CN105553739A - Method and device for tracking MAC addresses - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
- H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for tracking MAC addresses. The method comprises the following steps: for MAC addresses needing to be tracked, traversing in a pre-established binary tree data structure with the MAC addresses as key values; respectively obtaining learning links of the traversed MAC addresses in different VLANs; and determining the physical position information of faulty devices corresponding to the MAC addresses according to the obtained learning links. The method for tracking the MAC addresses provided by the invention is used for tracking according to the pre-established binary tree data structure to obtain pre-tracked MAC addresses and learning the same to obtain the links thereof, so that the learning conditions of the MAC addresses on the devices in a network are tracked, and the fault range is greatly shortened, and thus the physical positions of the faulty devices are located and confirmed as soon as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to network failure detection technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for implementing MAC address tracking.
Background
When a network node fails, it is usually necessary to check whether a Media Access Control (MAC) address drifts by checking a learning condition of the MAC address on a network node device, so as to infer whether a network loop phenomenon occurs. In actual operation, the MAC address learning condition of the network node device needs to be artificially checked and analyzed. However, after finding out the failed MAC address, it is difficult to further confirm the source of the failed MAC address, that is, the learning process of the MAC and the physical port of the corresponding device cannot be completely tracked, which brings a great obstacle to troubleshooting work. Therefore, on one hand, huge workload and troubleshooting difficulty are brought to operation, operation and maintenance personnel, and on the other hand, the correctness of a troubleshooting result is difficult to ensure.
As shown in fig. 1, taking the existing Passive Optical Network (PON) as an example, each PON port on an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at a local end may have at most 64 Optical Network Unit (ONU) devices, and if there are more PON ports, the number of downstream terminal devices hung below the OLT is large, so that it is very difficult to search and track the MAC addresses of the PON devices in a manner of manually checking and analyzing the MAC address learning status of the network node devices at present.
In the existing fault solving measures, the fault equipment is positioned by manual operation of maintenance personnel, that is, the maintenance personnel gradually logs on each equipment (including local side equipment and terminal equipment) to search for a fault MAC address. The upstream device will learn the MAC address on the downstream device most of the time, but in some special cases, there are situations where the MAC address of the downstream device cannot be learned, for example, when the previously learned MAC address is aged but there is no message interaction yet. And therefore cannot track MAC address learning on its downstream end devices. On a common PON device, there are typically about several thousand user devices hanging down, and on a large PON device, there are about several tens of thousands user devices hanging down. According to the existing method for positioning the fault equipment through manual operation of maintenance personnel, finding the equipment corresponding to the fault MAC from the user equipment is a complex process. Finding this MAC address is more difficult to locate.
That is, after finding out the failed MAC address, the prior art cannot directly locate the user-side interface on the terminal device, and thus cannot further confirm the physical location of the failed device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for tracking a MAC address, which can track a learning status of the MAC address on each device in a network, thereby confirming a physical location of a failed device.
In order to achieve the technical purpose of the invention, the invention discloses a method for realizing Media Access Control (MAC) address tracking, which comprises the following steps: for the MAC address needing to be tracked, traversing in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value;
respectively acquiring learning links of each MAC address in different Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) for each MAC address obtained by traversing;
and determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
Optionally, before performing traversal in the pre-established binary tree data structure with the MAC address as the key value, the method further includes: and carrying out MAC address synchronization and storing the synchronized MAC addresses in a binary tree form.
Optionally, the performing MAC address synchronization includes: for the distributed device, the MAC address on each service board, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address, and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding thereto are synchronized to the master control board.
Optionally, the storing the synchronized MAC addresses in the form of a binary tree includes:
and adopting a binary tree data structure, and storing all the synchronized MAC addresses into the binary tree data structure by taking the MAC addresses and the VLAN identifications as main keys.
Optionally, the binary tree is a balanced binary tree AVL.
Optionally, the obtaining, by the MAC addresses obtained through traversal, learning links of the MAC addresses in different VLANs respectively includes:
for each found MAC address, when a port corresponding to the found MAC address is a high-speed Ethernet/gigabit Ethernet FE/GE/10GE type port or an aggregation group port, determining that equipment corresponding to the MAC address is on the upstream of local side convergence equipment in the PON network; when the port corresponding to each searched MAC address is a PON port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is the downstream of the local side convergence equipment, and traversing all downstream terminal equipment to search the terminal equipment corresponding to the MAC address;
and after the corresponding terminal equipment is found, positioning the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address.
