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Low-carbon-source municipal sewage improved UCT autotrophic denitrification dephosphorization device and application method thereof
Description
translated from Chinese
技术领域technical field
本发明属于污水生物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种连续流反硝化除磷和短程硝化厌氧氨氧化技术处理低碳源城市污水的同步脱氮除磷方法，The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage biological treatment, and in particular relates to a simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal method for treating low-carbon source urban sewage by continuous-flow denitrification and phosphorus removal and short-range nitrification anammox technology.
背景技术Background technique
全球变暖和环境污染是当前国际关心的热点话题。对于污水生物处理，在防止氮磷排放导致水体富营养化的同时，如何节约能耗和降低温室气体的排放成了行业发展急需解决的关键问题。传统的污水生物脱氮工艺，大多基于好氧硝化和异养反硝化开发的工艺(典型的代表如A/O、A2/O工艺)。好氧硝化过程中，需要充足的曝气保证氨氧化菌(AOB,Ammoniaoxidationbacteria)和亚硝化氧化菌(NOB,Nitriteoxidationbacteria)的正常生长代谢，以实现氨氮(NH4 +)向亚硝态氮(NO2 -)和硝态氮(NO3 -)的转化；反硝化过程中，为实现高效脱氮，通常需要投加大量的外碳源(如甲醇)以实现NO3 -和NO2 -向氮气(N2)的转化。可见，在传统生物脱氮过程中，需要耗费大量的能源和碳源。此外，在好氧硝化和异养反硝化的过程中，由于不利条件(如低溶解氧(DO)、NO2 -积累、低C/N比)的诱导，会明显释放强温室气体N2O。据报道，N2O的温室效应比CO2强200～300倍，过去20年全球对流层中N2O的浓度以每年0.25％的速率增长。因此，面向节能减排(特指节约曝气能耗、降低温室气体释放)的污水生物处理技术将会顺应行业的发展，成为新一代主流的工艺。Global warming and environmental pollution are currently hot topics of international concern. For sewage biological treatment, while preventing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from causing eutrophication of water bodies, how to save energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become a key issue that needs to be solved urgently for the development of the industry. Traditional wastewater biological denitrification processes are mostly based on aerobic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification (typical representatives such as A/O, A 2 /O processes). In the process of aerobic nitrification, sufficient aeration is required to ensure the normal growth and metabolism of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB, Ammoniaooxidationbacteria) and nitrous oxidation bacteria (NOB, Nitriteoxidationbacteria), so as to realize the conversion of ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + ) to nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 - ) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - ); In the process of denitrification, in order to achieve efficient denitrification, it is usually necessary to add a large amount of external carbon source (such as methanol) to realize the transformation of NO 3 - and NO 2 - into nitrogen Conversion of ( N2 ). It can be seen that a large amount of energy and carbon sources are consumed in the traditional biological denitrification process. In addition, during the process of aerobic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification, the strong greenhouse gas N2O will be obviously released due to the induction of unfavorable conditions (such as low dissolved oxygen (DO), NO2- accumulation , low C/N ratio ) . It is reported that the greenhouse effect of N 2 O is 200-300 times stronger than that of CO 2 , and the concentration of N 2 O in the global troposphere has increased at a rate of 0.25% per year in the past 20 years. Therefore, sewage biological treatment technology oriented towards energy saving and emission reduction (especially saving aeration energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas release) will conform to the development of the industry and become a new generation of mainstream technology.
厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobicammoniumoxidation,Anammox)的发现，使低能耗、可持续污水处理技术成为可能。厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮工艺需要将部分的NH4 +氧化为NO2 -，而后得到的NO2 -再氧化剩余部分的NH4 +，最终达到脱氮的目的。此过程中只需消耗0.8mol的O2；仅以CO2作为碳源，无需有机物的消耗；由于是全程自养脱氮，所以污泥产生量低，1mol氨氮的去除仅生成3g生物体。通过以上的分析，可以看出与传统生物脱氮工艺相比，厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮技术可节省100％的有机碳源消耗，可节省60％的曝气量，从而降低工艺的直接能耗和运行费用；同时污泥产量少，可以减少污泥处置费用；此外，厌氧氨氧化菌以二氧化碳作为碳源，且代谢途径中没有N2O等中间产物，因此可以减少温室气体的排放。随着对生物脱氮除磷工艺研究的不断深入，人们发现有一部分聚磷菌能够以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐作为电子受体，在进行反硝化的同时完成过量吸磷，实现“一碳两用”，从而可降低生物脱氮除磷对有机碳源的需求量。尤其是以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷则能进一步节省脱氮除磷对有机碳源的需求量，同时还可以降低脱氮除磷过程的能耗，并且避免有机物的存在对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制作用。因此，同时实现短程硝化/厌氧氨氧化与反硝化除磷，可充分利用原水碳源，同时还可以降低运行能耗，降低温室气体排放，最终实现低碳源城市污水高效脱氮除磷的目的。The discovery of Anaerobicammonium Oxidation (Anammox) has made low energy consumption and sustainable sewage treatment technology possible. The anammox autotrophic denitrification process needs to oxidize part of NH 4 + to NO 2 - , and then the obtained NO 2 - oxidizes the remaining part of NH 4 + to finally achieve the purpose of denitrification. Only 0.8 mol of O 2 is consumed in this process; only CO 2 is used as the carbon source, without the consumption of organic matter; because of the whole process of autotrophic denitrification, the amount of sludge produced is low, and the removal of 1 mol of ammonia nitrogen only generates 3g of organisms. Through the above analysis, it can be seen that compared with the traditional biological denitrification process, the anammox autotrophic denitrification technology can save 100% of the organic carbon source consumption and 60% of the aeration volume, thereby reducing the direct cost of the process. Energy consumption and operating costs; at the same time, the sludge output is small, which can reduce the sludge disposal cost; in addition, anammox bacteria use carbon dioxide as a carbon source, and there is no intermediate product such as N 2 O in the metabolic pathway, so it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions emission. With the continuous deepening of research on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes, it has been found that some phosphorus accumulating bacteria can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptors to complete excessive phosphorus uptake while denitrification, realizing "one carbon two In order to reduce the demand for organic carbon sources for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In particular, denitrification and phosphorus removal using nitrite as an electron acceptor can further save the demand for organic carbon sources for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and can also reduce energy consumption in the process of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and avoid the impact of organic matter on Inhibition of anammox bacteria. Therefore, realizing short-range nitrification/anammox and denitrification phosphorus removal at the same time can make full use of the raw water carbon source, and at the same time reduce operating energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and finally realize the efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal of low-carbon source urban sewage Purpose.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是为了解决传统城市污水处理厂为实现出水水质达标通常采用过量曝气、过量投加碳源的运行方式，故而造成了污水处理能耗高、碳排放量大、不经济节约的问题，而提供低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置及其应用方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and uneconomical waste water treatment caused by the traditional urban sewage treatment plants usually adopting the operation mode of excessive aeration and excessive carbon source addition in order to achieve the effluent water quality standard , and provide low-carbon source urban sewage improved UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device and its application method.
本发明低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置，它包括依次连接的城市污水原水箱、厌氧反应器、缺氧反应器、第一段短程硝化反应器、第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器、第二段短程硝化反应器、第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器、沉淀池和出水管；The low-carbon source urban sewage improvement UCT autotrophic denitrification and dephosphorization device of the present invention includes urban sewage raw water tanks, anaerobic reactors, anoxic reactors, the first section of short-range nitrification reactors, and the first section of anaerobic reactors. Ammoxidation reactor, second-stage short-path nitrification reactor, second-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor, sedimentation tank and outlet pipe;
所述各反应器之间以硅胶管连接，采用重力流的方式进行污水的流动；所述的城市污水原水箱上设置进水管、溢流管和放空管；所述的城市污水原水箱和厌氧反应器之间采用进水泵连接；所述的厌氧反应器、缺氧反应器、第一段短程硝化反应器、第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器、第二段短程硝化反应器和第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器均设有搅拌器和取样口；第一段短程硝化反应器和第二段短程硝化反应器的底部均设有曝气装置和DO传感器，曝气装置由空气压缩机通过空气转子流量计与黏砂块曝气头连通，DO传感器由数据线与DO测定仪连接；第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器和第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器的外部均设置污泥内循环泵，内部均采用海绵填料进行填充；沉淀池底部通过回流污泥控制阀和污泥外回流泵与缺氧反应器连通，剩余污泥通过剩余污泥排放控制阀排出系统；缺氧反应器的污泥内回流管路上设置污泥内回流泵与厌氧反应器连通。The reactors are connected with silicone tubes, and gravity flow is used to flow the sewage; the urban sewage raw water tank is provided with an inlet pipe, an overflow pipe and an emptying pipe; the urban sewage raw water tank and The anaerobic reactors are connected by an inlet pump; the anaerobic reactor, the anoxic reactor, the first section of short-range nitrification reactor, the first section of anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor, the second section of short-range nitrification reactor and The second-stage anammox reactors are equipped with agitators and sampling ports; the bottoms of the first-stage short-path nitrification reactor and the second-stage short-path nitrification reactor are equipped with aeration devices and DO sensors, and the aeration devices are controlled by air. The compressor is connected to the aeration head of the sticky sand block through the air rotameter, and the DO sensor is connected to the DO measuring instrument through the data line; The sludge internal circulation pump is filled with sponge filler; the bottom of the sedimentation tank is connected to the anoxic reactor through the return sludge control valve and the sludge external return pump, and the excess sludge is discharged from the system through the excess sludge discharge control valve; The sludge internal return pipeline of the oxygen reactor is provided with a sludge internal return pump to communicate with the anaerobic reactor.
