CN105617132A - 一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途,属于中药领域。本发明中的中药组合物由如下原料制得:薄荷、薏苡仁、徐长卿、红花、五味子、茯苓、丹参、鸡血藤、杜仲、淫羊藿、桑寄生、川芎、虎杖、白芍、麻黄、怀牛膝、甘草、骨碎补和独活。本发明中的中药组合物在治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎方面具有很好的治疗效果,具有显著的临床推广价值。
Description
本申请是申请人崔新明提出的发明专利申请(发明名称为:一种治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的中药组合物,申请号为:2014101131325,申请日为:2014年3月25日)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途。
背景技术
肩周炎又称肩关节周围炎,俗称凝肩、五十肩。以肩部逐渐产生疼痛,夜间为甚,逐渐加重,肩关节活动功能受限而且日益加重,达到某种程度后逐渐缓解,直至最后完全复原为主要表现的肩关节囊及其周围韧带、肌腱和滑囊的慢性特异性炎症。肩周炎是以肩关节疼痛和活动不便为主要症状的常见病症。本病的好发年龄在50岁左右,女性发病率略高于男性,多见于体力劳动者。如得不到有效的治疗,有可能严重影响肩关节的功能活动。肩关节可有广泛压痛,并向颈部及肘部放射,还可出现不同程度的三角肌的萎缩。
肩周炎的临床表现为:1.肩部疼痛:起初肩部呈阵发性疼痛,多数为慢性发作,以后疼痛逐渐加剧或钝痛,或刀割样痛,且呈持续性,气候变化或劳累后常使疼痛加重,疼痛可向颈项及上肢(特别是肘部)扩散,当肩部偶然受到碰撞或牵拉时,常可引起撕裂样剧痛,肩痛昼轻夜重为本病一大特点,若因受寒而致痛者,则对气候变化特别敏感;2.肩关节活动受限:肩关节向各方向活动均可受限,以外展、上举、内旋外旋更为明显,随着病情进展,由于长期废用引起关节囊及肩周软组织的粘连,肌力逐渐下降,加上喙肱韧带固定于缩短的内旋位等因素,使肩关节各方向的主动和被动活动均受限,特别是梳头、穿衣、洗脸、叉腰等动作均难以完成,严重时肘关节功能也可受影响,屈肘时手不能摸到同侧肩部,尤其在手臂后伸时不能完成屈肘动作;3.怕冷:患者肩怕冷,不少患者终年用棉垫包肩,即使在暑天,肩部也不敢吹风;4.压痛:多数患者在肩关节周围可触到明显的压痛点,压痛点多在肱二头肌长头肌腱沟处、肩峰下滑囊、喙突、冈上肌附着点等处;5.肌肉痉挛与萎缩:三角肌、冈上肌等肩周围肌肉早期可出现痉挛,晚期可发生废用性肌萎缩,出现肩峰突起,上举不便,后伸不能等典型症状,此时疼痛症状反而减轻。
肌腱炎俗称“脉窝风”,在中医属于“劳损”的范畴,病人会感到关节有不同程度的疼痛、麻木、僵硬、肿胀等症状,是由于“气滞血瘀”所导致的疼痛,“气伤痛,形伤肿”,因外力伤及经络,导致经络受阻,气血运行失调,流通不畅造成。需要肌腱膏促进局部血液微循环,改善病变周围组织营养。病因大多不明。多数病人为中年和老年人,由于肌腱血液供应不良和反复遭受轻微外伤常导致较大损伤。反复或剧烈外伤(不完全断裂),劳损,过劳(由于不适应)运动等,为最常见的可能致病原因。常见患处有手腕、手指、肩部等位置。女性及糖尿病患者会较易患上这病。病人会感到关节疼痛,晨僵,通常关节晨僵的感觉在起床后最为明显,而症状并不会随着活动频繁而明显缓解。受影响的关节肿胀,甚至弹响,关节活动障碍。
