CN105595062B - Feed for juvenile cynoglossus semilaevis and preparation method and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for juvenile cynoglossus semilaevis and preparation method and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105595062B CN105595062B CN201610019703.8A CN201610019703A CN105595062B CN 105595062 B CN105595062 B CN 105595062B CN 201610019703 A CN201610019703 A CN 201610019703A CN 105595062 B CN105595062 B CN 105595062B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, a preparation method of the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, and a feeding method of the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish. The invention relates to a cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish feed which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28-36 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9-18 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 9-15 parts of artemia powder, 6-12 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of clam worm powder, 6-10 parts of squid powder, 8-12 parts of water rice hulls, 4-8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 4-6 parts of water hyacinth, 3-6 parts of grape seeds, 2-4 parts of purslane, 2-5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2-4 parts of almond powder, 1-2 parts of cicada slough, 3-5 parts of lophatherum gracile and the like. The feed has high conversion rate, and the specific growth rate of the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish after the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish likes to eat and feed the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, a preparation method of the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, and a feeding method of the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish.
Background
Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynogossus semilaevis) belongs to the family of butterfly, the family of Cynoglossus semilaevis, the genus of press-down, commonly known as "Dragon ", ox tongue, order of sole, sole plate, fine scale and sole rice, is a large-scale fish with warm-temperature offshore basement, lives in the offshore area of China throughout the year, has the characteristics of wide temperature, wide salt and adaptability to various environmental conditions, and has the suitable temperature range of 3.5-32 ℃, the optimum water temperature of 14-24 ℃ and the suitable salt range of 14-33 permillage. The hemiglossus semilaevis is a special species in China and mainly distributed in yellow Bohai sea in China, is known as "noble fish" due to large individual, rapid growth and delicious meat taste, is loved by consumers, has little sea capture yield and high market price due to lack of natural resources, and has obvious superiority compared with other fishes in the aspects of meat quality, taste, nutrition, meat yield, price and the like.
However, the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis young fishes in the current market is simple in components, deficient in nutrition and bad in taste, the cynoglossus semilaevis young fishes are not like to eat, are low in food consumption and slow in growth, and the breeding income of the cynoglossus semilaevis young fishes is greatly reduced; in addition, the existing compound feed for the young cynoglossus semilaevis has the disadvantages of high feed coefficient, low feed conversion rate, low feed digestion utilization rate and high content of N and P excrement, and seriously causes waste of words and materials and water quality pollution. Therefore, the development of a feed which has excellent quality and high feed conversion rate and is liked to be taken by the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish becomes the primary important task of the current breeders. In addition, commercial feed used for the industrial cultivation of the cynoglossus semilaevis at present is generally high in protein content and cost, and the situation of excessive feeding often occurs in the cultivation process, so that waste is generated, and water quality pollution is caused. Therefore, a reasonable feeding mode is found to improve the feed conversion rate and obtain better breeding benefits, and the problem to be solved in the current cynoglossus semilaevis breeding industry is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish according to the energy metabolism mode and the nutritional requirements of the cynoglossus semilaevis, the feed conversion rate is high, and the specific growth rate of the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish after the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish likes to eat and feed the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 28-36 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9-18 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 9-15 parts of artemia powder, 6-12 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of clam worm powder, 6-10 parts of squid powder, 8-12 parts of rice hulls, 4-8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 4-6 parts of water hyacinth, 3-6 parts of grape seeds, 2-4 parts of purslane, 2-5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2-4 parts of almond powder, 1-2 parts of cicada slough, 3-5 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2-3 parts of yeast powder, 1-2 parts of shell powder, 1-3 parts of hawthorn powder, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of winter honey and 2-3 parts of xanthan gum.
Preferably, the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 34 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 14 parts of antarctic krill powder, 14 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 12 parts of artemia salina powder, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of clam worm powder, 8 parts of squid powder, 10 parts of rice hulls, 6 parts of enteromorpha powder, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 5 parts of grape seeds, 3 parts of purslane, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of almond powder, 2 parts of periostracum cicada, 4 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of shell powder, 2 parts of hawthorn powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 2 parts of xanthan gum.
Preferably, the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 32 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of antarctic krill powder, 14 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 12 parts of artemia salina powder, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of clam worm powder, 8 parts of squid powder, 10 parts of rice hull, 6 parts of enteromorpha powder, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 4 parts of grape seed, 3 parts of purslane, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of almond powder, 1 part of cicada slough, 5 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of shell powder, 2 parts of hawthorn powder, 3 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 3 parts of xanthan gum.