本发明中的厌氧反应器：城市污水通过进水泵的抽吸作用与内回流污泥同时进入厌氧反应器，与厌氧反应器内的泥水混合液进行混合。在厌氧条件下，聚磷菌大量吸收原水中可生物降解的有机物，并以内碳源PHB的形式储存在生物体内，同时向水体中释放大量的溶解性正磷酸盐。The anaerobic reactor in the present invention: urban sewage enters the anaerobic reactor simultaneously with the internal return sludge through the suction of the water inlet pump, and is mixed with the mud-water mixture in the anaerobic reactor. Under anaerobic conditions, phosphorus accumulating bacteria absorb a large amount of biodegradable organic matter in raw water, store them in the organism in the form of internal carbon source PHB, and release a large amount of dissolved orthophosphate into the water body at the same time.
本发明中的缺氧反应器：沉淀池回流污泥在污泥外回流泵的作用下与厌氧反应器的泥水混合液同时进入缺氧反应器。在搅拌器的搅拌作用下异养反硝化细菌利用污水中剩余的有机物将回流污泥携带的少量硝态氮和亚硝态氮进行反硝化反应，同时部分反硝化除磷菌以硝态氮或亚硝态氮为电子受体，以厌氧条件下储存在细胞体内的PHB为电子供体完成反硝化除磷反应，实现氮磷的同步去除。The anoxic reactor in the present invention: the reflux sludge of the sedimentation tank enters the anoxic reactor simultaneously with the mud-water mixture of the anaerobic reactor under the action of the sludge external reflux pump. Under the agitation of the agitator, the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria use the remaining organic matter in the sewage to denitrify a small amount of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen carried by the returning sludge, and at the same time, the partial denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria denitrify with nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen. Nitrite nitrogen is the electron acceptor, and the PHB stored in the cell body under anaerobic conditions is used as the electron donor to complete the denitrification and phosphorus removal reaction, and realize the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.
本发明中的第一段短程硝化反应器：缺氧反应器的泥水混合液出水直接进入第一段短程硝化反应器。在曝气的作用下，异养菌利用氧气将剩余的少量有机物进行氧化分解，同时AOB将原水中的部分NH4 +氧化为NO2 -，为后续厌氧氨氧化反应提供底物，聚磷菌(包括反硝化聚磷菌)利用氧气为电子受体发生好氧吸磷反应。曝气量的大小根据运行状态和进出水的水质情况运用转子流量计进行调节，控制反应器内的溶解氧浓度为0.2～0.5mg/L，同时控制第一段短程硝化反应器出水中的NH4 +浓度大于NO2 -浓度，若NH4 +浓度低于NO2 -浓度，则降低第一段好氧区的水力停留时间。The first-stage short-range nitrification reactor in the present invention: the effluent of the mud-water mixture from the anoxic reactor directly enters the first-stage short-range nitrification reactor. Under the action of aeration, heterotrophic bacteria use oxygen to oxidize and decompose the remaining small amount of organic matter, and at the same time, AOB oxidizes part of NH 4 + in the raw water to NO 2 - , providing substrate for the subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction, and phosphorus accumulation Bacteria (including denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria) use oxygen as the electron acceptor to undergo aerobic phosphorus uptake reaction. The amount of aeration is adjusted with a rotameter according to the operating status and the water quality of the inlet and outlet water, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor is controlled to be 0.2-0.5mg/L, and the NH in the outlet water of the first short-range nitrification reactor is also controlled. 4 + concentration is greater than NO 2 - concentration, if NH 4 + concentration is lower than NO 2 - concentration, the hydraulic retention time of the first aerobic zone will be reduced.