目前,对肩周炎主要是保守治疗。口服消炎镇痛药,物理治疗,痛点局部封闭,按摩推拿、自我按摩等综合疗法。同时进行关节功能练习,包括主动与被动外展、旋转、伸屈及环转运动。当肩痛明显减轻而关节仍然僵硬时,可在全麻下手法松解,以恢复关节活动范围。药物治疗仍然是治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的最主要最有效的治疗方式。目前临床上主要采用皮质激素硬膜外注射治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎。皮质激素是一种长效抗炎剂,可以减轻神经根周围炎症和粘连。一般采用长效皮质类固醇制剂+2%利多卡因行硬膜外注射,每周一次,3次为一个疗程,2-4周后可再用一个疗程。使用该药物可以暂时缓解患者的痛苦,但其仍然不能对肩周炎或肌腱炎起到根本的治疗效果,并且长期使用激素类药物扰乱了患者的正常生活状态,严重影响了药物的治疗效果和用药依从性。寻找一种疗效确切、毒副作用低的肩周炎或肌腱炎治疗药物仍然是广大患者和医药工作者的共同诉求。
中医药治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的历史源远流长,而且作为现代骨科疾病综合治疗的一个重要方面,近年来越来越受到关注。中国专利申请200810031344.3公开了一种治疗颈、脊、腰椎间盘突出、骨质增生和筋骨疼痛的膏药、中国专利申请201010590483.7公开了一种治疗跌打损伤、骨折、腰椎间盘突出的黑膏药及其制备方法,这些专利均公开了一些利用中药材配制的药物,前两件为内服药,后两种为外用药。
纵观世界新药的研究方向,80年代以前主要是研究开发单一的化学药物及其制剂,80年代以后开始发展生物技术和天然植物药物,药物研究方向趋于多样性。结合现代中医药发展理论,从提高药物疗效、降低副作用的角度出发,经过对中药成分进行筛选提取和/或配伍制得的制剂,其副作用小,安全性高,具有化学合成药不能比拟的优势。
发明内容
针对目前肩周炎或肌腱炎治疗药物费用昂贵、副作用高的现有治疗的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种肩周炎或肌腱炎的中药组合物,该中药组合物在治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎方面具有疗效确切、副作用低的技术优势,且价格低廉,适合临床使用。本发明所述的中药组合物,按照重量组分计,包括如下组分:薄荷10-20份、薏苡仁12-18份、徐长卿6-10份、红花10-15份、五味子10-20份、茯苓12-16份、丹参6-9份、鸡血藤20-30份、杜仲20-30份、淫羊藿10-16份、桑寄生12-18份、川芎15-25份、虎杖10-20份、白芍6-12份、麻黄10-15份、怀牛膝15-20份、甘草10-15份。
薄荷:有散风解表、行气解郁、祛风止痒、透斑疹作用。可用于皮肤瘙痒、风疹等证。与蝉蜕为临床常用药对之一用于一般风疹、麻疹后的皮肤瘙痒,亦能改善老年性皮肤瘙痒及牛皮癣瘙痒症状。黄芩:有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血抑菌作用,可降低毛细血管通透性。可用于热毒火邪浸淫皮肤之疮痈毒肿等证。
薏苡仁,甘、淡,凉,归脾、胃、肺经。渗湿,健脾,除痹。其脂肪油有解热、镇静、镇痛作用。香附,辛、微苦、微甘,平,归肝、脾、三焦经。通络止痛,理气和中。《本草纲目》认为其“止心腹、肢体、头、目、齿、耳诸痛”。本品含挥发油,主要有镇痛、抗炎等作用。其行气以助血行,和中以免温燥药物伤胃。薏苡的主要成分包括薏苡仁脂,脂肪油,含肉豆蔻酸,薏苡仁油小剂量对呼吸有兴奋作用,大剂量则有麻痹作用,能使肺血管显著扩张,有利尿作用,抗肿瘤作用。其功能包括:键脾叄湿,除痹止泻,清热排脓,用于水肿,脚气,小便不利,湿痹拘恋,脾虚世泻,肺痈肠疡,扁平疣。
徐长卿的主要化学成分包括C21甾类化合物、徐长卿苷、白癓苷,有镇痛作用,镇静作用,可降低冠状动脉血流量,改善心肌代谢,缓解心肌缺血,有降血脂作用,预防动脉粥样硬化,对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,宋内痢疾杆菌,绿脓杆菌有抑制作用。其功能包括:镇静止痛,却湿解毒,风湿性关节痛,头痛,牙痛,跌打损伤,头晕,皮肤湿疹,蛇虫咬伤。
