CN105613248A - 一种多用水培植物盆及使用方法 - Google Patents
一种多用水培植物盆及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613248A CN105613248A CN201610111164.0A CN201610111164A CN105613248A CN 105613248 A CN105613248 A CN 105613248A CN 201610111164 A CN201610111164 A CN 201610111164A CN 105613248 A CN105613248 A CN 105613248A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
本发明提供了一种节地节水节肥性价比较高的多用途水培植物盆及使用方法，该植物盆是一长方体，分别由水盆、托盘、固定海绵、反光膜、曝气三通、溢水接头、高位水箱、低位储水盆组成，其中，水盆上配置有托盘，托盘格栅中塞置有固定海绵，相邻两行或两排植物之间放置反光膜，曝气三通放置在托盘上其进水口与高位水箱相连，溢水接头安装在水盆的一个侧壁上与低位储水盆连接。该植物盆不但可在海岛沙漠兵营农村等集约化使用，也可在住宅、办公室、阳台、庭院使用；不但可在室外适时使用，还可在大棚或室内适时或反季节使用；不但可以单盆使用，也可按植物盆宽度或长度组合平面使用，还可立体上架多层使用；不但可以种植相关蔬菜，也可种植相关的药材和花卉等；为方便作物的管理降低种植成本，还可在同一个长水盆上放置多个托盘。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及无土栽培中的水培种植，具体涉及一种多用水培植物盆及使用方法。
背景技术
[0002]好地、菜地被大量挤占，水资源在减少，农药化肥过度使用，各种疑难病高发等，蔬菜领域的食品安全越来越严峻。无土栽培特别是水培种植以节地，节水，易于产业化，易于通过营养液补充植物的各种成分已成为集约农业发展的方向，但是现行水培种植及栽培器具体型大占地多不易操作造价高性价比低，其不但不易实现规模经营，也难进入家庭。现有水培蔬菜技术及器具有以下不足:如管道栽培，大多在工程塑料管中开口栽培，其封闭管道无法清洗，管道材料本身不断释放有害元素;再如现行的水培蔬菜箱体型大，种植率低，造价较高;还有用开孔泡沫板作为作物载体，强度差，不易管理，等等。
发明内容
[0003]本发明提供了一种节地节水节肥性价比较高的多用途水培植物盆及使用方法，该植物盆不但可在海岛沙漠兵营农村等集约化使用，也可在住宅、办公室、阳台、庭院使用;不但可在室外适时使用，还可在大棚或室内适时或反季节使用；不但可以单盆使用，也可按植物盆宽度或长度组合平面使用，还可立体上架多层使用;不但可以种植相关蔬菜，也可种植相关的药材和花卉等，为进一步提高规模效益，方便作物的管理降低种植成本，还可在同一个长水盆上放置多个托盘。
[0004]本发明的技术方案及特点:
[0005]扁长方体植物盆和四周有沿扁长方水盆的特点:1.省水;2.省材料;3.省空间便于植物盆上架立体使用;4.在保证植物根系生长的前提下，扁形有限水体迫使植物根须横向交叉生长，形成一个整体的根盘，保证植物不倒伏；5.规整长方体植物盆可根据作物的品种、采光要求、场地长宽条件等按植物盆的宽度或长度任意平面组合使用;6.有沿扁长方水盆一般采用无毒塑料注塑或焊接，该的优点:一是便于搬倒日常管理和清洗消毒，二是较薄的壁厚和较省的材料却可获得刚性较高的水盆，三是既便于工厂化立体多层种植的操作管理，也适合家庭种植时中老年和妇女的使用和管理。
[0006]四周有沿，内部为矩形格栅，格栅底部有托网的扁长方体托盘的特点:1.托盘强度高足以承载整盘作物的生长搬倒管理和采摘;2.种植品种的选择性多，如蒜苗、韭菜等小叶蔬菜可以全格栅使用，如生菜、芹菜等大叶蔬菜可在格栅中隔行栽培;3.良好的固定作用，托盘格栅中挤固了两块海绵，两块海绵又固定了苗、种或作物，作物的根系贯串托网深入水盆中下部又交织成了一个整体的根盘，形成了托盘、格栅、加固海绵、托网、根盘、作物六位一体的固定体系。
[0007]固定海绵塞置在托盘格栅内，两块透水透气的海绵，既可在两块海绵中间夹放种子或固定移植的幼苗，还可固定成株，同时使补充水进一步的分散和曝气。
[0008]反光膜，水培植物如要产生规模效益，多采用平面高密度栽培且立体种植，对于喜光植物需充足的阳光或人造光，对于散落在托盘植株间的余光，通过反光膜再利用，增加植物的光合作用。
[0009]曝气三通放置在托盘格栅之上，是一个进水口多个出水口的补水分流并曝气的装置，本植物盆采用节水的扁水盆，整个系统水量少，水中的含氧量也少，为保证作物的需氧量，经曝气三通分流后的补充水分散在固定海绵表面并缓慢渗入水盆中，流速小，面积大，曝气充分，使得系统中水的含氧量提高，平层各植物盆或立体各层植物盆均需并联后接入高位水箱。
[0010]溢水接头安装在一个溢水口上，两个溢水口 一个使用一个封闭，溢水接头是植物盆水位的自动控制装置，平层各植物盆或立体各层植物盆均需并联后汇入低位储水盆。