The invention also discloses a device for realizing the Media Access Control (MAC) address tracking, which comprises a traversal module, a learning module and a determination module; wherein,
the traversal module is used for traversing the MAC address to be tracked in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value;
the learning module is used for respectively acquiring learning links of the MAC addresses in different VLANs from the traversed MAC addresses;
and the determining module is used for determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
Optionally, the system further includes a synchronization module, configured to perform MAC address synchronization and store the synchronized MAC addresses in a binary tree.
Optionally, the synchronization module is specifically configured to: synchronizing the MAC address on each service board card in the equipment where the equipment is located, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding to the MAC address to the master control board card; and adopting a binary tree data structure to store all the synchronized MAC addresses into the binary tree data structure by taking the MAC addresses and the VLAN identifications as main keys.
Optionally, the learning module is specifically configured to: for each MAC address that is found,
when the port corresponding to the searched MAC address is an FE/GE/10GE type port or an aggregation group port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is positioned at the upstream of the local side convergence equipment in the PON network; when the port corresponding to each searched MAC address is a PON port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is the downstream of the local side convergence equipment, and traversing all downstream terminal equipment to search the terminal equipment corresponding to the MAC address;
and after the corresponding terminal equipment is found, positioning the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address.
The technical scheme of the application includes: for the MAC address needing to be tracked, traversing in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value; respectively acquiring learning links of each MAC address in different VLANs from each MAC address obtained by traversal; and determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link. By the method for realizing the MAC address tracking, the pre-tracked MAC address is tracked according to the pre-established binary tree data structure and learned to the link, the MAC address learning condition on each device in the network is tracked, the fault range is greatly reduced, and the physical position of the fault device is positioned and confirmed as soon as possible.
Further, for the distributed device, the invention also includes MAC address synchronization on the device, and the synchronized MAC addresses are stored in a form of binary tree. In the invention, a binary tree data structure is adopted to store the MAC address information, so that the searching time is shortened as soon as possible, and the MAC address tracking process is quicker.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional PON;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for implementing MAC address tracking according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus for implementing MAC address tracking according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing MAC address tracking according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, including:
step 201: and traversing the MAC address to be tracked in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value.
During query, the situation of the MAC address to be tracked in all VLANs is searched in a pre-established binary tree data structure only by taking the MAC address as a main key, and the searched result is still stored in the binary tree structure. Here, it is considered that the same MAC address may appear in different Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs), and therefore, all the searched MAC addresses and the corresponding switch ports on the switch chip need to be saved. It should be noted that if only one found result is obtained, only a simple data structure is needed to be used for storing, such as a common structure diagram variable.
When the binary tree is traversed by taking the MAC address as the main key in the step, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding to the VLAN are found out.
In the invention, a binary tree data structure is adopted to store the MAC address information, so that the searching time is shortened as soon as possible, and the MAC address tracking process is quicker.
Step 202: and respectively acquiring the learning links of the MAC addresses in different VLANs for the MAC addresses obtained by traversing.
In this step, the MAC addresses found in step 201 are processed one by one:
for a specific type of device, the switching port has a fixed correspondence with the corresponding panel port on the board card panel, and the device has recorded the correspondence into the system during initialization, so that the panel port corresponding to the switching port corresponding to the MAC address found by traversal of the present invention can be determined by searching the record, and thus, the following processing modes are respectively performed according to the port types corresponding to the found MAC addresses:
if the corresponding panel port is an ethernet type port or an aggregation group port such as a high speed ethernet/gigabit ethernet (FE/GE/10GE), the source port of the MAC address corresponds to a network side interface, which indicates that the device corresponding to the MAC address is an upstream device of a local side convergence device, such as the OLT device in fig. 1;
if the corresponding panel port is a PON port, it indicates that the device corresponding to the MAC address is a local side convergence device, such as the downstream of the OLT device in the PON network shown in fig. 1; at this time, the method further comprises: further traversing all terminal devices such as ONU devices, for example, all ONU devices under the PON port in fig. 1, to find the ONU device corresponding to the MAC address. Taking a PON as an example, the search is still performed in a traversal manner, and a correspondence table between the MAC address and the ONU device is stored in advance in a PON chip located in the OLT device, where the correspondence table is a Hash (Hash) data structure in a general case;
after finding out the corresponding terminal device, such as the ONU device, the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address is further located, as shown in fig. 1. On the ONU device, the corresponding relationship between the MAC address and the user side interface is also recorded, and the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address can be found only by traversing the corresponding relationship table once.