红花主要化学成分包括红花苷、红花醒苷、红花多糖、棕榈酸、肉桂酸,具有扩血管作用,能降低冠状动脉阻力,增加冠状动脉血流量,提高心肌营养性血流量,有抗疑血和抗血栓形成作用,可以兴奋子宫,小剂量使子宫发生节律性收缩,大剂量使子宫肌痉恋,能降低血清中胆固醇及甘油三脂等血脂水平。其功能包括:活血通络,散瘀止痛,用于闭经,痛经,恶露不行,癓瘕痞块,跌扑损伤,疮痛肿痛。
五味子能上敛肺气,下滋肾阴,对肺肾两亏所致的久咳虚喘,可收止咳平喘的效果,常配党参、麦冬、熟地、山萸肉等同用;本品能生津止渴、固涩敛汗。常可配麦冬、生地、天花粉等用治津少口渴;可配党参、麦冬、浮小麦、牡蛎等治体虚多汗,无论阳虚自汗,阴虚盗汗,均能应用;五味子能益肾固精、涩肠止泻。治梦遗滑精、小便频数等症,可与桑螵蛸、菟丝子等同用;治久泻,可与补骨脂、肉豆蔻等同用。属菊科多年生草本植物。
茯苓,俗称云苓、松苓、茯灵,为寄生在松树根上的菌类植物,形状像甘薯,外皮黑褐色,里面白色或粉红色。古人称茯苓为“四时神药”,因为它功效非常广泛,不分四季,将它与各种药物配伍,不管寒、温、风、湿诸疾,都能发挥其独特功效。茯苓味甘、淡、性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用。现代医学研究:茯苓能增强机体免疫功能,茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤及保肝脏作用。
丹参具有活血散淤、消肿止血、消炎止痛、调经止痛、扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌缺血状况、降低血压、安神静心、降血糖和抗菌等功效,对月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕积聚,胸腹刺痛,热痹疼痛,疮疡肿痛,心烦不眠;肝脾肿大,心绞痛等病症有一定的疗效。此外,近代医学实验证明,丹参还具有抗血小板凝聚、降低血液黏度及调节内外凝血系统的功能,是一种安全又可靠的治疗心脏血管疾病的天然中药。
鸡血藤:为豆科攀援植物密花豆、香花崖豆藤、常绿油麻藤等的藤茎。有人认为该药出自《本草纲目拾遗》,但考其植物描述和现今不同。其真正名实相符之名出自清代汪昂《本草备要》,其它本草学还载有“血风藤”、“血藤”等别名。有些地区如东北、西北、中南把木通科藤本植物大血藤的藤茎(即红藤、大血藤,后述)作鸡血藤用,云南把木兰科植物异型南五味子及中间五味子的藤茎作鸡血藤用。正通的鸡血藤主产广西、广东,性味苦甘温,归肝经,有行血补血,调经,舒筋活络等功效,可治疗月经不调、经行不畅、痛经、血虚经闭等妇科病以及风湿痹痛、手足麻木、肢体瘫软、血虚痿黄等,治白细胞减少也有一定疗效。
杜仲的主要化学成分包括多种木脂素、苯丙素及环烯醚萜类化合物,具有降血压作用,重复使用会产生耐受性,可兴奋垂体肾上腺皮质系统功能,提高腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,可对抗氢化可的松的免疫抑制作用。其功能包括:补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎,肾虚腰痛,筋骨无力,妊晨漏血,胎动不安,高血压。
淫羊藿的主要化学成分包括淫羊藿苷,淫羊藿脂素,总黄酮,可使红细胞免疫血清溶血水平体高,促进脾脏抗体生成细胞增多,并能提高淋巴细胞转化率,增强免疫功能,使腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能增强,淫羊藿多糖可显著提高羏基脲所致“阳痿”的髓细胞增殖率和脱氧核糖核酸合成率,有强心,抗心肌缺血,增加冠状动脉血流量,抗炎,抗菌等作用。补肾阳,强筋骨,却风湿,可用于阳痿遗精,筋骨痿软,风湿痹痛,麻木拘恋,更年期高血压。