本发明中的第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器：第一段短程硝化反应器的泥水混合液出水直接进入第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器。在搅拌器的搅拌作用下，海绵填料上挂膜的厌氧氨氧化菌利用NH4 +和NO2 -发生厌氧氨氧化反应，进行脱氮。开启污泥内循环泵促进第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器内部污泥的混合均匀。检测反应器出水NO2 -浓度，若出水中还含有NO2 -，则延长第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器的水力停留时间。The first-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor in the present invention: the effluent of the mud-water mixture from the first-stage short-cut nitrification reactor directly enters the first-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor. Under the agitation of the agitator, the anammox bacteria on the sponge filler use NH 4 + and NO 2 - to undergo anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction to denitrify. Turn on the sludge internal circulation pump to promote the uniform mixing of the sludge in the first-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor. Detect the concentration of NO 2 - in the effluent from the reactor. If the effluent also contains NO 2 - , extend the hydraulic retention time of the first stage of the anammox reactor.
本发明中的第二段短程硝化反应器：功能同第一段短程硝化反应器，第一段的厌氧氨氧化反应器的泥水混合液出水直接进入第二段短程硝化反应器。在曝气的作用下，AOB将剩余的NH4 +部分氧化为NO2 -，发生半短程硝化反应器，为第二段厌氧氨氧化细菌提供底物。同样控制反应器内的溶解氧浓度为0.2～0.5mg/L，并控制第二段短程硝化反应器出水中的NH4 +浓度大于NO2 -浓度，若NH4 +浓度低于NO2 -浓度，则降低第二段好氧区的水力停留时间。The second-stage short-range nitrification reactor in the present invention: the function is the same as that of the first-stage short-range nitrification reactor, and the effluent of the mud-water mixture of the first-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor directly enters the second-stage short-range nitrification reactor. Under the action of aeration, AOB partially oxidizes the remaining NH 4 + to NO 2 - , and a semi-short-path nitrification reactor occurs, providing substrates for the second-stage anammox bacteria. Also control the dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor to be 0.2~0.5mg/L, and control the concentration of NH 4 + in the effluent of the second stage short-path nitrification reactor to be greater than the concentration of NO 2 - , if the concentration of NH 4 + is lower than the concentration of NO 2 - , then reduce the hydraulic retention time of the second aerobic zone.
本发明中的第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器：功能同第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器。在搅拌器和污泥内循环泵的作用下，海绵填料上的厌氧氨氧化细菌利用原水中剩余的NH4 +和NO2 -发生厌氧氨氧化反应。监测反应器出水NH4 +浓度和NO2 -浓度，若出水中还含有NO2 -，则延长第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器的水力停留时间，若出水中还含有NH4 +，则延长短程硝化反应器的水力停留时间。The second-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor in the present invention: the function is the same as that of the first-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor. Under the action of the agitator and the sludge internal circulation pump, the anammox bacteria on the sponge filler utilize the remaining NH 4 + and NO 2 - in the raw water to undergo an anammox reaction. Monitor the concentration of NH 4 + and NO 2 - in the effluent from the reactor. If the effluent still contains NO 2 - , extend the hydraulic retention time of the second-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor. If the effluent also contains NH 4 + , extend the Hydraulic retention time in short-path nitrification reactors.
本发明中的沉淀池：第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器的泥水混合液出水进入沉淀池进行泥水分离，上清液外排，污泥沉淀在污泥斗，回流污泥经过污泥外回流泵回流至缺氧反应器，剩余污泥经剩余污泥排放控制阀排出系统外。Sedimentation tank in the present invention: the effluent of the mud-water mixture from the second-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor enters the sedimentation tank for mud-water separation, the supernatant is discharged, the sludge is deposited in the sludge hopper, and the return sludge is refluxed outside the sludge The pump returns to the anoxic reactor, and the excess sludge is discharged out of the system through the excess sludge discharge control valve.