Therefore, a process of tracking the MAC address is completed, and a complete MAC address learning link is also clear.
In the invention, the equipment types corresponding to the traversed MAC addresses are firstly screened in a mode of respectively processing the port types corresponding to the searched MAC addresses, so that the fault equipment is searched in a smaller range, and the tracking efficiency of the fault equipment corresponding to the MAC addresses is improved.
It should be noted that, in the learning process, the switching function chip in each level of device is responsible for hardware learning, and when querying, the switching function chip can be read from the hardware chip into system software for processing. In the PON, a general learning link is PC- > corridor exchange- > ONU terminal- > PON board-master control board. There may be more complicated learning links in ad hoc networks, such as in broadcast television networks, which may also include set-top boxes, television sets, and the like. Taking picking up an ONU terminal at one level as an example, a message of a down-hanging PC is transmitted to the ONU terminal through a corridor switch, and when the message reaches the ONU terminal for the first time, an exchange chip of the ONU terminal records a source MAC address in the message and a VLAN and a port number corresponding to the source MAC address in an MAC address table of the exchange chip; thus, when tracing to this stage, the system software will read the MAC addresses from the switch chip one by one.
Step 203: and determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
According to the learning links of the searched MAC addresses in different VLANs analyzed one by one in step 202, the failure device in the network can be automatically determined according to the obtained learning links, which specifically includes:
still taking the PON as an example, in the maintenance site, in corresponding step 201 to step 202, the maintenance personnel may determine the MAC address of the faulty device by using a function such as loop detection on the OLT, and after the operation and maintenance personnel inputs the MAC address, the device will automatically track the MAC address of the faulty device, and finally feed back the learning link tracking result of the faulty device to the operation and maintenance personnel. Thus, after tracing is completed, in step 203, the user-side port or the network-side port corresponding to the MAC address to be traced is also apparent: if the device corresponding to the MAC address has a fault, the installation record can be directly inquired, the physical position of the fault device is determined, and then the corresponding user is searched under the corresponding port.
Preferably, the technical solution of the present invention is mainly directed to a PON network, where a PON device includes an EPON and a GPON device, and the method of the present invention may be implemented in the PON device.
By the method for realizing the MAC address tracking, the pre-tracked MAC address is tracked according to the pre-established binary tree data structure and learned to the link, the MAC address learning condition on each device in the network is tracked, the fault range is greatly reduced, and the physical position of the fault device is positioned and confirmed as soon as possible.
The invention also comprises the following steps 200: MAC address synchronization is performed on the device, and the synchronized MAC addresses are stored in a binary tree form.
For distributed devices (i.e., frame-type devices), the MAC address on each service board, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address, and the switch port on the switch chip corresponding to the MAC address are synchronized to the master board. The main control board card is generally located in the middle of the machine frame type equipment, but some designs can also design the main control board card to one side of the machine frame, and in order to avoid missing an MAC address, the main control board card can be used as the last board card to be synchronized. The MAC addresses on the service boards may be synchronized to the master board by using a plurality of synchronization methods, for example: MAC address information can be transmitted to the main control board card one by one from the service board card by means of inter-board communication in an RPC communication mode.
For the box type equipment, the service board card is not involved, so that the synchronization process in the step is not needed.
After all MAC addresses are synchronously gathered to the main control board card, a binary tree data structure, particularly a balanced binary tree (AVL) data structure is adopted, and the synchronized MAC addresses are stored in the binary tree data structure by taking (MAC address + VLAN), namely MAC address and VLAN identification as main keys.
The AVL tree is a binary ordering tree, which can keep the self high balance, so that the search and insertion of the tree are fast. Those skilled in the art also know that, in order to maintain the tree balance, operations for maintaining the tree balance are also performed during the tree node insertion and deletion processes. The AVL tree was invented by the former Soviet Union G.M.Adelson-Velskii and E.M.Landis in 1962, and this structure is the first data structure invented in computer science with self-balancing characteristics. The look-up, insert and delete in the AVL tree are both O (logn) in the average and worst case, where one skilled in the art knows that the character "O" is one character used in evaluating the time complexity of the algorithm, and that adding and deleting may require rebalancing the tree through one or more tree rotations.
