CN105571415A - Precise control method for smooth surface blasting of fractured rock mass of highway tunnel - Google Patents
Precise control method for smooth surface blasting of fractured rock mass of highway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105571415A CN105571415A CN201511008396.5A CN201511008396A CN105571415A CN 105571415 A CN105571415 A CN 105571415A CN 201511008396 A CN201511008396 A CN 201511008396A CN 105571415 A CN105571415 A CN 105571415A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a precise control method for smooth surface blasting of fractured rock mass of a highway tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, acquiring the parameters required by precise control on smooth surface blasting; step S2, performing precise control on smooth surface blasting, namely arranging explosives according to a rule that no explosive cartridges are arranged at fractured positions inside a drilling hole; calculating the single-hole explosive load; determining the amount of water in a water bag; respectively controlling according to the drilling holes which are different in completeness; step S3, after blasting is ended, regulating the single-hole explosive load and water amount according to the overbreak and underbreak amount and the value of the half-hole ratio; step S4, drilling again and blasting again according to the updated single-hole explosive load and water amount, sequentially circulating until the tunnel is accomplished. According to the method, dynamic regulation is continuously performed and the explosion effect is precisely controlled as far as possible, so that the aim of controlling the overbeak and underbreak of blasting is realized, the utilization of the explosives is increased, loss of the explosives is reduced, and the engineering cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tunnel Blasting field, be specifically related to a kind of vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of national economy and the continuous propelling of urban construction, China has built a large amount of municipal highways, railway, subway tunnel, and to have become tunnels and underground engineering in the world maximum, the most complicated, country with fastest developing speed.
The general flow of current tunnel photoface exploision is as following introduction: first according to actual conditions such as the geological structures of tunnel construction sections, carry out design of smooth blasting, design content comprises borehole and arranges, sun-exposed skin (mainly comprises uncouple coefficient, light blast hole close coefficient, linear charging density, light blast hole quantity etc.).Borehole is arranged with excavation design outline line for benchmark, should consider that the amplification of prearrangement of deformation amount suitably adjusts simultaneously; The determination of sun-exposed skin mainly draws theoretical value with reference to passing construction experience, then adjusts according to actual conditions.Before jewel hole, conscientiously should check borehole and arrange whether meet the requirements, then just start boring.Jewel hole is complete, again checks actual borehole deployment scenarios according to borehole layout drawing.Prepare before carrying out powder charge when meeting borehole and arranging, hole is clearly carried out to boring, carries out powder charge according to the quick-fried design of light, detonate.
Existing Tunnel Blasting easily causes explosion out break, there is huge hidden danger, and this not only directly affects the blasting quality in tunnel, also affects the surrounding rock stability in tunnel, the supporting quantity at initial stage and the concrete works amount of permanent support, increases construction investment.The main cause of explosion out break is caused to have: the dose 1, during explosion and charging means.During existing tunnel explosion, unified and single charge constitution and mode are all adopted to all boring, do not fully take into account crack in crack rock boring to the impact of explosion, this, with regard to easily appearing at the situation of the joint position powder charge of boring, causes demolition effect uncontrollable; The use of dose during existing explosion in addition, usually carry out based on experience value, and not according to the character of boring, and the concrete petrographic description of boring rock stratum, place is analyzed, and therefore also easily causes demolition effect uncontrollable, produces a large amount of blasting dusts after explosion, affect construction environment, also reduce the utilization rate of explosive simultaneously, cause the waste of explosive, increase construction investment.The fragment degree of the fractured rock 2, after prior art explosion is large, and rock breakage is undesirable.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the object of the invention is: provide one can effective controlled blasting out break, and the vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method of convenient operation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method, comprises the steps:
S1: obtain photoface exploision Precise control desired parameters:
S101: hole on the bore position that existing vcehicular tunnel design of smooth blasting arranges, all Present Borehole are made up of all current periphery holes and all current relievers;