桑寄生味苦、甘,性平。归肝、肾经。性缓气和,可升可降。临床主要有两大应用:1.补肝肾,强筋骨,祛风湿;用于肝肾不足、血虚失养的关节不利、筋骨痿软、腰膝酸痛,如独活寄生汤;2.养血安胎;该品能养血安胎气,补肾固胎元,用于血虚胎动不安;该品甘平,功能补益肝肾、强筋健骨、味甘又能祛风湿、疗痹痛,为肾虚腰痛、胎动不安及风湿日久正虚邪实所常用;现代药理学研究显示,在正常搏动和颤动的离体豚鼠心脏标本上,桑寄生(冲剂)均有舒张冠状血管、增加冠脉流量的作用,并能对抗脑垂体后叶素;实验证明:总黄酮20-25mg即有持续扩冠及强心作用,其1%的浓度即能增加离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量2-3倍,且似乎不增加心肌耗氧量,对心肌收缩力则先抑制后增强,对正常离体兔耳血管无直接扩张作用,但对胆固醇性血管硬化的离体兔耳血管却有明显直接扩张作用。
川芎,原名芎藭。一种中药植物,常用于活血行气,祛风止痛,主要栽培于四川、云南、贵州、广西、湖北等地。川芎辛温香燥,走而不守,既能行散,上行可达巅顶;又入血分,下行可达血海。活血祛瘀作用广泛,适宜瘀血阻滞各种病症;祛风止痛,效用甚佳,可治头风头痛、风湿痹痛等症。昔人谓川芎为血中之气药,殆言其寓辛散、解郁、通达、止痛等功能。本品辛温升散,凡阴虚阳亢及肝阳上亢者不宜应用;月经过多、孕妇亦忌用。
虎杖:药用其根,性微温,具活血通经,利湿功能,传统用于治疗风湿、痹痛、黄疸、闭经、痛经等。据现代药理研究证明,虎杖含蒽醌类化合物和黄酮类多种成分,从其根茎中可提取具有降血脂成分的白藜芦醇苷等。有关实验证明,虎杖有降低胆固醇和甘油三酯的作用。
白芍(学名:PaeoniasternianaFletcherinJourn.)也称白花芍药,是毛茛科芍药属植物。在中国已有悠久的栽培历史,驰名中外,其根并入药。白芍性凉,味苦酸,微寒,具有补血柔肝、平肝止痛。敛阴收汗等功效,适用于阴虚发热、月经不调、胸腹胁肋疼痛、四肢挛急,泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、崩漏、带下等症。芍药甙有抗菌、解热、抗炎、增加冠状动脉流量、改善心肌营养血流、扩张血管、对抗急性心肌缺血、抑制血小板聚集、镇静、镇痛、解痉、抗溃疡、调节血糖的作用。白芍煎剂能抑制痢疾杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌等。
麻黄具有发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿的功效。临床用于风寒感冒,胸闷喘咳,风水浮肿;支气管哮喘。蜜麻黄润肺止咳。多用于表症已解,气喘咳嗽等症。现代药理学显示,麻黄碱对骨骼肌有抗疲劳作用,能促进被箭毒所抑制的神经肌肉间的传导,可用于重症肌无力的治疗;还可引起高血糖,但其作用较弱而不恒定.麻黄碱及麻黄总生物碱对正常及发热猫均不表现发汗作用,在一般情况下,麻黄碱对人不能诱发出汗。
牛膝(亦称怀牛膝),苋科,系多年生草本植物。又称山苋菜、对节菜、积名牛茎。根呈园柱形,茎有棱角,节部膨大,状似牛的膝盖,故称牛膝。怀牛膝药效高,李时珍说它:'滋补之功,如牛之力。'牛膝气味苦酸平,主治寒湿痿痹、四肢拘挛,膝痛不可屈伸,逐血气,伤热火烂,久服轻身耐老。博爱的牛膝,长于补益肝肾,强腰膝以及活血、引血下行的作用。甘草,甘,平,归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,缓急止痛,调和诸药。甘草有抗炎、抗过敏,及抗利尿、降脂、保肝等作用。
申请人按照上述中药组合物对肩周炎或肌腱炎患者的治疗效果,对上述中药组合物中组分进行了进一步优选,申请人发现当所述中药组合物中组分重量份为薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、麻黄12份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份,中药组合物的治疗效果最好。
