CN105551919B - Method for determining characteristic parameters of resonant cavity of klystron - Google Patents
Method for determining characteristic parameters of resonant cavity of klystron Download PDFInfo
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- CN105551919B CN105551919B CN201511010305.1A CN201511010305A CN105551919B CN 105551919 B CN105551919 B CN 105551919B CN 201511010305 A CN201511010305 A CN 201511010305A CN 105551919 B CN105551919 B CN 105551919B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining characteristic parameters of a resonant cavity of a klystron. In the method for determining the characteristic parameters of the resonant cavity of the klystron, the characteristic parameters of the resonant cavity of the klystron comprise a resonant frequency of a resonant cavity body and quality factors of the resonant cavity. The method comprises a group time delay curve measurement step, namely measuring a group time delay curve of the resonant cavity to determine the resonant frequency and a coupling state of the resonant cavity body, a standing-wave ratio curve measurement step, namely measuring a standing-wave ratio curve of the resonant cavity, and a characteristic parameter determining step, namely determining the quality factors of the resonant cavity according to the measurement results of the standing-wave ratio curve and the resonant frequency and the coupling state of the resonant cavity body. The method disclosed by the invention can be applicable to over-coupled and under-coupled resonant cavities, effectively overcomes the defect that the group time delay curve is only meaningful to the over-coupled resonant cavity in the prior art, and can be used for determining and optimizing the characteristic parameters of the high-loss resonant cavity of the klystron.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave and millimeter wave electron tube technical field, more particularly to klystron cavity characterisitic parameter
Determination method.
Background technology
Klystron has been developed into from initial simple double cavity klystron since nineteen thirty-nine is born, and generally adopted at present
The various complicated high frequencies such as multi-gap cavity are loaded with reentry type cylindrical cavity, coaxial cavity, dumb-bell shape chamber, extension interaction chamber, wave filter
In the stage of structure, it is adapted with this, electronics note form then includes single note, many notes and ribbon beam scheme.Klystron can produce height
The pulse of frequency or continuous wave power are exported, simultaneously because the characteristics of its own structure-electron gun, interaction region and collector
It is separated from each other, thus there is power capacity and reliability very high again.Klystron is used as a kind of high power, high-gain and high efficiency
Microwave, millimeterware amplifiers part, while having stable and reliable in work and long-life advantage concurrently, this makes it in scientific research, state
Anti- construction and field of industrial production are obtained a wide range of applications.At present, by developing new design tool and the new technique of application
Means, further related section of each major country is still by the working frequency of klystron to submillimeter wave and Terahertz frequency range lifting
Grind the study hotspot of mechanism.
The resonator of klystron notes interaction and carries out energy exchange by gap electrical field and electronics, in input cavity, outside feedback
The exciting power for entering sets up time-varying electric field in resonance cavity gap, and incident DC electronic note is modulated, and is allowed to axial speed
Degree changes；In buncher, electronics with harmonic current component note encourage chamber field, and is modulated by chamber field in turn
And obtain further clustering；In output cavity, the electronics note of height clustering is slowed down by the chamber of opposite in phase and outwards surrenders
Energy, the electromagnetic wave of amplification is exported to load by waveguide.Therefore, the characterisitic parameter of cavity notes the effect of ripple interaction to klystron
Rate has a major impact, and then decides the quality of device overall performance.Among these, the characteristic impedance of resonator depends on cavity knot
Structure, determines substantially in the design phase, and resonant frequency and quality factor then need to carry out actual measurement and adjust accordingly.
Especially for input, output cavity, due to there is energy exchange with external circuit, the accurate measurement of above-mentioned parameter will more attach most importance to
Will.
(Group delay time method solves klystron output cavity to the paper that CAS Electronics Research Institute delivered in 2007
Apparent quality factor Qext, Zhang Ding, Cao Jing, Miao Yizhen etc., vacuum science and Technology, Vol.27, No.5, pp.391-
394) a kind of method for determining resonator frequency and apparent quality factor is described in, with reference to Fig. 1.In the method, exist first
The threedimensional model of resonator is set up in electromagnetic analysis software CST, group delay curve, group delay peak of curve position are calculated by software
Put corresponding abscissa f0The as resonant frequency of cavity, by peak of curve τgSubstitute into formula Q=π f0τg/ 2 can calculate it is humorous
Shake the apparent quality factor in chamber.By the article pointed out, by with reflected phase method acquired results in experimental result and ISFEL3D
Compare, the correctness and validity of the method are verified.And then deduce, can be directly using CST softwares to resonator
Concrete structure does further optimization.