S102: before explosion, on Tunnel Design profile rock mass section, the quantity of all current periphery holes is designated as N
2borehole investigations equipment is utilized to reconnoitre current all periphery holes, obtain photoface exploision to become more meticulous boring inner structure face parameter, this photoface exploision drilling parameter that becomes more meticulous comprises drillable length L, bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch, angle [alpha], petrographic description and bore diameter D between boring and horizontal plane;
S103: record is carried out to the photoface exploision the obtained boring inner structure face parameter that becomes more meticulous, and following process is done to bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch:
Bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion figure is launched, and be expanded view by the bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion seal after launching, measure and to record in expanded view present position, crack in boring, the width s in spacing d and crack between fracture strike and adjacent two cracks;
RQD scoring is carried out to current periphery hole place rock mass, then to mark the rock mass rank that draws thus evaluate the integrity levels of current periphery hole according to RQD, all current periphery holes are divided into the good periphery hole of integrality and poor periphery hole two class of integrality;
S2: photoface exploision Precise control:
S201: get the pvc pipe identical with current periphery hole length, this pvc pipe and current periphery hole tight fit;
The sidewall of described pvc pipe has and arranges vertically, for explosive cartridge is put into pvc pipe internal fixtion from gap, in current periphery hole, put into multiple water bag simultaneously, described water bag is fixed on pvc pipe, its fixed position is in the gap place of pvc pipe, and water bag is corresponding with explosive cartridge, each explosive cartridge and the water bag corresponding with it form an explosive cartridge group;
S202: bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch is processed according to S103, described pvc pipe marks out corresponding position on pvc pipe, every bar crack in current periphery hole, trend and every bar Fracture Width s, each pvc pipe internal fixtion has multiple explosive cartridge, and each explosive cartridge is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that pvc pipe marks;
S203: getting periphery hole volume remaining after the hell shutoff volume of deduction i-th current periphery hole in design of smooth blasting is V
i, i=1,2,3 ... N
2, in i-th current periphery hole, the volume of single hole explosive payload is V
medicine i, the volume of the not couplant water in i-th periphery hole is V
water i, in i-th periphery hole, the volume of air is V
empty i, wherein V
i=V
medicine i+ V
water i+ V
empty i, V
medicine i: V
water i: V
empty i=1:1.9:4.2;
According to V
medicine icalculate the single hole explosive payload Q of i-th periphery hole
medicine i;
Make i travel through its value, calculate the single hole explosive payload of each current periphery hole; In each current periphery hole, in all explosive cartridge groups, the amount of water and the amount of explosive cartridge are in equal proportions; S204: for the good current periphery hole of integrality, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the good current periphery hole of integrality marks, and reserved face aimed at by water bag;
For the current periphery hole that integrality is poor, the pvc pipe being arranged in the poor current periphery hole of integrality is fixed with EVA sponge, and this EVA sponge aims at reserved face, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the poor current periphery hole of integrality marks, and pre-explosion face aimed at by water bag, the volume V of EVA sponge
spongeequal with the volume of water in corresponding current periphery hole, V in the current periphery hole that so integrality is poor
medicine: V
water: V
sponge: V
empty=1:1.9:1.9:2.3;
S205: also load onto volume of making up the prescription accordingly in all current relievers, shutoff is carried out to the part of the hell in all current periphery holes and all current relievers, connects apparatus to cause bursting and ignite the explosive cartridge in each current periphery hole in pvc pipe and the volume of making up the prescription in current reliever;
S3: after explosion completes, the tunnel contour face that after utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to scan whole explosion, actual Blasting Excavation produces, and generate three-dimensional CAD figure, calculates out break amount W and the Half cast factor η of the three-dimensional section of gained after explosion;
W=V
2-V
1, wherein, V
1represent the excavation volume of tunnel reality after this photoface exploision, utilize the three-dimensional CAD figure generated to calculate, V
2represent the excavated volume that design of smooth blasting is estimated, if W>0, produce and backbreak, W<0 then produces and owes to dig;
η=N
1/ N
2, wherein, η represents Half cast factor, N
1exploded the quantity of all periphery holes of half, N along its axis after representing explosion
2the quantity of Tunnel Design profile rock mass section upper periphery eye before expression explosion.