作为本发明所优选的一种实施方式,上述中药组合物中还可以进一步包含骨碎补8份和独活15份。两种药物与上述中药组合物联用可进一步增强中药组合物对肩周炎或肌腱炎的治疗效果,并可以降低药物对机体的药物毒性。骨碎补性温,味苦。具有补肾强骨,续伤止痛。用于肾虚腰痛、肾虚久泻、耳鸣耳聋、牙齿松动、跌扑闪挫、筋骨折伤;外治斑秃、白癜等症的治疗。据中国药科大学周铜水等研究,槲蕨根茎水煎剂(20g/kg,30g/kg)及柚皮甙(相当原药20g/kg)灌胃对实验性大鼠骨损伤愈合有促进作用。另外,骨碎补水煎剂7.5-50g/kg灌胃,对大鼠实验性关节炎具有刺激骨关节软骨细胞代偿性增生作用,并能部分改善由于力学应力线改变造成关节软骨的退行性变,从而降低骨关节病变率。独活为伞形科植物重齿毛川芎的干燥根。主产于四川、湖北、安徽等地。《本草正》:“专理下焦风湿,两足痛痹,湿痒拘挛。”现代研究,独活有抗炎、镇痛及镇静作用;对血小板聚集有抑制作用;并有降压作用,但不持久;所含香柑内酯、花椒毒素等有光敏及抗肿瘤作用。该品辛散苦燥,气香温通,功善袪风湿,止痹痛,为治风湿痹痛主药,凡风寒湿邪所致之痹证,无论新久,均可应用;因其主入肾经,性善下行,尤以腰膝、腿足关节疼痛属下部寒湿者为宜。治感受风寒湿邪的风寒湿痹,肌肉、腰背、手足疼痛,常与川芎、白术、牛膝等同用,如独活汤(《活幼新书》);若与桑寄生、杜仲、人参等配伍,可治痹证日久正虚,腰膝酸软,关节屈伸不利者,如独活寄生汤(《千金方》)。
本发明第二个目的是提供包含上述中药组合物的中药制剂,本发明中药组合物可以根据需要制备成合适的药物制剂给药,优选为外用制剂,如散剂、水剂、酊剂、乳膏剂、搽剂、凝胶剂等。所述外用制剂可以通过将药物直接煎煮或者先制备成浸膏后粉碎成中药细粉,再依据所述制剂的常规工艺制得。为了使本发明使本领域技术人员能够按照本发明制得上述所述制剂,本发明提供一种中药组合物的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:取上述重量组分的各药材,加药材总重量的5-15倍的水,浸泡10-60分钟,煎煮1-4次,每次1-3小时,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.25的浸膏,该相对密度是在60摄氏度下的检测结果,加入乙醇至含醇量为60-90%(v/v),静置24小时,取上清液,回收乙醇至浓缩,即得。
本发明还公开一种上述中药组合物的医药用途,即上述中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎药物中的用途。本发明实施例10显示,与模型组比较,给药后1h和2h后,本发明中药组合物各个给药组的小鼠添足反应的潜伏期均大于模型组,存在剂量依赖关系,并且高剂量组的潜伏期显著大于模型组(P<0.05)。说明该本发明中药组合物能够延长小鼠对热板刺激的添足反应潜伏期,有一定的镇痛作用。同样实验条件下,阳性对照药也延长了小鼠添足反应的潜伏期,都有一定的镇痛作用,但其延长效果不及本发明中药组合物。本发明实施例11显示,与模型组比较,本发明中药组合物低、中、高各个剂量组均显著或极显著地降低了全血低切指数、红细胞聚集指数、卡松粘度和血浆粘度,降低幅度存在量效关系,其中高剂量有显著差异(P<0.05)。同样实验条件下,阳性对照药组也降低了全血高切指数、全血低切指数、红细胞聚集指数,但其对血液流变学指数的改善效果均不及本发明中药组合物。这表明本发明中药组合物在改善大鼠模型方面优于阳性药物组。本发明实施例12显示,本发明中药组合物的临床治疗效果显著优于现有的推拿及西药布洛芬片治疗,且本发明为纯中药制剂,无毒副作用,有很好的临床应用前景。
本发明一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎药物中的用途,所述中药组合物由如下重量份的原料制成:薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、麻黄15份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份、骨碎补8份和独活15份。