By adopting a binary tree data structure, when a node is inserted into a tree by taking (MAC address + VLAN) as a main key, because the same MAC address may appear on different service boards, if the node is detected to exist, the MAC address is synchronized from other service boards before, and the existing MAC address is directly discarded. By processing in this way, repeated MAC addresses are reasonably eliminated, and the aim of duplicate removal is well fulfilled.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus for implementing MAC address tracking according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus at least includes: the device comprises a traversing module, a learning module and a determining module; wherein,
the traversal module is used for traversing the MAC address to be tracked in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value;
and the learning module is used for respectively acquiring the learning links of the MAC addresses in different VLANs from the traversed MAC addresses.
And the determining module is used for determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
Wherein,
the learning module is specifically configured to: aiming at each searched MAC address, when the port corresponding to the searched MAC address is an Ethernet type port or an aggregation group port such as FE/GE/10GE, and the like, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC is positioned at the upstream of the local side convergence equipment in the PON network; when the found port corresponding to each MAC address is a PON port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is the downstream of the local side convergence equipment, and traversing all downstream terminal equipment to find the terminal equipment corresponding to the MAC address, such as ONU equipment; after finding the corresponding terminal device, the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address is located, as shown in fig. 1.
The device also comprises a synchronization module used for carrying out MAC address synchronization and storing the synchronized MAC addresses in a binary tree form. The method is specifically used for:
synchronizing the MAC address on each service board card in the equipment where the synchronization module is located, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding to the MAC address to the master control board card; all MAC addresses are stored in a binary tree data structure with (MAC address + VLAN), i.e. MAC address and VLAN identification, as primary keys using the binary tree data structure.
The device provided by the invention can be arranged in each device in the network.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for implementing Media Access Control (MAC) address tracking, comprising: for the MAC address needing to be tracked, traversing in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value;
respectively acquiring learning links of each MAC address in different Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) for each MAC address obtained by traversing;
and determining the physical position information of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before traversing in a pre-established binary tree data structure with the MAC address as a key value, further comprising: and carrying out MAC address synchronization and storing the synchronized MAC addresses in a binary tree form.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing MAC address synchronization comprises: for the distributed device, the MAC address on each service board, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address, and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding thereto are synchronized to the master control board.
4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein storing the synchronized-out MAC addresses in a binary tree form comprises:
and adopting a binary tree data structure, and storing all the synchronized MAC addresses into the binary tree data structure by taking the MAC addresses and the VLAN identifications as main keys.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the binary tree is a balanced binary tree (AVL).
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the obtaining learning links of the traversed MAC addresses in different VLANs respectively comprises:
for each found MAC address, when a port corresponding to the found MAC address is a high-speed Ethernet/gigabit Ethernet FE/GE/10GE type port or an aggregation group port, determining that equipment corresponding to the MAC address is on the upstream of local side convergence equipment in the PON network; when the port corresponding to each searched MAC address is a PON port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is the downstream of the local side convergence equipment, and traversing all downstream terminal equipment to search the terminal equipment corresponding to the MAC address;
and after the corresponding terminal equipment is found, positioning the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address.
7. The device for realizing Media Access Control (MAC) address tracking is characterized by comprising a traversal module, a learning module and a determination module; wherein,
the traversal module is used for traversing the MAC address to be tracked in a pre-established binary tree data structure by taking the MAC address as a key value;
the learning module is used for respectively acquiring learning links of the MAC addresses in different VLANs from the traversed MAC addresses;
and the determining module is used for determining the physical address of the equipment with the fault corresponding to the MAC address according to the obtained learning link.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a synchronization module configured to perform MAC address synchronization and store the synchronized MAC addresses in a binary tree.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the synchronization module is specifically configured to: synchronizing the MAC address on each service board card in the equipment where the equipment is located, the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address and the switching port on the switching chip corresponding to the MAC address to the master control board card; and adopting a binary tree data structure to store all the synchronized MAC addresses into the binary tree data structure by taking the MAC addresses and the VLAN identifications as main keys.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the learning module is specifically configured to: for each MAC address that is found,
when the port corresponding to the searched MAC address is an FE/GE/10GE type port or an aggregation group port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is positioned at the upstream of the local side convergence equipment in the PON network; when the port corresponding to each searched MAC address is a PON port, determining that the equipment corresponding to the MAC address is the downstream of the local side convergence equipment, and traversing all downstream terminal equipment to search the terminal equipment corresponding to the MAC address;
and after the corresponding terminal equipment is found, positioning the user side interface corresponding to the MAC address.
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| CN111737238A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-10-02 | 深圳震有科技股份有限公司 | MAC table query method, switch and storage medium |
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