S4: if W≤15cm, η>=80%, the dust produced after explosion is less, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is greater than 20cm, then make V '
water i=V
water i, V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5%V
medicine i, i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
empty i; If W>15cm, η be <80%, the dust produced after explosion is more, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is between 15cm-20cm, then make V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1-5%), V '
water i=V
water i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5% (V
water i-V
medicine i), i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
empty i;
S5: if each boring reaches preset length along the total length of its axis explosion, then control method terminates; Otherwise on the section after explosion, and continuing boring along the axis of i-th current periphery hole in S101, i travels through its value, and the hole of boring along i-th current periphery hole axis in S101 is designated as i-th periphery hole, continue boring along the axis of all relievers more simultaneously, and return step 102.
As optimization, described explosive cartridge is the small-bore powder stick that diameter is less than 25mm.
Relative to prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention is by surveying boring before explosion, and the RQD classification according to rock is marked to boring, adopts different charging means to the different boring of scoring, the degree of crushing of rock after raising explosion as much as possible, reduce large rock mass, reduce the situation of explosion out break, improve Half cast factor; By the boring to different integrality, adopt different charging means, give full play to explosive usefulness, the dust that all right effective controlled blasting produces, reduce the impact that environment is caused; In addition different charging means is taked to different classes of boring, finely control the effect of blast as much as possible, thus the situation of controlled blasting out break, also improve the utilization rate of explosive simultaneously, reduce the loss of explosive, reduce engineering cost; By advanced instrument scanning explosion face after a photoface exploision Precise control is implemented, calculate out break amount and Half cast factor, improve the accuracy that operating efficiency also improves data, and the explosion achievement of this photoface exploision Precise control of post-evaluation, reach the effect of design if fail, original basis is revised photoface exploision Precise control parameter according to actual conditions, and then implement next section of tunnel blasting excavation, until by photoface exploision Precise control parameter optimization to meeting designing requirement, it is the method for a continuous self-optimization.
The present invention can solve the above problems and mainly be the following aspects: according to existing correlative study, in the process of drillhole blasting, due to ignorant to the joint distribution actual conditions of bore inner, blindly according to original design unified utilize single powder charge pattern carry out explosion usually cause explosion after situation undesirable, out break situation is serious, after explosion, dust is more, the waste of explosive energy, before carrying out photoface exploision, innovatively utilize the actual conditions of borehole investigations equipment to the inner surface of boring to investigate in boring, show that detailed boring photoface exploision becomes more meticulous parameter, then to become more meticulous the integrality scoring obtaining after parameter processing holing according to the photoface exploision of boring, again according to the boring section distinguishing different charge constitution of this principle of borehole fissure position not powder charge for different integrality, it is the decoupling charge structure of water, air and explosive in charge constitution, the advantage of this charge constitution is the existence of aqueous medium, because the compressibility of water is less, after blast, stress wave can make on the rock mass acting on pre-explosion of pressure uniform in the communication process of water as propagation medium, make rock crushing evenly, and the adsorption capacity of water can effectively reduce explosion produce dust, another is the mixed charge structure of EVA sponge and explosive, sponge is aimed at reserved that side of part rock mass, the shock wave of explosive charge can be made to be absorbed by portion of sponge, reduce the detonation stresses to retaining rock.Joint position not powder charge is adopted mainly to consider if in joint position powder charge, the blast wave that explosive produces can be diffused in surrounding rock body along joint, add the possibility producing explosion and backbreak, cause the uncontrollable of Smooth Blasting Effects, be also the waste to explosive simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-be Pareto diagram of holing in prior art.
Fig. 2-be the powder charge principle figure of photoface exploision Precise control.
Fig. 3-be the view after semicircle pvc pipe powder charge of holing preferably for integrality.
Fig. 4-be is for the view after the semicircle pvc pipe powder charge of the boring that integrality is poor.