The method described for above-mentioned Zhang Ding et al., its premise set up is the natural quality factor Q of output cavity0It is much larger than
Apparent quality factor Qe, i.e., the forfeiture of energy of electromagnetic field is mostly derived from the own loss of supply external loading rather than cavity in chamber.
But in millimeter travelling wave klystron, resonator volume very little and be improve characteristic impedance frequently with Multiple level structure, now, in view of high
Loss of the frequency electromagnetic field in metal surface is larger, while being accompanied by inner cavity surface accumulates increased unfavorable factor, thus is possible to
Cause the Q of resonator0With QeNumerically approach, or even Q occur0<QeSituation, now, Zhang Ding et al. described method is no longer
It is applicable.
From the flow of the above method, designer seems result processing that can directly according to electromagnetic analysis software CST
The structure of actual cavity.In fact, because the result accuracy of numerical computations software depend heavilys on grid cutting algorithm, net
The processing method of lattice quantity, the degree of approximation of CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION and complex boundary, therefore, directing actual cavity design concretely
When, it is necessary first to its accuracy is verified by the comparison with experimental result, afterwards in suitable parameter setting and working environment
Lower that just further cavity body structure can be optimized, especially for complex-shaped high-frequency resonator, this process is very
It is important, generally can not omit.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the above mentioned problem in correlation technique, the present invention provides the determination side of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter
Method, the present invention can be applicable the resonator of overcoupling and undercoupling, effectively overcome group delay curve in the prior art only right
The significant shortcoming of overcoupling resonator, can be used for the determination and optimization of klystron loss resonator characterisitic parameter high.
(2) technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter, klystron resonance
Chamber characterisitic parameter includes the quality factor of the resonant frequency resonant cavity of the resonator cavity, and methods described includes following step
Suddenly：Group delay curved measurement step, in this step, measures the group delay curve of resonator, to determine the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state；Standing-wave ratio curved measurement step, in this step, measures the standing-wave ratio curve of resonator；With
And characterisitic parameter determines step, in this step, according to the measurement result to standing-wave ratio curve and the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state, determine the quality factor of resonator.
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator include resonator natural quality factor Q0, wherein, in group delay curved measurement
In step, the abscissa f at the peak value of collection of record time lag curve0As the resonant frequency of resonator cavity, and by resonator
The couple state of body is designated as β, and shows resonator cavity overcoupling, i.e. β when group delay curve has posivtive spike>1；As group
Extension curve shows resonator cavity undercoupling, i.e. β when having negative peak<1, wherein, the standing-wave ratio curved measurement step includes：Really
Determine standing-wave minimum S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding；On standing-wave ratio curve, staying
Ripple smallest point S0The selected standing-wave ratio in top is SxHorizontal line, standing-wave ratio is SxHorizontal line and standing-wave ratio curve intersection in frequency
Respectively f1And f22 points, and meet relation f1<f0<f2；Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step is humorous including being calculated as follows
The chamber natural quality factor of shaking Q0：
Wherein, Δ f=f2-f1；In β>β=S when 10, in β<β=1/S when 10。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator loaded quality factor QL, wherein, the characterisitic parameter is true
Determining step includes being calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator external sort factor Qe, wherein, the characterisitic parameter is true
Determining step includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
Preferably, it is characterised in that the quality factor of resonator include resonator loaded quality factor QL, wherein, in group
In time lag curve measuring process, the couple state of resonator cavity is determined when group delay curve has posivtive spike for overcoupling, note
Record the abscissa f at the peak value of group delay curve0Used as the resonant frequency of resonator cavity, the peak value of group delay curve is corresponding
Group delay τg>0, wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
QL=π f0τg/2。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator natural quality factor Q0, wherein, the standing-wave ratio curve
Measuring process includes：Determine standing-wave minimum S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding；Wherein,
The characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator natural quality factor Q0：
Q0=(1+S0)QL。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator external sort factor Qe, wherein, the characterisitic parameter is true
Determining step includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
(3) beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
A, by experiment determine resonator characterisitic parameter during, judge cavity by measuring group delay curve first
Couple state, afterwards again by measuring standing-wave ratio curve, chooses some data points from standing-wave ratio curve, and then by formula one by one
Calculate the quality factor of cavity.The method can be applicable the resonator of overcoupling and undercoupling, effectively overcome group delay
Curve is particularly suitable for klystron loss resonator high only to the significant shortcoming of overcoupling resonator.Due to working in high frequency
Often there is undercoupling because of a variety of causes such as surface loss is excessive, the off size reasons of coupling aperture in the labyrinth resonator of section, thus
Method of the present invention has more common of meaning.