总之,本发明与现有技术相比,具有很好治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的活性,并且可以本发明为纯中药制剂,对人体特别是对肝脏无毒性。本发明作为肩周炎或肌腱炎治疗药物使用时,药物作用全面,能够迅速使患者病情好转,并能从根本上缓解疾病的发病原因;并且本发明中药组合物制备简单,基本无毒,原料易得,适于大众化使用,具有很好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步描述本发明,但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明所述的中药组合物进行适当改进、替换功效相同的组分,对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
第一部分本发明中药组合物的制备
实施例1本发明的中药组合物散剂
处方:薄荷10份、薏苡仁12份、徐长卿6份、红花10份、五味子10份、茯苓12份、丹参6份、鸡血藤20份、杜仲20份、淫羊藿10份、桑寄生12份、川芎15份、虎杖10份、白芍6份、麻黄10份、怀牛膝15份、甘草12份。
制备方法:取组合物中各药材,按照常规工艺研磨成粉状,过100目筛,小火烘干备用,即得散剂。使用时,用醋、蜜、麻油等调敷患处。
实施例2本发明的中药组合物水剂
处方:薄荷20份、薏苡仁18份、徐长卿10份、红花15份、五味子20份、茯苓16份、丹参9份、鸡血藤30份、杜仲30份、淫羊藿16份、桑寄生18份、川芎25份、虎杖20份、白芍12份、麻黄12份、怀牛膝20份、甘草15份。
制备方法:制备方法:取处方中各药材,按照常规中药煎煮工艺操作,滤除药渣即得。该水剂(或称汤剂)用于治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎时,每日2-3次。
实施例3本发明中药组合物酊剂
处方:薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、麻黄12份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份。
制备方法:取组合物中各药材,按照常规工艺研磨成粉状,置密闭的瓷坛中,加入4倍重量的80%乙醇溶液,密闭浸渍2天(即48h),取出浸液,压榨药渣,榨出液与浸液合并,密闭,静置24h,滤过,加入适量蒸馏水,乙醇浓度控制在70%-75%,充分搅拌均匀,灌装,即得。
实施例4本发明中药组合物软膏剂
处方:薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、麻黄13份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份。
制备工艺:首先,取处方量的各中药材粉碎成粗粉,按照粗粉总重量的5倍加入体积浓度为80%的乙醇溶液,回流提取三次,回流时间每次3h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,冷却过滤,用水洗涤,干燥后即得中药浸膏;其次,将鸡蛋壳小火焙黄研成粉末;最后,将中药浸膏、鸡蛋壳粉混合均匀,加入鸡蛋黄、100g白凡士林、20g单硬脂酸甘油脂、120g硬脂酸和适量的蒸馏水制成软膏剂。
实施例5中药组合物搽剂
处方:中药组合物细粉0.1-20g、甘油100-500ml、硫酸锌10-100g、新洁尔灭10-30ml、尿素10-200g、纯化水适量。
制备工艺:中药组合物处方同实施例1。取各药材,加药材总重量的5-15倍的水,浸泡10-60分钟,煎煮1-4次,每次1-3小时,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.25的浸膏,该相对密度是在60摄氏度下的检测结果,加入乙醇至含醇量为60-90%(v/v),静置24小时,取上清液,回收乙醇至浓缩,即得。将浸膏烘干后粉碎即可制得中药组合物细粉。