Fig. 5-be the general flow chart of the inventive method.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present invention, S1 represents step 1, and S101 represents 01 step in S1, and S102 represents 02 step in S1, the like.
See Fig. 2-Fig. 5, a kind of vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method, comprises the steps:
S1: obtain photoface exploision Precise control desired parameters:
S101: carry out boring and adopt prior art to hole on the bore position that existing vcehicular tunnel design of smooth blasting arranges, all Present Borehole are made up of all current periphery holes and all current relievers; In the process of carrying out explosion, adopt segmented to carry out explosion, and in each blasting process, reliever can all quick-fried fall.
S102: before explosion, on Tunnel Design profile rock mass section, the quantity of all current periphery holes is designated as N
2borehole investigations equipment is utilized to reconnoitre current all periphery holes, obtain photoface exploision to become more meticulous boring inner structure face parameter, this photoface exploision drilling parameter that becomes more meticulous comprises drillable length L, bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch, angle [alpha], petrographic description and bore diameter D between boring and horizontal plane; Borehole investigations equipment is existing equipment.
S103: record is carried out to the photoface exploision the obtained boring inner structure face parameter that becomes more meticulous, and following process is done to bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch:
Bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion figure is launched, and be expanded view by the bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion seal after launching, measure and to record in expanded view present position, crack in boring, the width s in spacing d and crack between fracture strike and adjacent two cracks;
RQD scoring is carried out to current periphery hole place rock mass, then to mark the rock mass rank that draws thus evaluate the integrity levels of current periphery hole according to RQD, all current periphery holes are divided into the good periphery hole of integrality and poor periphery hole two class of integrality;
Particularly: carry out RQD scoring according to this constructing tunnel rock mass of data to boring place in earlier stage, the integrity levels evaluating boring is distinguished again according to the mark rock mass rank that draws of RQD, boring integrity levels is consistent with ground grade, be divided into five classes, the extraordinary boring of I class integrality, the boring that II class integrality is good, the boring of the general rock mass of III integrality, the boring that IV integrality is poor, the boring of the non-constant of V integrality, the boring of this five class is simply divided into two classes by the present invention, I class and the boring of II class are planned to integrality and hole preferably, III class, IV class, V class boring is planned to the poor boring of integrality.
S2: photoface exploision Precise control: obtain photoface exploision Precise control desired parameters according to S1, according to the principle that explosive is not rolled up of position, crack in boring, powder charge is carried out to the boring of different integrality, the wherein combination of explosive cartridge and the semicircle pvc pipe of auxiliary material, the loading position of explosive cartridge, the loadings of explosive cartridge and explosion not the choosing and loading of couplant, all adjusts according to following situation.
S201: get the pvc pipe identical with current periphery hole length, this pvc pipe and current periphery hole tight fit;
The sidewall of described pvc pipe has and arranges vertically, for explosive cartridge is put into pvc pipe internal fixtion from gap, in current periphery hole, put into multiple water bag simultaneously, described water bag is fixed on pvc pipe, its fixed position is in the gap place of pvc pipe, and water bag is corresponding with explosive cartridge, each explosive cartridge and the water bag corresponding with it form an explosive cartridge group; During concrete enforcement, pvc pipe half-and-half can be cut open, then explosive cartridge be put into from gap, then be fixed by adhesive plaster.Water bag i.e. each explosive cartridge corresponding with explosive cartridge is all to having water bag, and particularly, corresponding how many water bags of each explosive cartridge are determined according to the amount of not couplant.
S202: bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch is processed according to S103, described pvc pipe marks out corresponding position on pvc pipe, every bar crack in current periphery hole, trend and every bar Fracture Width s, each pvc pipe internal fixtion has multiple explosive cartridge, and each explosive cartridge is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that pvc pipe marks.See Fig. 2, namely each explosive cartridge is when fixing, avoids the position in the crack marked at pvc pipe, thus avoids the crack of boring, when specifically implementing, adhesive plaster can be adopted explosive cartridge to be fixed on explosive cartridge and place in interval; Be not in the main cause of borehole fissure position powder charge: if 1 crack place powder charge can cause the loss of explosive charge energy, avoid crack and can play raising explosive utilization rate.If 2. the powder charge of crack place can cause the effect of exploding uncontrollable, the energy of explosive can penetrate into other of boring along crack local, may cause other retain country rocks destruction, cause the instability of country rock.
