CN105612630A - 具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体的蓄电池单池、蓄电池模块以及机动车 - Google Patents

具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体的蓄电池单池、蓄电池模块以及机动车 Download PDF

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CN105612630A
CN105612630A CN201480039429.XA CN201480039429A CN105612630A CN 105612630 A CN105612630 A CN 105612630A CN 201480039429 A CN201480039429 A CN 201480039429A CN 105612630 A CN105612630 A CN 105612630A
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pond
battery list
housing
battery module
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CN105612630B (zh
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F·斯蒂姆
M·斯泰尔
A·德尔
A·博世
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种蓄电池单池(10)，优选是锂离子蓄电池单池，具有一个棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体(11)，其中壳体(11)两个相对面(15、16)的一面(15)完全或部分处于阴极电位上和壳体(11)两个相对面(15、16)的第二面(16)完全或部分处于阳极电位上。此外，两个面(15、16)的一个具有从平面中完全或部分凸起的环绕边缘(17)，而相对的面(16)则具有相对于平面完全或部分拉入的环绕边缘(18)。这些蓄电池单池(10)通过叠加能够很容易地连接成蓄电池模块，其中，复杂的连接技术和生产过程能够得到避免。此外公开一种蓄电池模块和具有驱动电动机和蓄电池系统的机动车。

Description

具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体的蓄电池单池、蓄电池模块以及机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体的蓄电池单池，优选是锂离子蓄电池单池、蓄电池模块以及机动车。
背景技术
混合动力车辆(HEV)和电动车辆(EV)优选地将锂离子蓄电池系统作为牵引蓄电池使用，原因是其相当高的单位能量密度、低的自放电和不存在记忆效应。
为实现驱动电机运行所要求的功率和能量数据，将大量的其电压各自仅为约4V的单个蓄电池单池串联或并联，从而一个蓄电池组的总电压能够超过450V。
蓄电池单池通常是棱柱形的、圆柱形的或所谓的袋装的二次电池(也称为咖啡袋单池)。
按照现有技术常见的棱柱形蓄电池单池在图1中示出。单池10具有长方形的或棱柱形的壳体11，在该壳体的一面上具有两个接线端子12、13以及一个排气开口14。壳体11的内腔内设置蓄电池单池常见的组成部分——在此未示出。
多个蓄电池单池构成蓄电池通常按照分级的结构进行，其中首先将多个蓄电池单池组成一个模块并且将两个或多个模块构成一个子单元。两个或多个子单元再构成蓄电池(蓄电池组)，其中，两个或多个模块也能够构成蓄电池(蓄电池组)。
单池与单池连接器的布线是耗费的。此外，单池连接器机械上必须牢固、耐腐蚀、传导性好和有弹性，因为单池在充电和放电时机械上会膨胀或收缩。通常单池、模块和子单元的触点连接通过螺栓或通过焊接产生。借助铆焊或快速连接件的连接也是公知的。这些连接包含复杂和高成本的加工过程。
为避免使用单池连接器，DE102009011524A1公开的蓄电池是，在棱柱形单池的窄面上如此设置电流导体，使得这些单池通过单池的堆叠就已经相互串联连接。
发明内容
依据本发明提供一种蓄电池单池、优选是锂离子蓄电池单池，其具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体，其中，壳体的两个相对的面中的一面完全或部分处于阴极电位上，并且壳体的两个相对的面的第二面完全或部分处于阳极电位上，以及两个面中的一个具有从平面中完全或部分凸起的环绕边缘，而相对的面则具有相对于平面完全或部分收缩的环绕边缘。
蓄电池单池在本发明的框架内是指可反复充电的蓄能池单池(二次电池)。
从平面上凸起的边缘与相对面上的边缘相对应地构造，从而这些边缘在堆叠至少两个蓄电池单池时，类似于乐高积木(Legostein)交错嵌接并将蓄电池单池相互固定在其位置上。
蓄电池单池的布线因此简单地通过堆叠蓄电池单池进行，因为在这种情况下阳极电位或阴极电位上的相应平面相互进行接触。
在此，如此设定凸起和收缩的边缘的尺寸，使两个蓄电池单池之间产生夹紧连接。
凸起的边缘依据本发明不必环绕凸起。该边缘也能够中断和例如在棱柱形的单池上仅设置在角区内。收缩的边缘相应地仅在分段内如此成型，而部分凸起的边缘无问题地可与完全收缩的边缘相结合。
有利地，利用依据本发明构成的蓄电池单池，在多个蓄电池单池的串联布线时能够避免使用单池连接器，从而通过减少无源材料此外提高单池的能量密度。
此外，通过依据本发明的蓄电池单池减少了安装费用，从而亦如通过减少部件那样，能够取得成本下降。
壳体处于不同电位上的部分通过例如塑料件形式的绝缘体或以其他方式彼此电隔离。
优选地，作为具有不同电位的相对的面选取具有最大面积的平面，以便获得尽可能节省空间的单池堆叠。
壳体的处于阳极电位或阴极电位上的区域构成接线端子并分别处于所谓的边缘之间并且具有尽可能大的面积，以便使接触电阻最小化。但这些区域不必具有相同的尺寸。
优选地，接线端子凸出地构成，以便能够使其形成良好的触点接通。在蓄电池单池排列成行时，优选在单池之间设置用于优化触点接通的介质，如接触垫、接触膏或软金属膜。
为接合形成蓄电池模块的至少两个蓄电池单池的单池堆叠，按照本发明的一种优选的实施方式，在第一和最后的蓄电池单池上设置转接件，其可与至少另一个蓄电池模块触点接通。
这些转接件可与如依据本发明的蓄电池单池不同地构成，使外置的接线端子被构造用于与常用的连接器相连接。
这也是可能的，转接件具有带有一个凸起边缘或一个收缩边缘的两个平面，其中，这些平面并排设置并处于相同的电位上。因此并排设置的蓄电池单池堆叠能够通过在一面上使用一个转接器而相互布线。
此外，优选地为每个电压平面设置用于电压测量的分接点。这表示，例如通过中断的边缘或单独的通道引导的电触点为电压测量与模块控制器相连接。
在单池壳体的平面的一部分上也能够安装温度传感器，该部分通过两个相邻的蓄电池单池进行封装。这些温度传感器的触点接通以与前面介绍的电压测量相同的方式进行。
为了以至少两个蓄电池单池的形式构成一个同样要求的蓄电池模块，通常将多个蓄电池单池相互夹紧，以阻止蓄电池单池膨胀。在此，依据本发明将转接件作为压紧板使用，这些压紧板优选设置在单池板叠的两个末端上。
本发明显著地简化了将多个单池组合成多个模块和/或蓄电池组，其中，具有优点的是单个更换损坏的单池，从而与不可松开连接的结构相比明显节约成本，因为在这种结构中始终必须更换整个模块。
通过蓄电池单池或蓄电池单池的壳体的这种依据本发明的构成，由于取消了复杂的连接技术和生产过程，如单池连接器的单个螺栓连接或单池连接器的焊接，与迄今为止所公开的连接方法相比，明显提高了机械稳定性以及单池之间更小的接触电阻。通过从单池到单池的过渡上更小的损耗功率和与此相关更小的放热，与现有技术的模块相比，依据本发明的蓄电池模块能够达到更高的功率。
有利地，与传统结构类型的蓄电池模块相比触点损耗的危险大大降低，从而在使用依据本发明的蓄电池单池情况下安全性大大提高。传统结构类型断开的或松开的单池连接器例如会造成具有所有公知不利后果的电弧形成。
到目前的实施方式同时涉及蓄电池单池和蓄电池模块。
通常在蓄电池单池中设置对于说明本发明并不重要的部件，在此没有详细列举。
依据本发明的蓄电池单池和相应的蓄电池模块能够在机动车的所有牵引蓄电池系统、尤其是在锂蓄电池系统中使用。在电网/电源网络的蓄能器中的同样能够应用。
本发明的主题此外是机动车，具有用于驱动机动车的电驱动电机和与电驱动电机已连接或能够连接的蓄电池，该蓄电池具有依据本发明的蓄电池单池或模块。
本发明的有利的改进在从属权利要求中给出并在说明书中说明。
附图说明
借助附图和后面的说明书详细介绍本发明的实施例。其中：
图1示出了根据现有技术的蓄电池单池的视图；以及
图2示出了根据本发明的蓄电池单池的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图2中示出的依据本发明的蓄电池单池10在壳体11的一面15和相对面16上各设置一个凸起构成的接线端子12、13。
面15具有从平面凸起的环绕边缘17，而相对面16则具有相对于该平面收缩的环绕边缘18。