称取处方量取硫酸锌细粉和尿素颗粒,混匀后于研钵中磨至细粉,再加入甘油快速研磨均匀,加入少量纯化水多次,至研钵中混合物全部转移到合适容器中,加水适量,加入处方量的中药组合物细粉,混匀,加入新洁尔灭,搅拌均匀,最后加水至1000ml。再用1%NaOH溶液调PH至6.5,搅拌均匀,备用。
实施例6中药组合物凝胶剂
处方:中药组合物细粉0.1-20g、硫酸锌5-100g、硼酸10-100g、亚硫酸钠1-4g、羟苯乙酯1-2g、乙醇3-500ml、丙二醇50-200ml、卡波姆9408-15g、三乙醇胺10-20g、纯化水适量。
制备工艺:中药组合物处方同实施例4,中药组合物细粉的制备方法同实施例9。取卡波姆洒入适量纯化水中,搅拌,静置过夜,使充分溶胀,加入亚硫酸钠与丙二醇搅拌溶解,搅拌下滴加三乙醇胺,制成凝胶基质;另取硼酸与硫酸锌溶解于少量水中,然后加入中药组合物细粉和乙醇,混匀,搅拌下加入凝胶基质中,搅匀,密封,放置备用。
实施例7本发明的中药组合物散剂
处方:薄荷10份、薏苡仁12份、徐长卿6份、红花10份、五味子10份、茯苓12份、丹参6份、鸡血藤20份、杜仲20份、淫羊藿10份、桑寄生12份、川芎15份、虎杖10份、白芍6份、怀牛膝15份、甘草12份、麻黄10份、骨碎补8份、独活15份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例8本发明的中药组合物水剂
处方:薄荷20份、薏苡仁18份、徐长卿10份、红花15份、五味子20份、茯苓16份、丹参9份、鸡血藤30份、杜仲30份、淫羊藿16份、桑寄生18份、川芎25份、虎杖20份、白芍12份、怀牛膝20份、甘草15份、麻黄12份、骨碎补8份、独活15份。
制备方法同实施例2。
实施例9本发明中药组合物软膏剂
处方:薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份、麻黄15份、骨碎补8份、独活15份。
制备方法同实施例4。
第二部分本发明中药组合物药效部分考察
实施例10本发明中药组合物对小鼠热板镇痛的影响
10.1小鼠热板疼痛模型制作
将体重20g左右小鼠放在热板测痛仪上,筛选合格♀性小鼠90只(舔后足时间<5s或>30s弃置,为防止足部烫伤,也应设截止时间,一般为60s),以小鼠添后足反应的潜伏期为痛阈指标,取60只小鼠,分为5组,12只/组,即模型组、阳性药物组、本发明中药组合物软膏剂(按实施例4所述中药组合物处方和制备工艺制得)低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。各组均为外用涂抹给药,1次/天,给药剂量如表1所示,其中用药时保证各给药组用药体积相同。连续给药14d后,测定末次药后60min、120min发生添足反应的时间。其中阳性药物组按CN103156968A实施例制备得到,其详细制备方法为:取螃蟹、仙鹤草、三分三、千年健、骨碎补、土鳖虫、接骨木、八角枫根、见血飞、马钱子、羌活、独活、没药13味药材分别洗净,用热风烘干,再用紫外线消毒;其中马钱子经过炒制;然后分别研磨成60目粉末;再取螃蟹28g,仙鹤草6g,三分三22g,千年健18g,骨碎补14g,土鳖虫22g,接骨木22g,八角枫根13g,见血飞22g,马钱子25g,羌活14g,独活14g,没药8g混合均匀,用50℃包谷酒调成糊状,即得外用苗药。盛装于陶瓷药罐内,置于阴凉处保存。使用时取出。
本发明中药组合物对小鼠热板镇痛实验中舔足反应潜伏期的影响
小鼠舔足反应潜伏期时间显示,与模型组比较,给药后1h和2h后,本发明中药组合物各个给药组的小鼠添足反应的潜伏期均大于模型组,存在剂量依赖关系,并且高剂量组的潜伏期显著大于模型组(P<0.05)。说明该本发明中药组合物能够延长小鼠对热板刺激的添足反应潜伏期,有一定的镇痛作用。同样实验条件下,阳性对照药也延长了小鼠添足反应的潜伏期,都有一定的镇痛作用,但其延长效果不及本发明中药组合物。结果见表1。