Getting periphery hole volume remaining after the hell shutoff volume of deduction i-th current periphery hole in design of smooth blasting is V
i, i=1,2,3 ... N
2, in i-th current periphery hole, the volume of single hole explosive payload is V
medicine i, the volume of the not couplant water in i-th periphery hole is V
water i, in i-th periphery hole, the volume of air is V
empty i, wherein V
i=V
medicine i+ V
water i+ V
empty i, V
medicine i: V
water i: V
empty i=1:1.9:4.2;
According to V
medicine icalculate the single hole explosive payload Q of i-th periphery hole
medicine i; (i.e. single hole fill the quality of making up the prescription).
Make i travel through its value, calculate the single hole explosive payload of each current periphery hole; In each current periphery hole, in all explosive cartridge groups, the amount of water and the amount of explosive cartridge are in equal proportions;
S204: for the good current periphery hole of integrality, see Fig. 3, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the good current periphery hole of integrality marks, and reserved face aimed at by water bag;
For the current periphery hole that integrality is poor, the pvc pipe being arranged in the poor current periphery hole of integrality is fixed with EVA sponge, and this EVA sponge aims at reserved face, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the poor current periphery hole of integrality marks, and pre-explosion face aimed at by water bag, EVA sponge belongs to auxiliary material, occupies the volume of partial air, the volume V of EVA sponge
spongeequal with the volume of water in corresponding current periphery hole, V in the current periphery hole that so integrality is poor
medicine: V
water: V
sponge: V
empty=1:1.9:1.9:2.3;
The ductility of water, conveniently obtains, cheap, and water can also be sanitary sewage etc.The object of placing water bag is isolated at blast wave and rock mass, thus blast wave stress is acted on rock mass more uniformly.Utilize the reserved face of cushioning effect protection of sponge.The inner surface of holing can divide along its axis be as the criterion pre-explosion face and reserved face, and wherein accurate pre-explosion face is the part that boring inner surface needs to come off in blast, and reserved face is then the part needing to remain in blast at inner surface of holing.
S205: also load onto volume of making up the prescription accordingly in all current relievers, shutoff is carried out to the part of the hell in all current periphery holes and all current relievers, the length of shutoff is by design of smooth blasting value, be constant, connect apparatus to cause bursting and ignite the explosive cartridge in each current periphery hole in pvc pipe and the volume of making up the prescription in current reliever; Charging means in all current relievers, explosive payload is all adopt prior art.
S3: after explosion completes, the tunnel contour face that after utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to scan whole explosion, actual Blasting Excavation produces, and generate three-dimensional CAD figure, calculates out break amount W and the Half cast factor η of the three-dimensional section of gained after explosion; The tunnel contour face that after utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to scan whole explosion, actual Blasting Excavation produces belongs to prior art, the result after scanning is generated three-dimensional CAD figure and also belongs to prior art.
W=V
2-V
1, wherein, V
1represent the excavation volume of tunnel reality after this photoface exploision, utilize the three-dimensional CAD figure generated to calculate, V
2represent the excavated volume estimated of design of smooth blasting, if W>0, produce and backbreak, W<0 then produces and owes to dig, due to there is the situation of W=0 probability seldom thus do not consider W=0 here time situation.
η=N
1/ N
2, wherein, η represents Half cast factor, N
1exploded the quantity (namely visually observe and obtain) of all periphery holes of half, N along its axis after representing explosion
2the quantity that before representing explosion, Tunnel Design profile rock mass section upper periphery eye is holed.
