CN105612365A - 用于盘式制动器的制动钳 - Google Patents

用于盘式制动器的制动钳 Download PDF

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CN105612365A
CN105612365A CN201480055862.2A CN201480055862A CN105612365A CN 105612365 A CN105612365 A CN 105612365A CN 201480055862 A CN201480055862 A CN 201480055862A CN 105612365 A CN105612365 A CN 105612365A
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caliper
finished product
semi
housing
base plate
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CN105612365B (zh
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J·埃伯特
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D65/005Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
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    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
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    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
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    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
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Abstract

一种用于盘式制动器的制动钳(1),所述制动钳具有钳框架(2),所述钳框架对此设计为搭接制动盘的边缘,并且具有用于接收挤压机构的罩壳,所述挤压机构用于挤压盘式制动器,其中,所述罩壳具有底板(15)、中间板(7)、连接所述底板(15)和中间板(7)的壳体外罩(12’)以及壳体罩盖(12),并且,所述钳框架(2)由板材切割并且成型制成,并且,所述壳体罩盖(12)与所述钳框架(2)一体式地构造。

Description

用于盘式制动器的制动钳
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的制动钳。
背景技术
用于盘式制动器的这种制动钳通常通过原型工艺(Urformverfahren)一体式地制造,优选地以砂型铸造工艺制造,其中,优选地使用具有球墨的铸铁或者说球墨铸铁作为材料。如此形成的铸造坯件接着以切削的方式精加工,使得产生可装配的制动钳。这种根据现有技术由球墨铸铁制成的一体式制动钳基本上已被验证,但具有一些缺点,所述缺点特别在重型商用车的应用领域产生负面影响。
特别是由于用于熔化铸造材料、除砂、铸造工艺后有目的的冷却、清理原铸件的高消耗而产生的铸造工艺的高工艺成本是不利的,所述高工艺成本仅仅与少的件数相关。
通过“失模铸造(GieβenmitverlorenerForm)”的制造工艺由于原理产生的缺点在于不可避免需要的铸模,使得由于铸造的制动钳的成本结构产生一个临界件数,从所述临界件数起,铸造的制动钳才在经济上是可制造的。此外,由于通道系统产生成本,所述通道系统尽管又被熔化,但也必需付出成本。
此外,由于借助型砂持久地加载铸模,使铸模遭受磨蚀损耗,使得在一确定数量的成型过程之后必需用新的铸模来替换。由此进一步加重铸造的制动钳的成本结构。
此外,铸造的制动钳要求由制造原理导致的最小壁厚度,以便可工艺可靠地铸造。这在小负荷区域特别地导致:在强度方面,材料不被完全充分利用,使得由此产生成本缺点和重量缺点。
此外,还需要切削加工工艺,用于从铸造坯件生产出可安装的制动钳。
因此存在提供一种特别用于车辆制动器的制动钳的必要性,所述车辆制动器特别是商用车制动器,所述制动钳至少部分地克服上述缺点。
由EP0108680A1已知一种制动钳,所述制动钳由两个成型的构件组装而成。在此,制动钳上部构件和下部构件分别具有中心开口。对此上部构件和下部构件分别由板材或者带材这样制造,使得所述两个构件分别具有中心半柱体。多个较小的半柱体各自与中心半柱体间隔开地分别成型到上部构件和下部构件中。通过接合这两个构件,成型的半柱体各自成为全柱体,并且可接收其他的构件,例如在该情况下液压作用的挤压致动器或者说用于引导钳在轴向方向上相对于制动盘的运动的引导销。