[0011]高位水箱和低位储水盆采用高低差自然供水，不但是循环水和营养液的混合补充器，又是曝气的一个装置。
附图说明
[0012]图1是该多用水培植物盆的组装图，其中:1.水盆;2.托盘;3.固定海绵;4.反光膜；
5.曝气三通;6.溢水接头;7.高位水箱;8.低位储水盆。
[0013]图2是该多用水培植物盆中水盆的俯视图和A-A剖面图，其中:I水盆;2.溢水口。
[0014]图3是该多用水培植物盆中托盘的俯视图和B-B剖面图，其中:1.托盘;2.格栅;3.托网。
具体实施方式
[0015] 实施例一:
[0016]室内边角利用，室内窗台宽度与多用水培植物盆宽度相仿，在窗台上几个植物盆沿长度一字摆放，宽度方向的溢水口封闭，长度方向各溢水接头并联后汇入低位储水盆，用若干对固定海绵夹住生菜或芹菜苗塞入托盘格栅内，梳理根须露出托网，格栅隔行使用，其余闲置，相邻两行菜苗间放置反光膜，将曝气三通并联后接入高位水箱，每个曝气三通分别放置在各植物盆托盘之上菜苗中间，该两种蔬菜成熟后可外层采摘4-5茬，抽苔时淘汰，系统洗清消毒换新苗再用。
[0017] 实施例二:
[0018]室内阳台利用，用组合式货架按植物盆长度为货架的宽度组装五层菜架，植物盆各平层及各层之间的溢水接头均需并联后汇入低位储水盆，各曝气三通并联后接入高位水箱，曝气三通分别放置在托盘格栅上，该组合五层菜架如栽培需光要求不高或窄叶作物如蒜苗、韭菜等可以全格栅使用，不必安装反光膜;如用其培植蒜苗可用整头大蒜直接放入托盘格栅内不必用固定海绵；如栽培韭菜，在每对固定海绵中夹固4-5个韭菜根塞入格栅内，梳理老根露出托网；如栽培高需光或阔叶植物则格栅隔行使用，以保证植物的生长空间和光照，同时要使用反光膜。
[0019] 实施例三:
[0020]蔬菜大棚工厂化使用，海岛或边防兵营蔬菜大棚，以雨水或雪水为种植用水，以沼夜为基础肥料补以有机元素，以太阳能或风能发电作为补充人造光源，适当增加二氧化碳气体，可添加管理和采摘用的行走升降车等附加设备，菜架除按一定高度和间距排列外可适当在菜架间隔内地面上进行幼苗种植，该除保证植物盆的菜苗外还可消耗沼液残渣，为降低造价和便于管理，可用无毒塑料加工成长条菜盆，即在一个长条菜盆上放置多个托盘。
[0021]每个水箱在某一时间段内只能使用同一种营养液或肥料，要选择与其相适应的植物品种或种类;种植的品种除韭菜等可长年或反季节生长收获外，如生菜、芹菜、香菜、油菜等作物一般外层采摘3-4茬后产量降低或抽苔结仔，应适时淘汰更换新苗。
Claims (9)
1.一种多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于:该植物盆是一长方体，分别由水盆、托盘、固定海绵、反光膜、曝气三通、溢水接头、高位水箱、低位储水盆组成，其中，水盆上配置有托盘，托盘格栅中塞置有固定海绵，相邻两行或两排植物之间放置反光膜，曝气三通放置在托盘上其进水口与高位水箱相连，溢水接头安装在水盆的一个侧壁上与低位储水盆连接，该植物盆可以单盆使用，也可平面多个并联使用，还可立体多层并联使用，该植物盆还可在一个长水盆上配置多个托盘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的水盆是一扁长方盆，四周有沿，水盆相邻两侧壁的上部和盆沿的下面分别设有溢水口，按使用位置一个使用一个封闭，溢水口处装有溢水接头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的托盘是一种扁长方体，四周有沿，内部为矩形格栅，格栅底部有托网。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的固定海绵是塞置在托盘矩形格栅中用于固定植物苗、种的两块海绵。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的反光膜是放置在相邻两行或两排植物之间和托盘格栅之上的反光装置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的曝气三通是放置在托盘格栅之上一个进水口多个出水口的补水分流曝气装置，如多个植物盆平面或立体多层使用，各曝气三通的进水口需同层并联或各层并联后接入高位水箱。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的溢水接头安装在水盆的一个溢水口处，限定植物盆的水位，按使用位置两个溢水口 一个使用一个封闭，如多个植物盆平面或立体多层使用，各接头需同层并联或各层并联后汇入低位储水盆。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的高位水箱采用高低差供水，是循环水和营养液的混合补充器，又是一个曝气装置。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多用水培植物盆及使用方法其特征在于，所述的低位储水盆是整个系统的储水和曝气装置。
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