S4: if W≤15cm, η>=80%, the dust produced after explosion is less, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is greater than 20cm, then make V '
water i=V
water i, V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5%V
medicine i, i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th boring in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th boring in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th boring in S203
empty i, namely upgrade V in i-th current periphery hole
medicine i: V
water i: V
empty i=V '
medicine i: V '
water i: V '
empty i; Illustrate that out break amount is less, Half cast factor is high, and after explosion, dust is less, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is large.
The particle diameter of rock fragmentation and rock, the dust produced after explosion is less, namely carries out tunnel ventilation after explosion, can be got rid of by the dust in tunnel within 30 minutes.
If W>15cm, η be <80%, the dust produced after explosion is more, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is between 15cm-20cm, then make V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1-5%), V '
water i=V
water i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5% (V
water i-V
medicine i), i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th boring in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th boring in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th boring in S203
empty i, namely upgrade V in i-th current periphery hole
medicine i: V
water i: V
empty i=V '
medicine i: V '
water i: V '
empty i;
The dust produced after explosion is more, namely carries out tunnel ventilation after explosion, the dust in tunnel is got rid of required time and is greater than 30min.
S5: if each boring has reached preset length (i.e. length of tunnel) along the total length of its axis explosion, then control method terminates; Otherwise on the section after explosion, and continuing boring along the axis of i-th current periphery hole in S101, i travels through its value, and the hole of boring along i-th current periphery hole axis in S101 is designated as i-th periphery hole, continue boring along the axis of all relievers more simultaneously, and return step 102.
As optimization, described explosive cartridge is the small-bore powder stick that diameter is less than 25mm.Adopt the object of small-bore powder stick mainly to make blast more even, small-bore powder stick can fold or fracture, thus conveniently increases and decreases dose.
The degree of crushing of rock after the raising explosion as much as possible of this control method, reduces large rock mass, thus reduces the situation of explosion out break; The dust that all right effective controlled blasting simultaneously produces, reduces the impact caused environment; This control method constantly carries out the method for dynamic conditioning in work progress, also finely controls the effect of blast as much as possible, reaches the object of controlled blasting out break, improves the utilization rate of explosive, reduces the loss of explosive, reduces engineering cost.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
S1: obtain photoface exploision Precise control desired parameters:
S101: hole on the bore position that existing vcehicular tunnel design of smooth blasting arranges, all Present Borehole are made up of all current periphery holes and all current relievers;
S102: before explosion, on Tunnel Design profile rock mass section, the quantity of all current periphery holes is designated as N
2borehole investigations equipment is utilized to reconnoitre current all periphery holes, obtain photoface exploision to become more meticulous boring inner structure face parameter, this photoface exploision drilling parameter that becomes more meticulous comprises drillable length L, bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch, angle [alpha], petrographic description and bore diameter D between boring and horizontal plane;
S103: record is carried out to the photoface exploision the obtained boring inner structure face parameter that becomes more meticulous, and following process is done to bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch:
Bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion figure is launched, and be expanded view by the bore inner 1:1 ratio panoramic expansion seal after launching, measure and to record in expanded view present position, crack in boring, the width s in spacing d and crack between fracture strike and adjacent two cracks;
RQD scoring is carried out to current periphery hole place rock mass, then to mark the rock mass rank that draws thus evaluate the integrity levels of current periphery hole according to RQD, all current periphery holes are divided into the good periphery hole of integrality and poor periphery hole two class of integrality;
S2: photoface exploision Precise control:
S201: get the pvc pipe identical with current periphery hole length, this pvc pipe and current periphery hole tight fit;