根据EP0108680A1的实施方案的缺点是,特别用于引导元件的、制成的接收部缺乏精确度。
此外,由于基本结构构件的所选择的构造方式,具有高机械负荷的区段不适合负载地或者仅仅不足以适合负荷地构造。因此在EP0108680A1中所选择的构造方式特别对于在商用车领域的应用而言仅仅是受限的或者说完全不可用的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于:提供一种用于制造制动钳的方法,以及提供一种制动钳,所述制动钳避免了上述缺点,并且能成本有利地、工艺可靠地并因此经济地制造。
本发明通过如下方式实现所述目的:罩壳具有底板、中间板、连接底板和中间板的壳体外罩以及壳体罩盖,并且,钳框架由板材切割并且成型制成,并且,壳体罩盖与支架框架一体式地构造。
因此通过本发明提供一种制动钳,所述制动钳具有由分离工艺或者说分离和成型工艺或者说由分离和接合工艺制成的构件,其中,一体式的钳框架冲制出壳体上部,所述壳体上部是盘式制动器的挤压机构的罩壳的部分。
特别优选地由多个要么通过分离工艺要么通过分离工艺和成型工艺的组合制成的构件接合而成的制动钳的优点是实现:可在壁厚度以及材料选择方面适合负载地来设计具有更高负载或者说具有较低负载的区域,使得优化地利用每个构件的材料。这例如通过使用拼焊坯作为下料来实现。通过材料选择的灵活性,在接合的制动钳的重量平衡和成本结构中获得显著的优势。
由于在材料选择方面的灵活性,也可原则上选择具有更高强度和屈服极限的材料,从而能进一步优化成本结构以及特别是制动钳的重量。其中,特别是低重量——除了优化的成本结构之外——在车辆领域是占主导的研发目标,因为可实现用于整个车辆的更高的有效载荷。
由于制动钳的由成型构件制成的构型,与由球墨铸铁制成的相应制动钳相比较,获得了更多数目的可考虑的供应商。
由于取消成本高的铸模获得了用于根据本发明的制动钳的进一步的实质性成本优点。在根据本发明的制动钳的情况下,由于构造方式——至少部分地——也取消了坯件的切削再加工,从而获得了进一步的成本优点。
此外,在根据本发明的制动钳的情况下也取消了坯件的切削再加工,从而获得了进一步的成本优点。根据本发明的制动钳的其他有利的实施方式在从属权利要求中给出。
附图说明
本发明的制动钳的实施例在附图中示出并且在下面更详细地说明。
附图示出了:
图1:根据本发明的制动钳的实施变型的立体视图;
图2:根据本发明的制动钳的实施变型的钳框架的立体视图;
图3:用于根据本发明的制动钳的实施变型的挤压机构的壳体的立体视图;
图4:根据本发明的制动钳的实施变型的中间板的立体视图。
图5:根据本发明的制动钳的实施变型的、具有支承架的底板的立体视图。
具体实施方式
下面说明了滑动钳盘式制动器的制动钳1。其仅仅示例性地用于理解。因此根据本发明的制动钳1也可用于固定钳盘式制动器或者用于浮式钳盘式制动器,其中,制动钳1的、制动特定的实施特性相应地适配于盘式制动器的相应构造方式。
图1立体地示出滑动钳盘式制动器的、根据本发明的制动钳1。制动钳1具有弓形的钳框架2。在制动钳1的装配好的状态中,钳框架2越过制动盘(未示出)。钳框架2具有两个基本上互相平行并且平行于制动盘轴线的拉紧杆3、4。此外,钳框架2具有钳背部5。钳框架2由扁平材料下料(Flachmaterialzuschnitt)制成,所述扁平材料下料成型为钳框架2。
钳框架在中间板7的背离钳框架的那侧上构造有壳体上部区段12,所述壳体上部区段与壳体外罩12’共同在盘式制动器的装配好的状态中接收盘式制动器的挤压机构。钳框架2的拉紧杆3、4越过中间板7并且抵靠到底板15上。钳框架2还形成壳体罩盖12,所述壳体罩盖与壳体外罩12’共同在盘式制动器的装配好的状态中接收盘式制动器的挤压机构。壳体罩盖12具有基本上跟随中间板7的基本几何形状的横截面。在中间板7的背离钳框架的那侧上,壳体罩盖12部分地抵靠到中间板7上,并且通过接合工艺、优选地通过材料锁合的接合工艺、尤其优选地通过激光焊接被固定在所述中间板上。
钳框架2在壳体罩盖12的区域中具有圆顶状的壳体区段25。中间板7以及底板15分别通过接合工艺、优选地通过材料锁合的接合工艺、尤其优选地通过激光焊接固定在钳框架2上。
中间板7具有两个钻孔8、9。此外,中间板7具有对称的穿口,所述穿口通过分别在中央开口10和两个相对于对称轴线对称设置的钻孔11、11’之间的连接实现。这两个钻孔11、11’在盘式制动器的装配好的状态中接收挤压机构的压力元件,同时开口10接收挤压机构的其他功能元件,例如用于磨损补偿的制动衬片的补偿调节系统。在中间板7的背离钳框架的那侧上,壳体罩盖12也包围钻孔8、9的想象的柱形延长部的区域。中间板7由扁平材料下料制成。中间板7也在图4中示出。