B, method of the present invention give a kind of flow for designing klystron cavity, soft first by emi analysis
Part carries out initial physical Design to cavity, then completes structure design accordingly and process the cold survey model of assembling；Then, by mould
The accurate experiment measurement of type determines the fundamental characteristics parameter of resonator, and then the related of corrected Calculation software is set；Ensuring to imitate
On the basis of very consistent with experimental result, by adjusting structural model repeatedly, optimization design goes out the satisfactory resonator of performance.
The link that software emulation is compared with experiment measurement is contained in the method, and is repaiied in view of to the basic setup in software
Just, thus design cycle is more scientific and reasonable, acquired results are more accurate credible.This extension in high-frequency klystron is developed
The complexity such as Multiple level dumb-bell shape resonator, the truss structures with tuned window in interaction oscillator, Sheet beam klystron
It is essential step during structural cavity body.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow chart of klystron cavity method for designing of prior art.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of measurement for klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention and excellent
The flow chart of the method for change.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of stream of the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of stream of the optimization method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 5 is the connection signal for klystron cavity measurement experiment system according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure.
Fig. 6 is the example of actual measurement undercoupling resonator group delay curve according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the example of actual measurement overcoupling resonator group delay curve according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the example of actual measurement resonator standing-wave ratio curve according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is according to an embodiment of the invention to choose some data points on standing-wave ratio curve to calculate resonator
The schematic diagram of natural quality factor.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.In accompanying drawing of the invention, identical label represents identical part.
In the present invention, klystron cavity characterisitic parameter includes the resonant frequency f of the resonator cavity0Resonant cavity
Quality factor.Preferably, the quality factor of resonator include resonator natural quality factor Q0, resonator external sort factor
Qe, resonator loaded quality factor QL.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the klystron cavity characterisitic parameter in the present invention
The resonant frequency f of resonator cavity can be included0, resonator natural quality factor Q0, resonator external sort factor Qe, resonance
Chamber loaded quality factor QLThis any one of four or several.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of measurement for klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention and excellent
The flow chart of the method for change.
A kind of method of measurement and optimization for klystron cavity characterisitic parameter of one embodiment of the present of invention, tool
Body flow is as shown in Figure 2.The composition of experimental measurement system is as shown in figure 5, same including resonator to be measured 1, output waveguide 2, waveguide
Axle changes 3 and vector network analyzer (arrow net) 4.
In klystron, there is energy exchange in input cavity and output cavity, thus have following relational expressions with the external world：
Wherein, QLIt is resonator loaded quality factor.As shown in figure 5, having load by what single port method was measured using arrow net
Quality factor are QLBut, work as Q0>>QeWhen, can approx think Qe≈QL, here it is foundation during measurement low-loss cavity
Principle.Natural quality factor Q0Bigger, approximate order of accuarcy is better.
For height loss resonator, if the group delay curve that arrow net is measured is presented negative peak, as shown in fig. 6, then cannot be by song
Line peak value τg(τg<0) loaded quality factor Q is directly calculatedL, this respective chamber Q0<QeSituation, now, resonator itself
Loss is excessive, it is difficult to the built-in vertical sufficiently strong gap field in chamber and effectively extract beam energy.In order to accurately obtain loss high
The resonant frequency f of resonator0, resonator quality factor (especially, natural quality factor Q0With external sort factor Qe), carry
For a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of stream of the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
Cheng Tu.
As shown in figure 3, the method is comprised the following steps：Group delay curved measurement step 310, in this step, measures humorous
Shake the group delay curve in chamber, to determine the resonant frequency and couple state of the resonator cavity；Standing-wave ratio curved measurement step
320, in this step, measure the standing-wave ratio curve of resonator；And characterisitic parameter determines step 330, in this step, according to
The resonant frequency and couple state of measurement result and the resonator cavity to standing-wave ratio curve, determine the quality of resonator
Factor.