In the invention, the proportion of the fish meal and the amino acid required by the aquatic animals is the closest, and the addition of the fish meal can ensure the quick and healthy growth of the aquatic animals; the bean pulp contains various proteins, and has high protein content, and in addition, because the bean pulp has high yield and low price, the addition of a proper amount of the bean pulp in the aquatic animal feed can reduce the using amount of fish meal, thereby reducing the production cost of the compound feed; the antarctic krill powder has outstanding protein content, is rich in calcium and phosphorus and rich in astaxanthin of the antarctic krill, and is delicious in taste; undaria pinnatifida contains abundant proteins, vitamins and minerals, and also contains a plurality of active ingredients with unique physiological functions, such as alginic acid, mannitol, fucoxanthin, fucoidan, organic iodine, sterol compounds, dietary fibers and the like; the artemia contains rich protein, complete amino acid composition and high crude fat content, wherein unsaturated fatty acid is higher than saturated fatty acid, and the artemia is one of important feeds for fishes and shrimps; the crude protein content of the rapeseed meal is about 36 percent, the amino acid composition is relatively balanced, the sulfur-containing amino acid content is high, the methionine and lysine content is higher, but lower than that of the soybean meal, the arginine content is low, the price of the rapeseed meal is lower than that of the fish meal, and the amount of the fish meal can be reduced by adding a proper amount of the rapeseed meal into the aquatic animal feed, so that the production cost of the compound feed is reduced; the clamworm meat is delicious and rich in nutrition, and most fishes like to eat; the squid powder has high nutritive value, is rich in various nutritional ingredients such as protein, calcium, taurine, phosphorus, vitamin B1 and the like, has extremely high content, and has low price, and the proper amount of the squid powder can reduce the cost of compound feed; the rice hulls are rich in crude fiber and various trace elements; the enteromorpha powder has complete amino acid types and higher essential amino acid content, and also contains fatty acid, vitamins and various mineral substances, wherein the iron content is the most important food in China; fresh grass of water hyacinth contains 0.24% of nitrogen, 0.07% of phosphoric acid, 0.11% of potassium oxide, 1.2% of crude protein, 0.2% of crude fat, 1.1% of crude fiber, 2.3% of nitrogen-free extract and 1.3% of ash; the grape seeds contain rich various amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and have health promoting and skin caring effects; the purslane can sterilize and diminish inflammation, and also contains rich SL3 fatty acid and vitamin A-like substances; the herba Houttuyniae has antibacterial, antiviral, and immunity enhancing effects; the almond powder contains protein, trace elements and vitamins such as iron, zinc, vitamin E and the like; periostracum Cicadae can improve immunity; the lophatherum gracile can resist bacteria and kill insects, and can also provide saccharides, amino acids and microelements such as manganese, zinc, selenium and the like for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish; the yeast powder is rich in various trace elements, is a natural flavoring agent with high nutritive value, and can promote digestion and absorption; the shell powder can provide calcium source and trace elements for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish; the hawthorn can invigorate spleen, stimulate appetite, promote digestion, remove food stagnation and improve appetite; the fish oil not only can provide energy for the young cynoglossus semilaevis, but also has the feeding attraction effect; the winter honey can improve the immunity of the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish, provide energy for the cynoglossus semilaevis young fish, and can blend the mouthfeel of the feed; the xanthan gum is added, so that the stability of the feed in water can be improved, and the pollution of the feed to the water environment is reduced. According to the invention, fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia salina powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hull, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, periostracum cicada, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder, hawthorn powder, fish oil and winter honey are mixed in a proper ratio to prepare the feed for the young cynoglossus semilaevis, so that the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, the use amount of the fish meal is reduced, and the production cost of the feed is further reduced; in the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, the fish meal, the antarctic krill powder, the artemia powder and the clamworm powder are delicious in taste, the hawthorn powder can promote digestion and absorption, the winter honey can regulate the feed taste, the fish oil can supplement energy for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish and has a food calling effect, and the fish meal, the antarctic krill powder, the artemia powder, the clamworm powder, the winter honey and the fish oil have a synergistic food calling effect, can stimulate taste buds of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish and induce the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish to eat the feed added with the feed.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hulls, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, cicada slough, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder and hawthorn powder by using a crusher, and then respectively sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the squid powder, the rice hull, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, weighing purified water with the mass 1-1.2 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the purified water to obtain a mixture;
(3) weighing the lophatherum gracile obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing the lophatherum gracile with purified water according to the weight ratio of 1:30, boiling for 5-10 minutes, standing and cooling to obtain a lophatherum gracile water extract;
(4) weighing the yeast powder obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing with the lophatherum gracile water extract obtained in the step (3), then uniformly mixing with the mixture obtained in the step (2), putting into a glass container, sealing the glass container, and putting the glass container into a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ for fermenting in a dark place for 42-56 hours;
(5) drying the fermented mixture obtained in the step (4) in an oven at 60 ℃, crushing the dried mixture by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve;
(6) weighing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder and the hawthorn powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, weighing the fish oil, the winter honey and the xanthan gum according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder, the hawthorn powder, the fish oil, the winter honey, the xanthan gum and the powder obtained in the step (5), granulating by using a granulator, drying, cooling and subpackaging to obtain the target.
