CN105562345A - Equal-diameter roller type fresh tea grading device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an equal-diameter roller type fresh tea leaf grading device and method, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery equipment. In the equal-diameter drum type fresh tea leaf grading device of the present invention, the drums are installed obliquely, the diameter and length of each section of the drum are equal, and the working parameters can be displayed and adjusted. The air outlet is located above the drum. The structure design of equal diameter improves the classification rate and classification speed; the controller monitors the working process, the classification accuracy is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced. The winnowing fan separates the leaves and buds to achieve preliminary classification; the cleaning fan blows the fresh tea leaves blocked in the mesh into the drum to reduce the screen blocking rate and increase the classification rate and classification speed. The sieve is replaceable and can adapt to different grading requirements. In the present invention, the regulation and control of the inclination angle of the drum, the rotating speed of the drum and the feeding rate can be realized.

Description

A device and method for grading fresh tea leaves with equal-diameter rollers

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery equipment, and in particular relates to a method for grading fresh tea leaves.

Background technique

The fresh tea leaf classifier is an important tea processing machine in modern agriculture. The fresh tea leaves are classified by the classifying device before processing, which can improve the quality of the finished tea leaves. At present, the working principle of the main fresh tea classifiers at home and abroad is basically the same. They all use sieve holes with different apertures to separate different grades of fresh tea leaves, so as to achieve the purpose of classification.

After retrieving the invention patent 200810059580.6, the drum of the classifier is designed as a cone-shaped cylinder to facilitate the discharge of fresh tea leaves, but the diameter of the feed port of the drum is small, which limits the classification output of the classifier; the sieve aperture is fixed at 0.5cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0cm, so that the first level is mainly used for the classification of fine broken leaves. The fresh tea leaves can only be divided into 3 levels by the two sizes of 1.5cm and 2.0cm. The drum speed and drum inclination angle are fixed during classification , can only manually control the feed rate to ensure the overall classification rate, the working method is extensive, the feed rate is difficult to control, and the classification efficiency is low. Invention patent 201210037886.8 uses multi-layer screens to achieve grading, but the smallest fresh tea leaves need to be graded multiple times, causing great damage; the drum inclination and feed rate can be adjusted manually, but it is time-consuming, laborious, imprecise, and complicated in mechanical structure. In the invention patent 2013100339166.1, the drum inclination angle and drum speed are still not adjustable, and the feed rate can only be controlled manually, which results in extensive work and low efficiency. Invention patent 201210273704.7 uses a flat sieve to vibrate and classify fresh tea leaves. Because the fresh tea leaves collide with the grading sieve continuously during the grading process, the fresh tea leaves that are finally separated are seriously damaged. In the utility model patent 201120157386.9, the fresh tea leaves are classified by means of a high-power fan. Due to the complexity of the fresh tea leaves and the small difference in the floating speed of fresh leaves at different levels, the classification effect is not good and the energy consumption is large.

There is a drum-type fresh tea leaf classifier in the form of a round table, with a minimum diameter of 42cm, a maximum diameter of 73cm, and a length of 130cm. The drum is divided into 3 sections, and the size of the sieve holes is 5mm×5mm, 7mm×7mm, and 9mm×9mm. The length of each section is basically equal, the inclination angle of the screen is 6.7°, and the rotating speed of the drum is 13r/min. Short time results in insufficient classification of fresh leaves, and fresh tea leaves are easy to block the sieve holes. Another kind of fresh leaf classifier, the minimum diameter is 32cm, the maximum diameter is 70cm, and the length is 115cm. The drum is divided into two sections. The sieve hole specifications are 11mm×11mm and 20mm×20mm square holes respectively. The length of the two sections is equal. The speed of classification is 17r/min , the inclination angle is 9.5°, and the particularly large fresh tea leaves are separated from the discharge end of the drum, but the size of the fresh tea leaves under the first and second drums is very different, and the purpose of grading is not achieved. The above fresh tea classifiers have low grading output and low grading rate. The fresh tea leaves are easy to block the sieve holes and need to be manually fed. The labor intensity is high, and the sieve cannot be replaced. The classification requirements of leaves are not very applicable.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device and method, in order to realize that the diameters of the drums are equal, adding a winnowing fan and a sieve-cleaning fan, so that the grading rate in the grading process is improved, the grading speed is accelerated, and the sieving Net clogging is reduced. The screen of the classifier can be loaded and unloaded, and the drum inclination, drum speed, and feeding rate are adjustable during work. Workers can replace the drum screen and precisely adjust the working parameters of the drum according to different kinds of fresh tea leaves. The automatic feeding mechanism used can be timed, Quantitative feed, reduce labor intensity of workers