Preferably, in a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
In, the quality factor of resonator include resonator natural quality factor Q0.Preferably, in group delay curved measurement step 310,
Abscissa f at the peak value of collection of record time lag curve0As the resonant frequency of resonator cavity, and by the coupling of resonator cavity
State is designated as β, and shows resonator cavity overcoupling, i.e. β when group delay curve has posivtive spike>1；When group delay curve tool
Show resonator cavity undercoupling, i.e. β when having negative peak<1.Preferably, standing-wave ratio curved measurement step 320 includes：Determine standing wave
Smallest point S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding；It is minimum in standing wave on standing-wave ratio curve
Point S0The selected standing-wave ratio in top is SxHorizontal line, standing-wave ratio is SxHorizontal line be respectively in frequency with standing-wave ratio curve intersection
f1And f22 points, and meet relation f1<f0<f2；Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes that being calculated as follows resonator consolidates
There is quality factor q0：
Wherein, Δ f=f2-f1；In β>β=S when 10, in β<β=1/S when 10。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator loaded quality factor QL.Preferably, characterisitic parameter determines
Step 330 includes being calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator external sort factor Qe.Preferably, characterisitic parameter determines
Step 330 includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator include resonator loaded quality factor QL.Preferably, of the invention
In a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter of another embodiment, in group delay curved measurement step 310,
The couple state of resonator cavity is determined when group delay curve has posivtive spike for overcoupling, at the peak value of collection of record time lag curve
Abscissa f0As the resonant frequency of resonator cavity, the corresponding group delay τ of peak value of group delay curveg>0.Preferably, it is special
Property parameter determination 330 include be calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
QL=π f0τg/2。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator natural quality factor Q0.Preferably, standing-wave ratio curve is surveyed
Amount step 320 includes：Determine standing-wave minimum S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding.It is preferred that
Ground, characterisitic parameter determines that step 330 includes being calculated as follows resonator natural quality factor Q0：
Q0=(1+S0)QL。
Preferably, the quality factor of resonator also include resonator external sort factor Qe.Preferably, characterisitic parameter determines
Step 330 includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
Fig. 4 shows a kind of stream of the optimization method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
Cheng Tu.
As shown in figure 4, a kind of optimization method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to an embodiment of the invention
Comprise the following steps：
Step 410, obtains the initial characteristic parameter of klystron cavity；
Step 420, the characterisitic parameter of klystron cavity is determined using method according to claim 1；And
Step 430, initial characteristic parameter is compared with identified characterisitic parameter, according to comparative result come to klystron
Resonator characterisitic parameter is optimized.
The present invention can be applicable the resonator of overcoupling and undercoupling, effectively overcome group delay curve in the prior art
Only to the significant shortcoming of overcoupling resonator, can be used for the determination and optimization of klystron loss resonator characterisitic parameter high.
Shown in Fig. 2 of the present invention for klystron in the method for measurement and the optimization of loss resonator characterisitic parameter high,
Combine the determination of the according to an embodiment of the invention a kind of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter illustrated above by reference to Fig. 3
The optimization side of method and according to an embodiment of the invention a kind of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter of the explanation of reference picture 4
Method.
Specifically, in order to accurately obtain the resonant frequency f that resonator is lost high0, natural quality factor Q0And external sort
Factor Qe, and resonator is optimized, as shown in Figure 2 is according to an embodiment of the invention a kind of high for klystron
The method that measurement and the optimization of resonator characterisitic parameter is lost may include steps of：
1) zoom in and out or redesign by existing cavity, rational calculating is set in 3 D electromagnetic analysis software
Environment simultaneously sets up cavity resonator structure model, and optimized acquired character parameter substantially conforms to the initial knot of desired klystron cavity
Structure parameter.
2) initial configuration completion structure design according to resonator, part are processed and assemble cold survey model.
3) the cold model of surveying of resonator for assembling is measured using arrow net, it is specific as follows：
3a) as shown in Figure 5, arrow net 4 is connected with resonator to be measured 1, group delay curve is measured by single port method, such as schemed
Shown in 7.Abscissa f at recording curve peak value0, now understanding, resonant frequency is f0, there is curve posivtive spike to show
Cavity overcoupling, if the corresponding group delay τ of peak of curveg>0, then resonator loaded quality factor QLCan be calculated by following formula：
QL=π f0τg/2
In formula, frequency f is generally taken0Unit be GHz, group delay τgUnit be ns, then can directly obtain nondimensional QL
Value.