Further, in the preparation method, the mass of the purified water in the step (2) is 1.1 times of the total mass of the mixed powder.
Further, in the preparation method, the glass container in the step (4) is fermented for 48 hours in a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ in the dark.
In the preparation method, the yeast powder prepared by soaking the lophatherum gracile in the water extract is used for fermenting the mixture of the squid powder, the rice hulls, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, the improvement of the feed taste is facilitated, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and more comprehensive and balanced nutrition is provided for young cynoglossus semilaevis. In addition, the xanthan gum is added, so that the stability of the feed in water is improved, and the pollution of the feed to the water environment is reduced.
The targeted feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis larva is developed on the basis of fully researching the digestion system structure and unique ingestion and nutrition physiology of the cynoglossus semilaevis larva, has balanced and comprehensive nutrition, can meet the growth requirement of the cynoglossus semilaevis larva, has good taste and has the food calling effect on the cynoglossus semilaevis larva. The experiment result shows that the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish likes to eat the feed of the invention, and the specific growth rate of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish fed with the feed of the invention is higher than that of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish fed with the existing feed, and the feed conversion rate is high.
The invention also provides a feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, which comprises the following steps: and (3) continuously feeding the young cynoglossus semilaevis for 22 days after the young cynoglossus semilaevis is starved for 2 days, and circularly feeding according to the above steps.
According to the feeding method of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile feed, the compensation growth potential of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile is continuously excited by using intermittent starvation stress, on the premise that the starvation strength does not influence the normal physiological state of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile, the feeding frequency is reduced, the pollution to the aquaculture water environment is reduced, the growth of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile is promoted, and the feed conversion efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia salina powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hull, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, periostracum cicada, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder, hawthorn powder, fish oil and winter honey are mixed in a proper ratio to prepare the feed for the young cynoglossus semilaevis, so that the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, the use amount of the fish meal is reduced, and the production cost of the feed is further reduced; in the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish, the fish meal, the antarctic krill powder, the artemia powder and the clamworm powder are delicious in taste, the hawthorn powder can promote digestion and absorption, the winter honey can regulate the feed taste, the fish oil can supplement energy for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish and has a food calling effect, and the fish meal, the antarctic krill powder, the artemia powder, the clamworm powder, the winter honey and the fish oil have a synergistic food calling effect, can stimulate taste buds of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish and induce the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish to eat the feed added with the feed.
(2) In the preparation method, the yeast powder prepared by soaking the lophatherum gracile in the water extract is used for fermenting the mixture of the squid powder, the rice hulls, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, the improvement of the feed taste is facilitated, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and more comprehensive and balanced nutrition is provided for young cynoglossus semilaevis. In addition, the xanthan gum is added, so that the stability of the feed in water is improved, and the pollution of the feed to the water environment is reduced.
(3) The targeted feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis larva is developed on the basis of fully researching the digestion system structure and unique ingestion and nutrition physiology of the cynoglossus semilaevis larva, has balanced and comprehensive nutrition, can meet the growth requirement of the cynoglossus semilaevis larva, has good taste and has the food calling effect on the cynoglossus semilaevis larva. The experiment result shows that the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish likes to eat the feed of the invention, and the specific growth rate of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish fed with the feed of the invention is higher than that of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish fed with the existing feed, and the feed conversion rate is high.