在壳体罩盖12的背离中间板的那侧上,钳框架2的壳体罩盖12抵靠到底板15上,并且通过接合工艺、优选地通过材料锁合的接合工艺、尤其优选地通过激光焊接被固定在底板15上。底板15具有处在底板15的对称线上的钻孔16,所述钻孔在盘式制动器的装配好的状态中被制动缸的活塞杆或者操纵杆穿过。此外,底板15具有两个钻孔17、18,所述两个钻孔相对于对称线对称地设置。此外,底板15具有多个具有相对小直径的钻孔19。
在图2中,可清楚辨认地示出钳框架2。钳框架2是一体式的、对称的构件。钳背部5具有基本上圆环段状的基本几何结构。所述基本几何结构在制动盘窗37的区域中垂直地衔接到钳框架2的拱形的几何结构上,并且通过一个成型过程或者多个成型过程来产生。这两个拉紧杆3、4的几何结构跟随中间板7的、圆环段状的基本几何形状。就此而言,两个拉紧杆3、4以及壳体罩盖12具有弯曲部“K”。与没有弯曲部“K”的实施方式相比,通过拉紧杆3、4的所述弯曲部以有利的方式提高了其弯曲刚度。此外,钳框架2分别具有缺口38、39。通过缺口38、39实现至壳体外罩12’的可接近性,使得壳体外罩12’与具有壳体罩盖12的钳框架2能够连接成一个壳体。钳框架2优选地通过对扁平材料下料进行深冲或者成型冲压而制成。通过成型工艺可在钳框架2中产生冷作硬化,所述冷作硬化能产生提高强度的效果。
在图3中示出了具有壳体罩盖12的钳框架2。钳框架2的壳体罩盖12以及壳体外罩12’构成了罩壳,所述罩壳接收盘式制动器的挤压机构,并且分别在端面侧被底板15以及被中间板7(在此都未示出)封闭。
圆顶状的壳体区段25容纳制动缸的活塞杆以及盘式制动器的挤压机构的杠杆臂(都未示出),并且遵循盘式制动器的挤压机构的杠杆臂的摆动范围。
在图5中示出了底板15。底板15是基本上对称的构件并且具有基板33以及两个支承架34、35。具有钻孔41的板区段40不是对称的,所述钻孔属于导向元件的固定支承件(未示出)。
支承架34、35分别是分体式的支承壳体的部分,并且接收杠杆的或者轴的支承件,所述杠杆作用到所述支承件上(都未示出)。轴和/或杠杆分别是盘式制动器的挤压机构的部分。支承架34、35分别具有支承座36用于接收支承件。支承座36分别半柱状地加工到支承架34、35中。支承架34、35通过接合工艺、优选地通过材料锁合的接合工艺、尤其优选地通过激光焊接固定在基板33上。支承架34、35由能利于焊接的材料、例如钢通过切削加工工艺制成。替代地,支承架34、35也可通过成型工艺、例如铸造制成。在这种情况下,可考虑例如铸钢或者可焊接的白心可锻铸铁作为材料。
用于钳框架2、中间板7、壳体12或者说壳体外罩12’、和底板15或者说基板33的相应下料——假如设定了免刀具制造——通过合适的分离工艺,例如激光切割、等离子切割或者火焰切割或者冲压或者通过其组合来制造。所有标准商用的板材半成品,例如护板(Tafeln)、面板(Platinen)、卷材、带材或者拼焊坯(TailoredBlank)都可作为半成品来使用。
对于各自的下料而言,使用钢作为材料,优选使用可焊接性好的钢种。对于各自的下料而言假如设定了工具相关的制造,则各自的下料优选地以连续切割工具(Folgeschneidwerkzeug)来制造。
在一个连续工具中按需要的量来制造整个钳框架2或者说整个壳体12或者说壳体外罩12’也可以是经济的,其中,各自的下料包括成型过程在一个工具中实现,使得每个冲压行程从工具中落下一个钳框架2或者说壳体外罩12’。
壳体外罩12’也可替代地通过滚轧成型工艺来制造。在该情况下,相应的型材通过卷材或者带材或者拼焊坯的滚轧成型制成,并且紧接着切到壳体外罩12’的要求的长度。
在各自下料的或者说钳框架2的或者说壳体外罩12’的工具相关的制造的情况下,优选地使用护板、面板、卷材或者带带或者拼焊坯作为半成品,其中,分别设置钢、优选地可焊接性好的钢种作为材料。
通过选择有利的焊接工艺、尤其优选地选择激光焊接,能使焊接变形限制到最小,使得用于抵抗焊接应力或者说用于消除焊接应力的一般措施(例如接合构件的预设焊缝或者去应力退火)是不必需的。这对根据本发明的制动钳1的成本结构同样有积极影响。
因此根据本发明的制动钳1以如下方式构成:其中,在第一方法步骤中提供一个或者多个扁平材料半成品。
在另一方法步骤中,中间板7由扁平材料半成品切出。
在一个随后的方法步骤中,基板33由扁平材料半成品切出,并且与至少一个支承架33、34接合成底板15。
在一个接着的方法步骤中,壳体外罩12’的下料由扁平材料半成品切出,并且成型为壳体外罩(12’)。
在另一方法步骤中,钳框架2的下料由扁平材料半成品切出,并且成型为钳框架2。
在一个最后的方法步骤中,中间板7、底板15、壳体外罩12’一集钳框架2接合成制动钳1。
替代地,壳体外罩12’由扁平材料半成品通过滚轧成型工艺成型,并且接着裁切成壳体外罩12’。
附图标记列表
1制动钳
2钳框架
3拉紧杆
4拉紧杆
5钳背部
7中间板
8钻孔
9钻孔
10钻孔
11钻孔
12壳体罩盖
12’壳体外罩
15底板
16钻孔
17钻孔
18钻孔
19钻孔
33基板
34支承架
35支承架
36支承座
37制动盘窗
38缺口
39缺口
40板区段
41钻孔