Under more general case of the present invention, by the measurement to group delay curve, except determining resonant frequently
Rate f0Outside, main purpose is the couple state for judging resonator：There is curve posivtive spike to show cavity overcoupling, i.e. cavity
Natural quality factor Q0More than external sort factor Qe；There is curve negative peak to show cavity undercoupling, i.e. cavity natural quality factor
Q0Less than external sort factor Qe。
3b) keep arrow net 4 constant with the connection status of resonator to be measured 1, standing-wave ratio curve is measured by single port method, such as scheme
Shown in 8.Standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of input cavity0It is corresponding.With reference to Fig. 9, in smallest point S0Top do a standing wave
Than being SxHorizontal line and standing-wave ratio curve intersection be respectively f in frequency1And f22 points, and meet relation f1<f0<f2, record
S now0、Sx、f0、f1And f2Numerical value.
4) synthesis 3b) in the measurement result and 3a of standing-wave ratio curve) in by group delay curve to cavity couple state
The judgement done, can calculate resonator natural quality factor Q0Numerical value, i.e.,
Wherein, Δ f=f2-f1；β represents couple state, in overcoupling β>β=S when 10, in undercoupling β<β=1/S when 10；
SxIt is arbitrarily selected standing wave ratio.
For the loaded quality factor Q of resonatorLWith external sort factor Qe, further can be calculated by following formula：
So far, the characterisitic parameter f of resonator is obtained by testing measurement and subsequent arithmetic0、Q0、QLAnd QeNumber
Value.
5) the resonator characterisitic parameter that will be obtained according to software emulation compares with experimental result, if the two is in the presence of poor
It is different, then set by changing the correlation in electromagnetic analysis software (including check trellis-type, number of grid, boundary condition, structure
Whether details omits) calculating is re-started, if the two coincide preferably, into next step.
6) maintain the related parameter rational software environment of setting constant, the critical feature size of resonator is adjusted, by anti-
Multiple optimization modification, obtains the simulation result that all characterisitic parameters meet target call, completes the design of klystron cavity.
Below, to speed according to an embodiment of the invention by taking the analysis result of certain X-band klystron cavity as an example
The determination method of pipe resonator characterisitic parameter is adjusted to be described further.For undercoupling (β<1) cavity, correspondence is measured by arrow net
Frequency f at cavity standing-wave ratio curve smallest point0=10.268GHz, the standing-wave ratio S of the point0=5.6, when taking different SxValue
When, the result of calculation of gained is listed in Table 1, it is seen that these results have good uniformity.For overcoupling (β>1) chamber
Body, f is learnt by the standing-wave ratio curve for measuring0=10.066GHz and S0=4.7, corresponding result of calculation is listed in Table 2.It is right
In the normal cavity of overcoupling, Q is measured using phase method on the net in arrowL=439.2, calculated by standing-wave ratio curve in this and table 2
The result for going out meets very well, and this demonstrates the determination side according to klystron cavity characterisitic parameter of the invention from another point of view
It is correct that method is analyzed to cavity properties.
The quality factor of the undercoupling resonator that table 1 is obtained by standing-wave ratio curve
The quality factor of the overcoupling resonator that table 2 is obtained by standing-wave ratio curve
Other preferred embodiments of the invention：
(1) for the intermediate cavity in the absence of coupling aperture, the energy of resonator is only lost on cavity inner wall, thus QL=Q0
And Qe=∞.Now, to cavity resonant frequency f0With natural quality factor Q0Measurement can use Half-power points.
(2) for the resonator of overcoupling, the resonant frequency f of cavity can be directly obtained by group delay curve0And have
Carry quality factor qL, then from read frequency f on standing-wave ratio curve0The standing-wave ratio S at place0, then can directly be calculated by two following formulas
The natural quality factor Q of cavity0With external sort factor Qe, i.e.,：
Q0=(1+S0)QL
In overcoupling resonator, group delay curve has actual physical significance, and this helps to simplify calculating process.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
A, by experiment determine resonator characterisitic parameter during, judge cavity by measuring group delay curve first
Couple state, afterwards again by measuring standing-wave ratio curve, chooses some data points from standing-wave ratio curve, and then by formula one by one
Calculate the quality factor of cavity.The method can be applicable the resonator of overcoupling and undercoupling, effectively overcome group delay
Curve is only to the significant shortcoming of overcoupling resonator.Due to working in the labyrinth resonator of high band often because of surface loss
There is undercoupling in a variety of causes such as the off size reason of excessive, coupling aperture, thus method of the present invention have it is more common of
Meaning.