(4) According to the feeding method of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile feed, the compensation growth potential of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile is continuously excited by using intermittent starvation stress, on the premise that the starvation strength does not influence the normal physiological state of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile, the feeding frequency is reduced, the pollution to the aquaculture water environment is reduced, the growth of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile is promoted, and the feed conversion efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 9 parts of artemia salina powder, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of clam worm powder, 6 parts of squid powder, 8 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 6 parts of water hyacinth, 3 parts of grape seed, 2 parts of purslane, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of almond powder, 2 parts of cicada slough, 3 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of shell powder, 1 part of hawthorn powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 2 parts of xanthan gum.
The preparation method of the compound feed for cynoglossus semilaevis comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hulls, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, cicada slough, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder and hawthorn powder by using a crusher, and then respectively sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the squid powder, the rice hull, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, weighing purified water with the mass being 1 time of the total mass of the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the purified water to obtain a mixture;
(3) weighing the lophatherum gracile obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing the lophatherum gracile with purified water according to the weight ratio of 1:30, boiling for 5-10 minutes, standing and cooling to obtain a lophatherum gracile water extract;
(4) weighing the yeast powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, mixing with the lophatherum gracile water extract obtained in the step (3), then uniformly mixing with the mixture obtained in the step (2), putting into a glass container, sealing the glass container, and putting the glass container into a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ to ferment in the dark for 42 hours;
(5) drying the fermented mixture obtained in the step (4) in an oven at 60 ℃, crushing the dried mixture by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve;
(6) weighing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder and the hawthorn powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, weighing the fish oil, the winter honey and the xanthan gum according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder, the hawthorn powder, the fish oil, the winter honey, the xanthan gum and the powder obtained in the step (5), granulating by using a granulator, drying, cooling and subpackaging to obtain the target.
A feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following steps: and continuously feeding the feed for the young cynoglossus semilaevis for 22 days after the young cynoglossus semilaevis is starved for 2 days, and circularly feeding according to the above steps.
Example 2
The feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following components in parts by mass: 36 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of antarctic krill powder, 18 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 12 parts of artemia salina powder, 6 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of clam worm powder, 10 parts of squid powder, 12 parts of rice hull, 4 parts of enteromorpha powder, 4 parts of water hyacinth, 6 parts of grape seed, 4 parts of purslane, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of almond powder, 1 part of cicada slough, 5 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of shell powder, 2 parts of hawthorn powder, 3 parts of fish oil, 1 part of winter honey and 3 parts of xanthan gum.
The preparation method of the compound feed for cynoglossus semilaevis comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hulls, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, cicada slough, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder and hawthorn powder by using a crusher, and then respectively sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the squid powder, the rice hull, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, weighing purified water with the mass being 1.2 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the purified water to obtain a mixture;
(3) weighing the lophatherum gracile obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing the lophatherum gracile with purified water according to the weight ratio of 1:30, boiling for 5-10 minutes, standing and cooling to obtain a lophatherum gracile water extract;
(4) weighing the yeast powder obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing with the lophatherum gracile water extract obtained in the step (3), then uniformly mixing with the mixture obtained in the step (2), putting into a glass container, sealing the glass container, and putting the glass container into a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ for fermenting in a dark place for 56 hours;
(5) drying the fermented mixture obtained in the step (4) in an oven at 60 ℃, crushing the dried mixture by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve;
(6) weighing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder and the hawthorn powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, weighing the fish oil, the winter honey and the xanthan gum according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder, the hawthorn powder, the fish oil, the winter honey, the xanthan gum and the powder obtained in the step (5), granulating by using a granulator, drying, cooling and subpackaging to obtain the target.
The feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of antarctic krill powder, 12 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 15 parts of artemia salina powder, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of clam worm powder, 10 parts of squid powder, 8 parts of rice hulls, 4 parts of enteromorpha powder, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 3 parts of grape seeds, 2 parts of purslane, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2 parts of almond powder, 2 parts of periostracum cicada, 3 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 3 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of winter honey and 2 parts of xanthan gum.