In order to solve the above technical problems, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

An equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device, including a frame A (1), a power source (2), a lifting mechanism (3), a feeding mechanism (4), a controller (5), and a feeding slope (6 ), drum (7), cleaning fan (8), collector (9) and supporting wheels (10); lifting mechanism (3) includes motor A (3–1), elevator (3–2), nut ( 3–3); the feeding mechanism (4) includes the motor B (4–1), the limit brush (4–2), the feeding belt (4–3), the winnowing fan (4–4) and the frame B ( 4–5); the roller (7) and the frame A (1) are supported by friction wheels (1–1) and bearings (1–2); the elevator (3-2) and the nut (3–3) are rotationally connected , the nut (3–3) is welded to the feeding end of the frame (1); the drum (7) is driven by the power source (2); the power source (2), motor A (3–1) and motor B (4–1 ) are controlled by the controller (5), and the controller (5) displays the feedback values of the inclination sensor (5-3), the speed sensor A (5-1) and the speed sensor B (5-2);

It is characterized in that: the drum (7) is an equal-diameter drum, installed obliquely, and the drum (7) includes a drum frame (7-1), a drum screen (7-2) and a drum shaft (7-3), The drum screen (7-2) is detachable and replaceable;

The feeding mechanism (4) can feed upwards or reversely unload, and the feeding and unloading rates are adjustable. The motor B (4-1) is a speed-regulating motor, and the limit brush (4-2) is fixed on The air separation fan (4-4) is arranged directly above the feed belt (4-3) and its position can be adjusted in the vertical direction, and the wind speed is adjustable; the air separation fan (4 -4) The air outlet is facing the space between the feed belt (4-3) and the feed slope (6);

The elevators (3-2) in the lifting mechanism (3) are two linked elevators, and the lifting mechanism (3) cooperates with the supporting wheels (10) to complete the adjustment of the inclination angle of the drum (7);

The outlet of the cleaning fan (8) is located above the drum (7), and the outlet is downward;

The controller (5) is used for real-time and accurate detection, display and regulation of the inclination angle of the drum, the rotating speed of the drum, and the feeding rate during the grading process of fresh tea leaves;

The drum inclination angle, drum speed and feeding rate of the classifier are respectively adjusted through the lifting mechanism (3), the power source (2) and the feeding mechanism (4), and the output speed of the power source (2) can be adjusted.

The elevator platform (3) is a single-drive elevator; the combination of the screens (7-2) is preferably three screens with different mesh sizes.

The winnowing fan (4-4) and the cleaning fan (8) are all centrifugal fans.

The motor A (3-1) is a speed-regulating motor; the screen (7-2) is made of stainless steel braided or crimped perforated plates.

A method for grading fresh tea leaves with equal-diameter rollers, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps

The first step is to set the classification parameter value on the controller (5);

The second step is to use the lifting mechanism (3) to adjust the inclination angle of the drum (7) until the inclination angle reaches the set value of the inclination angle;

The third step is to use the power source (2) to drive the drum (7) to rotate until the speed reaches the set value of the speed;

The fourth step is to start the feeding mechanism (4), and the feeding mechanism starts feeding until the feeding rate reaches the set value;

The fifth step is to start the air separation fan (4–4) and the screen cleaning fan (8), and the system will send out a reminder alarm;

The sixth step is to turn off the alarm sound, put the fresh tea leaves at the front end of the feeding belt (4–3), and the fresh tea leaf grading device starts to automatically classify the fresh tea leaves: the fresh tea leaves are in the feeding mechanism ( 4) Feed at a certain feed rate under the drive. During the process of fresh tea leaves falling from the feed belt (4–3) to the feed slope (6), the fresh tea leaves without buds in the fresh tea leaves will be classified by winnowing. The leaves are separated, and the remaining fresh tea leaves with buds enter the drum (7) for screening and grading, so as to separate the fresh tea leaves of different grades.

The grading parameter values are specifically set as follows:

The parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the hand-picked tea fresh leaf classifier is: the drum inclination angle is 6°, the feed rate is 2kg/min, and the drum speed is 8r/min;

The parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the machine-picked fresh leaf classifier is: drum inclination angle 6°, feed rate 1.5kg/min, drum speed 16r/min.