B, method of the present invention give a kind of flow for designing klystron cavity, soft first by emi analysis
Part carries out initial physical Design to cavity, then completes structure design accordingly and process the cold survey model of assembling；Then, by mould
The accurate experiment measurement of type determines the fundamental characteristics parameter of resonator, and then the related of corrected Calculation software is set；Ensuring to imitate
On the basis of very consistent with experimental result, by adjusting structural model repeatedly, optimization design goes out the satisfactory resonator of performance.
The link that software emulation is compared with experiment measurement is contained in the method, and is repaiied in view of to the basic setup in software
Just, thus design cycle is more scientific and reasonable, acquired results are more accurate credible.This extension in high-frequency klystron is developed
The complexity such as Multiple level dumb-bell shape resonator, the truss structures with tuned window in interaction oscillator, Sheet beam klystron
It is essential step during structural cavity body.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further in detail to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail bright, should be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiment of the invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter, it is characterised in that klystron cavity characterisitic parameter includes
The quality factor of the resonant frequency resonant cavity of the resonator cavity, the described method comprises the following steps：
Group delay curved measurement step, in this step, measures the group delay curve of resonator, to determine the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state；
Standing-wave ratio curved measurement step, in this step, measures the standing-wave ratio curve of resonator；And
Characterisitic parameter determines step, in this step, according to the measurement result to standing-wave ratio curve and the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state, determine the quality factor of resonator；
Wherein, the quality factor of resonator include resonator natural quality factor Q0,
Wherein, in group delay curved measurement step, the abscissa f at the peak value of collection of record time lag curve0As resonator cavity
Resonant frequency, and the couple state of resonator cavity is designated as β, and show resonator when group delay curve has posivtive spike
Cavity overcoupling, i.e. β>1；Show resonator cavity undercoupling, i.e. β when group delay curve has negative peak<1,
Wherein, the standing-wave ratio curved measurement step includes：
Determine standing-wave minimum S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding；
On standing-wave ratio curve, in standing-wave minimum S0The selected standing-wave ratio in top is SxHorizontal line, standing-wave ratio is SxHorizontal line
With standing-wave ratio curve intersection f is respectively in frequency1And f22 points, and meet relation f1<f0<f2；
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator natural quality factor Q0：
Wherein, Δ f=f2-f1；In β>β=S when 10, in β<β=1/S when 10。
2. the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the product of resonator
Prime factor also includes resonator loaded quality factor QL,
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
3. the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the product of resonator
Prime factor also includes resonator external sort factor Qe,
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
4. a kind of determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter, it is characterised in that klystron cavity characterisitic parameter includes
The quality factor of the resonant frequency resonant cavity of the resonator cavity, the described method comprises the following steps：
Group delay curved measurement step, in this step, measures the group delay curve of resonator, to determine the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state；
Standing-wave ratio curved measurement step, in this step, measures the standing-wave ratio curve of resonator；And
Characterisitic parameter determines step, in this step, according to the measurement result to standing-wave ratio curve and the resonator cavity
Resonant frequency and couple state, determine the quality factor of resonator；
Wherein, the quality factor of resonator include resonator loaded quality factor QL,
Wherein, in group delay curved measurement step, the coupling shape of resonator cavity is determined when group delay curve has posivtive spike
State is overcoupling, the abscissa f at the peak value of collection of record time lag curve0Used as the resonant frequency of resonator cavity, group delay is bent
The corresponding group delay τ of peak value of lineg>0,
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator loaded quality factor QL：
QL=π f0τg/2。
5. the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the product of resonator
Prime factor also includes resonator natural quality factor Q0,
Wherein, the standing-wave ratio curved measurement step includes：
Determine standing-wave minimum S0, standing-wave minimum S0With the resonant frequency f of resonator cavity0It is corresponding；
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator natural quality factor Q0：
Q0=(1+S0)QL。
6. the determination method of klystron cavity characterisitic parameter according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the product of resonator
Prime factor also includes resonator external sort factor Qe,
Wherein, the characterisitic parameter determines that step includes being calculated as follows resonator external sort factor Qe：
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