上述低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的应用方法，按以下步骤进行：The application method of the above-mentioned low-carbon source urban sewage improvement UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device is carried out according to the following steps:
一、单独培养阶段：1. Individual cultivation stage:
接种城市污水厂二沉池的活性污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，使污泥浓度为2500～3500mg/L，并以实时控制的方式快速淘洗NOB(亚硝酸氧化细菌)，实现城市污水的短程硝化，稳定运行30d后，富集得到AOB(氨氧化细菌)；Inoculate the activated sludge from the secondary settling tank of the urban sewage plant into two SBR sequencing batch reactors, so that the sludge concentration is 2500-3500 mg/L, and quickly elutriate NOB (nitrite oxidizing bacteria) in a real-time controlled manner, Realize the short-range nitrification of urban sewage, and after 30 days of stable operation, AOB (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) will be enriched;
接种普通除磷污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，接种污泥浓度为3000-4000mg/L，逐渐改变电子受体培养出能够适应较高FNA(游离亚硝酸)浓度的DPAOs(反硝化除磷菌)；Inoculate ordinary phosphorus removal sludge into two SBR sequencing batch reactors, the inoculation sludge concentration is 3000-4000mg/L, and gradually change the electron acceptor to cultivate DPAOs (reaction nitrification phosphorus removal bacteria);
在两个连续运行的CSTR反应器中加入海绵填料，然后接种Anammox污泥，富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.2～0.5mm；Add sponge filler to two continuously running CSTR reactors, then inoculate Anammox sludge, and enrich and cultivate until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.2-0.5mm;
将上述富集到三类细菌的反应器，按照改良UCT多级A/O工艺的形式进行组合；Combine the above-mentioned reactors enriched into the three types of bacteria in the form of an improved UCT multi-stage A/O process;
二、启动阶段：2. Start-up phase:
城市污水原水箱中的城市污水经进水泵通入厌氧反应器，以城市污水协同培养三类细菌的富集物，控制污泥外回流比为50％～150％，污泥内回流比为80％～120％，第一段短程硝化反应器和第二段短程硝化反应器内溶解氧浓度均为0.2～0.5mg/L，水温为30～35℃，HRT(水力停留时间)为8～16h，通过排放剩余污泥控制系统污泥龄为15～20d，当系统的氮去除负荷达到1.0mg/m3/d时，则系统启动成功；The urban sewage in the urban sewage raw water tank is fed into the anaerobic reactor through the inlet pump, and the enrichment of the three types of bacteria is co-cultivated with urban sewage, and the sludge external reflux ratio is controlled at 50% to 150%, and the sludge internal reflux ratio is 80% to 120%, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the first short-cut nitrification reactor and the second short-cut nitrification reactor are both 0.2-0.5mg/L, the water temperature is 30-35°C, and the HRT (hydraulic retention time) is 8- 16h, the sludge age of the control system is 15-20d by discharging excess sludge, and when the nitrogen removal load of the system reaches 1.0mg/m 3 /d, the system starts successfully;
三、连续运行：Three, continuous operation:
当系统启动成功后，调整缺好氧容积比、HRT和系统污泥龄，以低溶解氧浓度和缺好氧交替运行的方式确保系统短程硝化的稳定性，进而实现系统高效的自养脱氮性能，达到稳定的出水效果，实现系统长期稳定运行后，可按照35℃→30℃→25℃→20℃→15℃→10℃的方式逐渐降低系统的运行温度，实现低温下的低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的稳定运行。After the system starts up successfully, adjust the anaerobic volume ratio, HRT and system sludge age, and ensure the stability of short-term nitrification in the system by alternately operating with low dissolved oxygen concentration and anaerobic conditions, thereby realizing efficient autotrophic denitrification of the system performance, to achieve a stable water outlet effect, and to achieve long-term stable operation of the system, the operating temperature of the system can be gradually reduced in the manner of 35°C → 30°C → 25°C → 20°C → 15°C → 10°C, to achieve low-carbon sources at low temperatures Stable operation of improved UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device for urban sewage.