Working principle of the present invention :

During the grading process of the fresh tea leaves in the present invention, the fresh tea leaves of a certain grade can be graded through the corresponding sieve holes, and the grading time of the fresh tea leaves in the drum and the probability of contacting the sieve determine the overall quality of the fresh tea leaves. Grading rate. The grading time of fresh tea leaves in the drum and the probability of contacting the screen are related to the inclination angle of the drum and the feed rate of the drum during grading. By adjusting the grading parameters in the grading process of fresh tea leaves, the grading rate can be guaranteed and the grading rate can be improved.

The present invention has beneficial effects:

In the present invention, the drum screen forms a certain inclination angle with the ground by adopting the method of inclined installation of the drum, so as to meet the discharge requirement, make the drum equal in diameter, increase the diameter of the feeding end of the drum, and improve the utilization rate of the drum, thereby Increased the output of tea fresh leaf grading;

The sieve of the present invention can be replaced, so that the classifier can adapt to the grading of fresh tea leaves of different sizes and varieties; at the same time, it can be loaded and unloaded, and the grades of the fresh tea leaves to be sorted are 2 to 4, so that the grading adaptability is enhanced;

The present invention adopts three kinds of sieves, and the sieve hole sizes are selected and combined as 6mm×6mm, 10mm×10mm, and 13mm×13mm, so that the fresh tea leaves can be mixed with fresh tea leaves according to single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves. separated from the leaves;

The invention adopts air separation fan to separate the buds and leaves with great difference in floating speed; the air separation classification is combined with drum screening classification, which improves the classification efficiency;

In the present invention, the linkage lifting platform is used together with the supporting wheels to keep the fresh tea classifier rising steadily without skewing;

The invention adopts a cleaning fan to blow air downward from the top of the drum, so as to clear the screen hole and improve the classification rate; at the same time, the fresh tea leaves blocked in the screen hole fall into the drum again, and the classification is carried out again, thereby improving the classification rate. Rate;

The present invention realizes quantitative management by adding a control system to accurately display and control the rotating speed of the drum, the inclination angle of the drum, and the feeding rate in the working process of the classifier in real time; at the same time, the lifting mechanism and the feeding mechanism used are all driven by electric motors, which improves the degree of mechanization , reducing the labor intensity of workers;

In the present invention, the rotating speed of the drum, the inclination angle of the drum, and the feeding rate can be set according to different fresh tea leaves, so the classifier can be used for the classification of various different fresh tea leaves;

The present invention finds out the primary and secondary order of factors affecting the fresh tea leaf grading and finds out the optimal working parameter combination under the test conditions through the research on the equal-diameter roller type fresh tea leaf grading method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of screen mesh structure of the present invention

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding mechanism of the present invention

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting platform of the present invention

In the figure: 1 frame 2 power source 3 lifting mechanism 4 feeding mechanism 5 controller 6 feeding slope 7 drum 8 screen cleaning fan 9 collector 10 supporting wheel 3–1 motor A3–2 elevator 3–3 nut 4– 1 Electric Motor B4–2 Limiting Brush 4–3 Feed Belt 4–4 Wind Separation Fan 4–5 Frame B1-1 Friction Wheel 1–2 Bearing 5–1 Speed Sensor A5–2 Speed Sensor B5–3 Inclination Sensor 7– 1 Drum frame 7–2 Drum screen 7–3 Drum shaft.

detailed description

The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described in detail below by taking the grading of fresh tea leaves as an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

As shown in Figure 1, the structure of the present invention includes a frame 1, a power source 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a feeding mechanism 4, a controller 5, a feeding inclined plane 6, a drum 7, a cleaning fan 8 and a collector 9.

As shown in Figure 2, in the drum 7 of the present invention, the drum screen 7-2 is fixed on the drum frame 7-1 by hoops, and the drum screen 7-2 can be replaced and adjusted according to the different raw materials and requirements of fresh tea leaves. Loading and unloading; the outer circular surface of the feed end of the drum 7 is supported and driven by two friction wheels 1-1 on the bracket 1, the drum shaft 7-3 is rotationally connected with the frame 1 through the bearing 1-2, and the drum 7 is installed obliquely;

As shown in Figure 3, the lifting mechanism 3 of the present invention includes a motor 3-1 and two linkage worm gear screw lifters 3-2, and the linkage mode can ensure that the frame rises and falls smoothly without skewing in the width direction; in the lifter 3-2 During the working process, the screw rod rotates to push the nut to move up and down, and the nut welded on the frame pushes the feeding end of the frame to rise or fall, thereby changing the inclination angle of the drum during the grading process of fresh tea leaves.