Claims (8)

1.一种蓄电池单池，具有棱柱形或圆柱形的壳体(11)，其特征在于，
所述壳体(11)的两个相对的面(15、16)中的一面(16)完全或部分地处于阴极电位上，并且所述壳体(11)的所述两个相对的面(15、16)中的第二面(15)完全或部分地处于阳极电位上，并且两个面(15、16)中的一个面具有从平面处完全或部分伸出的环绕的边缘(17)，而相对的面(16)则具有相对于平面完全或部分收缩的环绕的边缘(18)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池单池，其中，所述壳体(11)的处于不同电位上的部分通过绝缘体彼此隔开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池单池，其中，所述蓄电池单池(10)是锂离子蓄电池单池。
4.一种蓄电池模块，具有多个根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蓄电池单池(10)，多个蓄电池单池构成蓄电池单池堆叠。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蓄电池模块，其中，所述多个蓄电池单池(10)之间设置用于优化接触的介质。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的蓄电池模块，其中，在所述蓄电池单池堆叠的两个端部上、分别在最后的蓄电池单池(10)上设置转接件，所述转接件具有用于与至少另一个蓄电池模块连接的触点。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的蓄电池模块，其中，至少一个电触点和/或至少一个温度传感器安装在所述壳体(11)的平面的部分上，所述部分通过两个相邻的蓄电池单池(10)进行封装。
8.一种机动车，具有用于驱动所述机动车的电驱动电机和与所述电驱动电机已连接或能够连接的蓄电池系统，所述蓄电池系统具有多个根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蓄电池单池(10)或多个根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的蓄电池模块。
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