The sidewall of described pvc pipe has and arranges vertically, for explosive cartridge is put into pvc pipe internal fixtion from gap, in current periphery hole, put into multiple water bag simultaneously, described water bag is fixed on pvc pipe, its fixed position is in the gap place of pvc pipe, and water bag is corresponding with explosive cartridge, each explosive cartridge and the water bag corresponding with it form an explosive cartridge group;
S202: bore inner 1:1 ratio panorama sketch is processed according to S103, described pvc pipe marks out corresponding position on pvc pipe, every bar crack in current periphery hole, trend and every bar Fracture Width s, each pvc pipe internal fixtion has multiple explosive cartridge, and each explosive cartridge is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that pvc pipe marks;
S203: getting periphery hole volume remaining after the hell shutoff volume of deduction i-th current periphery hole in design of smooth blasting is V
i, i=1,2,3 ... N
2, in i-th current periphery hole, the volume of single hole explosive payload is V
medicine i, the volume of the not couplant water in i-th periphery hole is V
water i, in i-th periphery hole, the volume of air is V
empty i, wherein V
i=V
medicine i+ V
water i+ V
empty i, V
medicine i: V
water i: V
empty i=1:1.9:4.2;
According to V
medicine icalculate the single hole explosive payload Q of i-th periphery hole
medicine i;
Make i travel through its value, calculate the single hole explosive payload of each current periphery hole; In each current periphery hole, in all explosive cartridge groups, the amount of water and the amount of explosive cartridge are in equal proportions; S204: for the good current periphery hole of integrality, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the good current periphery hole of integrality marks, and reserved face aimed at by water bag;
For the current periphery hole that integrality is poor, the pvc pipe being arranged in the poor current periphery hole of integrality is fixed with EVA sponge, and this EVA sponge aims at reserved face, water bag is fixed between position, adjacent two cracks that the pvc pipe in the poor current periphery hole of integrality marks, and pre-explosion face aimed at by water bag, the volume V of EVA sponge
spongeequal with the volume of water in corresponding current periphery hole, V in the current periphery hole that so integrality is poor
medicine: V
water: V
sponge: V
empty=1:1.9:1.9:2.3;
S205: also load onto volume of making up the prescription accordingly in all current relievers, shutoff is carried out to the part of the hell in all current periphery holes and all current relievers, connects apparatus to cause bursting and ignite the explosive cartridge in each current periphery hole in pvc pipe and the volume of making up the prescription in current reliever;
S3: after explosion completes, the tunnel contour face that after utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to scan whole explosion, actual Blasting Excavation produces, and generate three-dimensional CAD figure, calculates out break amount W and the Half cast factor η of the three-dimensional section of gained after explosion;
W=V
2-V
1, wherein, V
1represent the excavation volume of tunnel reality after this photoface exploision, utilize the three-dimensional CAD figure generated to calculate, V
2represent the excavated volume that design of smooth blasting is estimated, if W>0, produce and backbreak, W<0 then produces and owes to dig;
η=N
1/ N
2, wherein, η represents Half cast factor, N
1exploded the quantity of all periphery holes of half, N along its axis after representing explosion
2the quantity of Tunnel Design profile rock mass section upper periphery eye before expression explosion.
S4: if W≤15cm, η>=80%, the dust produced after explosion is less, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is greater than 20cm, then make V '
water i=V
water i, V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5%V
medicine i, i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
empty i; If W>15cm, η be <80%, the dust produced after explosion is more, and the rock fragmentation that after explosion, throwing goes out is between 15cm-20cm, then make V '
medicine i=V
medicine i(1-5%), V '
water i=V
water i(1+5%), V '
empty i=V
empty i-5% (V
water i-V
medicine i), i=1,2 ... N
2, and with V '
water iupgrade the volume V of water in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
water i, with V '
medicine iupgrade the volume V of single hole explosive payload in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
medicine i, V '
empty iupgrade the volume V of air in corresponding i-th periphery hole in S203
empty i;
S5: if each boring reaches preset length along the total length of its axis explosion, then control method terminates; Otherwise on the section after explosion, and continuing boring along the axis of i-th current periphery hole in S101, i travels through its value, and the hole of boring along i-th current periphery hole axis in S101 is designated as i-th periphery hole, continue boring along the axis of all relievers more simultaneously, and return step 102.
2. vcehicular tunnel crack rock photoface exploision Precise control method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described explosive cartridge is the small-bore powder stick that diameter is less than 25mm.
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