As shown in Figure 4, feeding mechanism 4 of the present invention comprises motor 4-1, limited brush 4-2, feed belt 4-3, cleaning fan 4-4 and frame 4-5 thereof, limited brush 4- 2. It is fixed directly above the feeding belt 4-3 and its position can be adjusted in the vertical direction. The winnowing fan 4-4 is arranged below the feeding belt 4-3.

Example one

Grading of hand-picked fresh tea leaves: Before grading fresh tea leaves, first select 3 sections of screens according to the size and grade quantity requirements of the target fresh tea leaves, the sizes are: 6mm×6mm, 10mm×10mm, 13mm×13mm, On roller frame 7–1. According to the kind of the fresh tea leaves and the composition of the fresh tea leaves at all levels, the drum inclination angle when setting the classification is 6°, the drum rotating speed is 8r/min, and the feed rate is 2.0kg/min by the controller 5. After setting, the lifting mechanism 3 starts to adjust the inclination angle of the drum to the set value; after a 10s delay, the power source 2 starts to accelerate the drum 7 to the set value; After the conveying speed of belt 4-3 accelerates to the set value, air separation fan 4-4 and cleaning fan 8 start. After a delay of 10s, the controller gives an alarm, and the workers start loading materials. The worker puts the fresh tea leaves on the front end of the feeding belt 4-3, and the fresh tea leaves are fed with the feeding belt 4-3 according to the set feeding rate, and the limited brush 4-2 is driven by the motor 5-1 to scrape off the fresh tea leaves. Thick fresh tea leaves, the fresh tea leaves fall from the end of the feeding belt 4-3, and fall into the feeding slope 6 after being classified by the winnowing fan 4-4. During the winnowing process, there are no buds in the fresh tea leaves The fresh tea leaves are separated to achieve preliminary grading; the fresh tea leaves enter the drum 7 through the feeding slope 6, and move toward the discharge end of the drum 7 along the inner surface of the screen 7-2 under the action of gravity. Different sieves 7-2 fall into the collector 9 and collect. The degree of grading in this case is 89%.

Example two

Grading of machine-picked fresh tea leaves: Before grading fresh tea leaves, first select 3 sections of screens according to the size and grade quantity requirements of the target fresh tea leaves, the sizes are: 10mm×10mm, 15mm×15mm, 20mm×20mm, On roller frame 7–1. According to the kind of the fresh tea leaves and the composition of the fresh tea leaves of all levels, the drum inclination angle 6°, the drum rotating speed 16r/min, and the feed rate 1.5kg/min when setting the classification are set by the controller 5. After setting, the lifting mechanism 3 starts to adjust the inclination angle of the drum to the set value; after a 10s delay, the power source 2 starts to accelerate the drum 7 to the set value; After the conveying speed of belt 4-3 accelerates to the set value, air separation fan 4-4 and cleaning fan 8 start. After a delay of 10s, the controller gives an alarm, and the workers start loading materials. Workers put the fresh tea leaves on the front end of the feeding belt 4-3, and the fresh tea leaves are fed with the feeding belt 4-3 according to the set feeding rate, and the limited brush 4-2 is scraped off by the drive of the motor 5-1 The fresh tea leaves that are too thick, the fresh tea leaves fall from the end of the feeding belt 4-3, and fall into the feeding slope 6 after being classified by the winnowing fan 4-4, and there are no buds in the fresh tea leaves during the winnowing process The fresh tea leaves are separated to achieve preliminary classification; the fresh tea leaves enter the drum 7 through the feeding slope 6, and move along the inner surface of the screen 7-2 to the discharge end of the drum 7 under the action of gravity. Different sieves 7-2 fall into the collector 9 and collect. The grading rate in this case is 75%.

The present invention can replace different sieves according to different fresh tea leaves, and provides different grading parameter combinations to ensure higher grading speed and grading rate.

It should be noted that although fresh tea leaves are taken as an example in the description to illustrate the equal-diameter drum-type grading device and method of the present invention, the use of the equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device and method is not limited to the description In the above situation, in actual use, the above-mentioned equal-diameter drum type fresh tea leaf grading device and method can also be used in other occasions.