表1小鼠舔足反应潜伏期时间表()
注:与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
实施例11本发明中药组合物对大鼠血瘀模型的改善作用
取健康SD大鼠,体重180-200g,60只,雌雄各半,按体重随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型组、阳性药物组(制备方法同本发明实施例10)以及本发明中药组合物(按实施例3所述中药组合物处方和制备工艺制得)低、中、高组,每组10只。外用涂抹给药,连续给药14天,正常对照组和模型组给0.5%CMC,其余给对应的药。给药第13天、14天,除正常对照组外,其余组动物按1mg/Kg皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素,2次/天,间隔4h,第一次注射后2h将动物放进4℃冰水中15min。给药第15天取4-5ml血肝素抗凝测定血液流变学参数。
结果显示,模型组与正常对照比较,全血低切指数、红细胞聚集指数、卡松粘度和血浆粘度均有显著增高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,本发明中药组合物低、中、高各个剂量组均显著或极显著地降低了全血低切指数、红细胞聚集指数、卡松粘度和血浆粘度,降低幅度存在量效关系,其中高剂量有显著差异(P<0.05)。同样实验条件下,阳性对照药组也降低了全血高切指数、全血低切指数、红细胞聚集指数,但其对血液流变学指数的改善效果均不及本发明中药组合物。这表明本发明中药组合物在改善大鼠模型方面优于阳性药物组。
表2本发明中药组合物对大鼠血瘀模型血流变的影响()
注:与正常对照比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
实施例12本发明中药组合物对肩周炎或肌腱炎的临床治疗效果
1、临床统计学基本资料:选取2012年6月-8月在河北省人民医院就诊的患者80例,住院或门诊病人,基本年龄25-50岁之间,平均年龄为44岁,其中病程最长者5年,最短者3月;经CT及X光片证实为腰椎间盘突出。随机分两组,对照组和治疗组,两组在年龄、性别、病情严重程度无太大差异,具有可比性。
2、治疗方式:对照组采用推拿及西药布洛芬片治疗。治疗组采用本发明的实施例1制备的药物制剂治疗。每10天为一疗程,治疗三个疗程后观察疗效。
3、疗效制定标准:
有效:治疗后疼痛麻木明显减轻。
无效:经治疗后症状无明显变化。
4、治疗效果
治疗效果见表3,结果显示,本发明中药组合物的临床治疗效果显著优于现有的推拿及西药布洛芬片治疗,且本发明为纯中药制剂,无毒副作用,有很好的临床应用前景。
表3本发明中药组合物对肩周炎或肌腱炎的临床治疗效果
Claims (3)
1.一种中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途,其特征在于所述中药组合物由如下重量份的原料制成:薄荷15份、薏苡仁15份、徐长卿8份、红花12份、五味子15份、茯苓14份、丹参8份、鸡血藤25份、杜仲25份、淫羊藿12份、桑寄生14份、川芎20份、虎杖15份、白芍9份、麻黄15份、怀牛膝18份、甘草12份、骨碎补8份和独活15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途,其特征在于:所述的中药组合物为外用制剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的中药组合物在制备治疗肩周炎或肌腱炎的药物中的用途,其特征在于:所述的外用制剂为散剂、水剂、酊剂、乳膏剂、搽剂或凝胶剂。
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