feeding device 1 is located at the front of furnace body 5, and the lower end of feeding device 1 is connected with raw material storage bin 9, feeding device 1
Upper end be connected with screw conveyor 10;The end of screw conveyor 10 is placed on feed hopper 2;Feed hopper 2 is located at
The surface of furnace body 5;Dust collect plant 4 is located at the top of whole equipment, and dust collect plant 4 is provided with 4 supports being arranged symmetrically
Dirt subtube 13, the end of every dust subtube 13 moderately bend and are directed at a certain position of furnace roof, dust collect plant 4 and dedusting
System is connected;Furnace bottom cooling device 6 is located at the underface of furnace body 5;Drawing mechanism 7 is located at the lower section of furnace bottom cooling device 6
And the top of finished product storage tank 8 is extended to by weighing hopper 11 and lifting device 12;Two size graphite electrodes 3 of the same race are in stove
The distance between body symmetry arrangement along in length centerline, two root graphite electrodes 3 is 5 times of the diameter itself of graphite electrode 3, graphite
The top of electrode 3 is connected by copper bar wire with dc source, and the top plate of furnace body 5 is fixed on by electrode holde
On, among its lower end insertion furnace body 5, the depth of insertion is 1/2~2/3 (for example, 1/2) of the height of furnace body 5.
The inventive method is produced daily as 15t, with stone using foregoing continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace as capital equipment
Oil coke is the production that raw material carries out bulk artificial graphite, and its production application process comprises the following steps:
(1) petroleum coke got ready is sent to the vertical graphiteization electricity designed by this invention through feeding device, feed hopper
In stove, dc source is connected, graphitizing furnace is begun to warm up, wherein, the ash content of petroleum coke is 0.48%, sulfur content is
0.36%th, volatilization is divided into 0.57%, real density>2.1g/cm3, divide ore particle degree to be 1-10mm (for example, 2-10mm);
(2) as in-furnace temperature rises, material is successively by dry, calcination stage, steam and volatilization caused by this stage
Dividing will be discharged by furnace roof dust-collecting equipment;
(3) material petroleum coke is conductive, and after electrode is powered, cold petroleum coke starts conduction, produces resistance heat, is producing
Current convergence flows between two electrodes under state, can form one 3000 DEG C~3200 DEG C near electrode connecting line in section
High-temperature region.Material drop to up to be rapidly heated in more than 3000 DEG C of high-temperature region and it is average be detained in high-temperature region stop 2 hours
10 minutes, discharged after completing graphitization;
(4) after the completion of material graphitization, cooled down into furnace bottom cooling device, set after being cooled to 180 DEG C into discharging
Standby middle discharging, is dispensed after material naturally cools to room temperature.
When carrying out continuous production using the continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace of the present invention, after 10~30min (examples
Such as, 15min) load a material, discharge primary production, material from charging aperture enter discharging opening discharge averagely need it is 3~4 small
When (for example, 3 hours).
Stove lining temperature is up to 1200 DEG C in production process, after realizing steady production, to high-purity bulk artificial graphite
Sampling chemical examination, the results list (being shown in Table 1) are as follows.
Table 1
By the data analysis of upper table, the high-purity bulk artificial graphite of production averagely fixes carbon content more than 99.95%,
Sulphur content content is less than 0.05%, and average resistivity is less than 100 μ Ω m, and real density is more than 2.20g/cm3, every physical index is equal
Reach the requirement of high purity graphite.
The continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace that the present invention designs has the following technical effect that:
(1) bulk artificial stone can be carried out using the continous way direct current superhigh temperature graphitizing electric furnace equipment designed by the present invention
The special continuous production of ink, it is a very big progress that this is compared with caused byproduct in graphite electrode graphitizing process;
(2) it is in line arrangement using direct current as power supply and graphite electrode, uniform temperature can be obtained in graphitizing furnace
, the raw material in high-temperature region can be obtained than more consistent heating or insulation, it is ensured that the abundant stone of bulk graphite produced
Mo Hua, uniform quality, purity are higher;
(3) heat preservation zone in stove be present, the material of heat preservation zone is not discharged with high-purity bulk graphite, accumulation of heat can be avoided to damage
Lose, therefore the power consumption for producing high-purity bulk artificial graphite can be down to below 2000kwh/t;
(4) because heat preservation zone can be reduced to 1150~1250 DEG C to certain buffer action of high-temperature region, furnace inner lining temperature,
The reduction of temperature will decrease to inner lining refractory requirement, on the other hand can also substantially increase continous way direct current superelevation
The bulk life time of warm graphitizing electric furnace, maintenance time is reduced, improve operating efficiency;
(5) the high-purity bulk artificial graphite uniform quality of production, more than 99.95%, sulphur content contains averagely fixed carbon content
Amount is less than 0.05%, and average resistivity is less than 100 μ Ω m, and real density is more than 2.20g/cm3, every physical index reaches state
The requirement of high-purity Delanium defined in family's standard.