Claims (6)

1. An equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device, including a frame A (1), a power source (2), a lifting mechanism (3), a feeding mechanism (4), a controller (5), and a feeding slope (6), drum (7), cleaning fan (8), collector (9) and supporting wheels (10); lifting mechanism (3) includes motor A (3-1), elevator (3-2), Nut (3–3); feeding mechanism (4) including motor B (4–1), limit brush (4–2), feeding belt (4–3), winnowing fan (4–4) and frame B (4–5); the drum (7) and frame A (1) are supported by friction wheels (1–1), bearings (1–2); lifter (3-2) and nuts (3–3) Rotational connection, nuts (3–3) are welded to the feeding end of the frame (1); the drum (7) is driven by the power source (2); the power source (2), motor A (3–1) and motor B (4 –1) are controlled by the controller (5), and the controller (5) displays the feedback values of the inclination sensor (5-3), the speed sensor A (5-1) and the speed sensor B (5-2); It is characterized in that: the drum (7) is an equal-diameter drum, installed obliquely, and the drum (7) includes a drum frame (7-1), a drum screen (7-2) and a drum shaft (7-3), The drum screen (7-2) is detachable and replaceable; The feeding mechanism (4) can feed upwards or reversely unload, and the feeding and unloading rates are adjustable. The motor B (4-1) is a speed-regulating motor, and the limit brush (4-2) is fixed on The air separation fan (4-4) is arranged directly above the feed belt (4-3) and its position can be adjusted in the vertical direction, and the wind speed is adjustable; the air separation fan (4 -4) The air outlet is facing the space between the feed belt (4-3) and the feed slope (6); The elevators (3-2) in the lifting mechanism (3) are two linked elevators, and the lifting mechanism (3) cooperates with the supporting wheels (10) to complete the adjustment of the inclination angle of the drum (7); The outlet of the cleaning fan (8) is located above the drum (7), and the outlet is downward; The controller (5) is used for real-time and accurate detection, display and regulation of the inclination angle of the drum, the rotating speed of the drum, and the feeding rate during the grading process of fresh tea leaves; The drum inclination angle, drum speed and feeding rate of the classifier are respectively adjusted through the lifting mechanism (3), the power source (2) and the feeding mechanism (4), and the output speed of the power source (2) can be adjusted. 2. An equal-diameter drum type fresh tea leaf grading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elevator platform (3) is a single-drive elevator; the combination of the screens (7-2) is preferably 3 mesh screens of different sizes. 3. The equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the winnowing fan (4-4) and the cleaning fan (8) are both centrifugal fans. 4. An equal-diameter drum-type fresh tea leaf grading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the motor A (3-1) is a speed-regulating motor; the screen (7-2) is made of stainless steel Woven or perforated sheets are crimped. 5. The grading method of the fresh tea leaf grading device of a kind of equal diameter drum type fresh tea leaf grading device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps The first step is to set the classification parameter value on the controller (5); The second step is to use the lifting mechanism (3) to adjust the inclination angle of the drum (7) until the inclination angle reaches the set value of the inclination angle; The third step is to use the power source (2) to drive the drum (7) to rotate until the speed reaches the set value of the speed; The fourth step is to start the feeding mechanism (4), and the feeding mechanism starts feeding until the feeding rate reaches the set value; The fifth step is to start the air separation fan (4–4) and the screen cleaning fan (8), and the system will send out a reminder alarm; The sixth step is to turn off the alarm sound, put the fresh tea leaves at the front end of the feeding belt (4–3), and the fresh tea leaf grading device starts to automatically classify the fresh tea leaves: the fresh tea leaves are in the feeding mechanism ( 4) Feed at a certain feed rate under the drive. During the process of fresh tea leaves falling from the feed belt (4–3) to the feed slope (6), the fresh tea leaves without buds in the fresh tea leaves will be classified by winnowing. The leaves are separated, and the remaining fresh tea leaves with buds enter the drum (7) for screening and grading, so as to separate the fresh tea leaves of different grades. 6. The fresh tea leaf grading method of a kind of equal-diameter drum type fresh tea leaf grading device according to claim 5, characterized in that the grading parameter values are specifically set as follows: The parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the hand-picked tea fresh leaf classifier is: the drum inclination angle is 6°, the feed rate is 2kg/min, and the drum speed is 8r/min; The parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the machine-picked fresh leaf classifier is: drum inclination angle 6°, feed rate 1.5kg/min, drum speed 16r/min.