Claims (19)

1.用于盘式制动器的制动钳(1),所述制动钳具有钳框架(2),所述钳框架设计用于越过制动盘的边缘,并且所述钳框架具有罩壳用于接收挤压机构,所述挤压机构用于挤压所述盘式制动器,其特征在于,
a)所述罩壳具有底板(15)、中间板(7)、连接所述底板(15)和所述中间板(7)的壳体外罩(12’)以及壳体罩盖(12),
b)所述钳框架(2)由板材切割并且成型制成,并且,所述壳体罩盖(12)与所述钳框架(2)一体式地构造。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述底板(15)、所述中间板(7)和所述壳体外罩(12’)以及所述钳框架(2)连同壳体罩盖(12)分别构型为分立的部件,所述分立的部件通过接合工艺互相接合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述中间板(7)被所述钳框架(2)的至少一个拉紧杆(3、4)跨过。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述中间板(7)由扁平材料半成品裁切制成。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,具有至少一个拉紧杆(3、4)以及具有所述壳体罩盖(12)和圆顶状的壳体区段(25)的所述钳框架(2)由扁平材料半成品裁切并且接着被成型。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述底板(15)的基板(33)由扁平材料半成品裁切制成。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述基板(33)与一个支承架(33、34)或者多个支承架(34、35)接合成所述底板(15)。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述壳体外罩(12’)由扁平材料半成品裁切并且接着被成型。
9.根据权利要求1至7所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述壳体外罩(12’)由扁平材料半成品通过滚轧成型工艺成型并且接着被裁切。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述扁平材料半成品是钢半成品。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述钢半成品是卷材或者带材或者护板或者面板或者拼焊坯。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述支承架(34、35)相应地由钢半成品制成。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述支承架(34、35)相应地由铸钢材料制成。
14.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述基板(33)与一个支承架(33、34)或者与多个支承架(34、35)相应地通过材料锁合的接合工艺接合在一起成为所述底板(15),或者说,所述中间板(7)、所述底板(15)、所述壳体外罩(12’)以及所述钳框架(2)相应地通过材料锁合的接合工艺接合在一起成为所述制动钳(1)。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述材料锁合的接合工艺是焊接工艺。
16.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的制动钳(1),其特征在于,所述焊接工艺是激光焊接工艺。
17.用于制造根据权利要求1至16所述的制动钳(1)的方法,其特征在于以下方法步骤:
a)提供一个或者多个扁平材料半成品,
b)由一个扁平材料半成品切割出所述中间板(7),
c)由一个扁平材料半成品切割出所述基板(33),并且使所述基板与所述至少一个支承架(33、34)接合成为所述底板(15),
d)由一个扁平材料半成品切割出所述壳体外罩(12’)的下料并且使该下料成型为所述壳体外罩(12’),
e)由一个扁平材料半成品切割出所述钳框架(2)的下料并且使该下料成型为所述钳框架(2),
f)使所述中间板(7)、所述底板(15)、所述壳体外罩(12’)以及所述钳框架(2)接合成为所述制动钳(1)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤d)中所述壳体外罩(12’)由扁平材料半成品通过滚轧成型工艺来成型并且接着被裁切。
19.盘式制动器,其具有根据权利要求1到18所述的制动钳(1)。
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US10907695B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2021-02-02 Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh Brake caliper of a disc brake

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EP3055584A1 (de) 2016-08-17
WO2015052306A1 (de) 2015-04-16
CN105612365B (zh) 2017-12-01
BR112016007594A2 (pt) 2017-08-01
DE102013111258A1 (de) 2015-04-30
WO2015052305A3 (de) 2015-06-18
EP3055584B1 (de) 2018-12-12
US20160223037A1 (en) 2016-08-04

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