The preparation method of the compound feed for cynoglossus semilaevis comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hulls, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, cicada slough, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder and hawthorn powder by using a crusher, and then respectively sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the squid powder, the rice hull, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, weighing purified water with the mass being 1.1 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the purified water to obtain a mixture;
(3) weighing the lophatherum gracile obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing the lophatherum gracile with purified water according to the weight ratio of 1:30, boiling for 5-10 minutes, standing and cooling to obtain a lophatherum gracile water extract;
(4) weighing the yeast powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, mixing with the lophatherum gracile water extract obtained in the step (3), then uniformly mixing with the mixture obtained in the step (2), putting into a glass container, sealing the glass container, and putting the glass container into a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ to ferment in the dark for 48 hours;
(5) drying the fermented mixture obtained in the step (4) in an oven at 60 ℃, crushing the dried mixture by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve;
(6) weighing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder and the hawthorn powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, weighing the fish oil, the winter honey and the xanthan gum according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder, the hawthorn powder, the fish oil, the winter honey, the xanthan gum and the powder obtained in the step (5), granulating by using a granulator, drying, cooling and subpackaging to obtain the target.
The feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
The feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following components in parts by mass: 34 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 14 parts of antarctic krill powder, 14 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 12 parts of artemia salina powder, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of clam worm powder, 8 parts of squid powder, 10 parts of rice hulls, 6 parts of enteromorpha powder, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 5 parts of grape seeds, 3 parts of purslane, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of almond powder, 2 parts of periostracum cicada, 4 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of shell powder, 2 parts of hawthorn powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 2 parts of xanthan gum.
The preparation method of the cynoglossus semilaevis compound feed of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3.
The feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
The feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish comprises the following components in parts by mass: 32 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of antarctic krill powder, 14 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 12 parts of artemia salina powder, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of clam worm powder, 8 parts of squid powder, 10 parts of rice hull, 6 parts of enteromorpha powder, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 4 parts of grape seed, 3 parts of purslane, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of almond powder, 1 part of cicada slough, 5 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of shell powder, 2 parts of hawthorn powder, 3 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 3 parts of xanthan gum.
The preparation method of the cynoglossus semilaevis compound feed of the embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3.
The feeding method of the feed for the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative test
The breeding equipment is a recirculating aquaculture system, and the main equipment is 36 single glass aquariums with the volume of 55 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 35 cm. During the test, each aquarium ensures dissolved oxygen>6.20mg O2The salinity is 29-30, the pH value is 8.1, and ammoniacal nitrogen is adopted<0.19 mg/L. The illumination time was set to 14L: 10D, water temperature (21 +/-1) DEG C, and adjusting the room temperature by a double-system air conditioner. The water change amount is 100 percent of the total water amount every day.
The cynoglossus semilaevis used in the experiment is a fry of the same year, is taken from the limited liability company of the water production of Minbobo of Laizhou, and is temporarily cultured in the culture system for more than 7 days. Before the experiment, fish are starved for 24h and then randomly sampled and weighed, the initial weight is shown in table 1, no significant difference exists, and then 6 cynoglossus semilaevis are placed in each aquarium. The experiment is totally provided with 12 groups, each treatment is provided with 3 repetitions, and 6 cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fishes with similar specifications and healthy and disease-free are placed in each repetition. The feeding stage is 7: 00 and 19: 00 the feed of the invention of examples 1-5 or the commercial compound feed (Guangdong Yuetsu marine organism research and development Co., Ltd., Guangdong Kaifeng, determination of dry matter content 22.34%, crude protein content 45.03%, energy content 24.28kJ/g), the feed is fed in excess amount in the feeding stage, the residual bait feces are collected after 30min, and other control conditions are the same as the temporary culture conditions. The experimental period was 96 d.
Control group a was treated as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: and 00, feeding the commercial compound feed, wherein the excessive feeding is ensured in the feeding process of the feed.
Control a was treated as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: and 00, feeding commercial compound feed, and ensuring excessive feeding in the feeding stage. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
The treatment of experimental group a was as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the invention in example 1, wherein the feed feeding is ensured to be overfed.
The treatment of experimental group a was as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 1 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding in the feeding stage ensures the overfeeding. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
The treatment of experimental group B was as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 2 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding ensures the overfeeding.
The treatment of experimental group b was as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 2 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding in the feeding stage ensures the overfeeding. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
Treatment of experimental group C was as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 3 of the invention, wherein the overfeeding is ensured when the feed is fed.
The treatment of experimental group c was as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 3 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding in the feeding stage ensures the overfeeding. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
Treatment of experimental group D was as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 4 of the invention, wherein the overfeeding is ensured when the feed is fed.
The treatment of experimental group d was as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 4 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding in the feeding stage ensures the overfeeding. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
Treatment of experimental group E was as follows: 7, every day: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the invention in example 5, and the feed feeding ensures the overfeeding.
The treatment of experimental group e was as follows: and (3) recovering feeding for 22 days after 2 days of hunger, wherein the feeding stage is 7 days: 00 and 19: 00 feeding the feed of the embodiment 5 of the invention, wherein the feed feeding in the feeding stage ensures the overfeeding. This is cycled for 4 cycles.
Measurement indexes are as follows:
specific growth rate (ln final weight-ln initial weight)/time of experiment;
the feed conversion rate is 100 x (end weight-initial weight)/feed weight;
the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 weight, specific growth rate in wet weight and feed conversion ratio of cynoglossus semilaevis larvae of different treatment groups
In conclusion, the experimental results show that the feed conversion rate is high, the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish likes to eat the feed, and the specific growth rate of the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish after feeding the cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish is high. The feeding method of the feed for the young cynoglossus semilaevis provided by the invention utilizes intermittent starvation stress to continuously excite the compensation growth potential of the young cynoglossus semilaevis, so that the feeding frequency is reduced, the pollution to the aquaculture water environment is reduced, and the feed conversion efficiency is improved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish fodder which characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9 parts of undaria pinnatifida, 9 parts of artemia salina powder, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of clam worm powder, 6 parts of squid powder, 8 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 6 parts of water hyacinth, 3 parts of grape seed, 2 parts of purslane, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of almond powder, 2 parts of cicada slough, 3 parts of lophatherum gracile, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of shell powder, 1 part of hawthorn powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of winter honey and 2 parts of xanthan gum.
2. A method for preparing a feed for cynoglossus semilaevis juvenile fish according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing fish meal, bean pulp, antarctic krill powder, undaria pinnatifida, artemia powder, rapeseed meal, clam worm powder, squid powder, rice hulls, enteromorpha powder, water hyacinth, grape seeds, purslane, houttuynia cordata, almond powder, cicada slough, lophatherum gracile, yeast powder, shell powder and hawthorn powder by using a crusher, and then respectively sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the squid powder, the rice hull, the enteromorpha powder, the water hyacinth, the grape seeds, the purslane, the almond powder and the cicada slough obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, weighing purified water with the mass 1-1.2 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder and the purified water to obtain a mixture;
(3) weighing the lophatherum gracile obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing the lophatherum gracile with purified water according to the weight ratio of 1:30, boiling for 5-10 minutes, standing and cooling to obtain a lophatherum gracile water extract;
(4) weighing the yeast powder obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion, mixing with the lophatherum gracile water extract obtained in the step (3), then uniformly mixing with the mixture obtained in the step (2), putting into a glass container, sealing the glass container, and putting the glass container into a water bath kettle at 30 ℃ for fermenting in a dark place for 42-56 hours;
(5) drying the fermented mixture obtained in the step (4) in an oven at 60 ℃, crushing the dried mixture by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve;
(6) weighing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder and the hawthorn powder obtained in the step (1) according to a ratio, weighing the fish oil, the winter honey and the xanthan gum according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed fish meal, the bean pulp, the antarctic krill powder, the undaria pinnatifida, the artemia powder, the rapeseed meal, the clam worm powder, the houttuynia cordata, the shell powder, the hawthorn powder, the fish oil, the winter honey, the xanthan gum and the powder obtained in the step (5), granulating by using a granulator, drying, cooling and subpackaging to obtain the target.
3. The method for preparing the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis larva according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass of the purified water in the step (2) is 1.1 times of the total mass of the mixed powder.
4. The method for preparing the feed for cynoglossus semilaevis larva according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) fermenting the glass container in the step (4) for 48 hours in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 30 ℃ in a dark place.
5. A feeding method of cynoglossus semilaevis larva feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) continuously feeding the young cynoglossus semilaevis for 22 days after the young cynoglossus semilaevis is starved for 2 days, and circularly feeding according to the above steps.
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| CN104222676A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江海洋学院 | Special-purpose feed for juvenile fishes of Matsue perches, and preparation method thereof |
| CN104872382A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-02 | 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 | Mixed feed special for cynoglossus semilaevis larvae and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104222676A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江海洋学院 | Special-purpose feed for juvenile fishes of Matsue perches, and preparation method thereof |
| CN104872382A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-02 | 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 | Mixed feed special for cynoglossus semilaevis larvae and preparation method thereof |
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