本发明采用先单独富集培养再组合连续运行的方式进行连续流改良UCT自养脱氮除磷工艺的启动。系统启动后，低碳源城市污水首先进入厌氧反应器，在厌氧条件下，聚磷菌利用进水中的COD完成PHB的储存和释磷；然后进入缺氧反应器，发生反硝化吸磷反应，进行氮磷的同步去除；接着依次进入两段短程硝化/厌氧氨氧化反应器，控制短程硝化反应器内溶解氧浓度为0.2～0.5mg/L，以低溶解氧和缺好氧交替的方式稳定维持系统的短程硝化，为后续厌氧氨氧化菌反应提供生长所需的底物，同时以自养脱氮的方式实现污水氮的去除。本发明综合利用了反硝化除磷、短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化三种功能细菌，建立起了城市污水连续流自养脱氮工艺，具有高效稳定，节能减排，污泥产量少等优点。In the present invention, the continuous flow improved UCT autotrophic denitrification and dephosphorization process is started by adopting the mode of separate enrichment culture and combined continuous operation. After the system is started, urban sewage from low-carbon sources first enters the anaerobic reactor. Under anaerobic conditions, the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria use the COD in the influent to complete the storage of PHB and release phosphorus; then enter the anoxic reactor, where denitrification occurs. Phosphorus reaction for synchronous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus; then enters two short-range nitrification/ANAMMOX reactors in sequence, and controls the dissolved oxygen concentration in the short-range nitrification reactor to be 0.2-0.5mg/L, with low dissolved oxygen and lack of aerobic The alternate method stably maintains the short-range nitrification of the system, provides the substrate required for the growth of the subsequent anammox bacteria reaction, and at the same time realizes the removal of sewage nitrogen by means of autotrophic denitrification. The invention comprehensively utilizes three functional bacteria of denitrification dephosphorization, short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation to establish a continuous flow autotrophic denitrification process for urban sewage, which has the advantages of high efficiency and stability, energy saving and emission reduction, and less sludge output.
本发明低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置及应用，与现有传统生物脱氮除磷工艺相比，具有以下优势：Compared with the existing traditional biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)利用反硝化除磷菌和厌氧氨氧化菌进行脱氮除磷，解决了低碳源城市污水进水碳源不足的问题，保证了系统脱氮除磷的高效性和稳定性；(1) Denitrification and phosphorus removal bacteria and anammox bacteria are used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, which solves the problem of insufficient carbon source of low-carbon source urban sewage, and ensures the efficiency and stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the system;
(2)原水中的有机物主要用于反硝化除磷过程，避免了有机物的存在对后续厌氧氨氧化菌的影响，同时也节约了曝气能耗；(2) The organic matter in the raw water is mainly used in the process of denitrification and phosphorus removal, which avoids the influence of the presence of organic matter on the subsequent anammox bacteria, and also saves aeration energy consumption;
(3)节省了有机碳源和曝气量，减少了剩余污泥的排放量，降低了运行能耗费用。Anammox菌是自养菌，以CO2为无机碳源，生长缓慢，且污泥产率低，降低了污泥处理的成本，同时短程硝化采用低溶解氧的方式进行维持，曝气能耗大大节省，反硝化除磷菌具有“一碳两用”的特点，同时具备脱氮和除磷的作用；(3) The organic carbon source and aeration rate are saved, the discharge of excess sludge is reduced, and the cost of operating energy consumption is reduced. Anammox bacteria are autotrophic bacteria, use CO2 as inorganic carbon source, grow slowly, and the sludge yield is low, which reduces the cost of sludge treatment. At the same time, the short-cut nitrification is maintained by low dissolved oxygen, and the energy consumption of aeration is greatly increased. Saving, denitrification and phosphorus removal bacteria have the characteristics of "one carbon and two uses", and have the functions of denitrification and phosphorus removal at the same time;
(4)出水效果稳定，温室气体排放少。本发明考虑到自养脱氮具有一定的硝酸盐产物，利用反硝化除磷进一步降低水体中的总氮，保证出水总氮达标，效果稳定；短程硝化厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮以无机碳为碳源，同时厌氧氨氧化菌代谢过程中无N2O生成，因此本工艺温室气体排放少。(4) The water outlet effect is stable, and the emission of greenhouse gases is small. The present invention considers that autotrophic denitrification has certain nitrate products, uses denitrification to remove phosphorus to further reduce the total nitrogen in the water body, ensures that the total nitrogen in the effluent reaches the standard, and has a stable effect; As a carbon source, at the same time, no N 2 O is generated during the metabolic process of anammox bacteria, so this process has less greenhouse gas emissions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的示意图，其中1表示城市污水原水箱、2表示厌氧反应器、3表示缺氧反应器、4表示第一段短程硝化反应器、5表示第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器、6表示第二段短程硝化反应器、7表示第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器、8表示沉淀池、9表示出水管、10表示搅拌器、11表示进水泵、12表示污泥内回流泵、13表示空气压缩机、14表示污泥外回流泵、15表示污泥内循环泵、16表示黏砂块曝气头、17表示空气转子流量计、18表示回流污泥控制阀、19表示剩余污泥排放控制阀、20表示DO测定仪、21表示DO传感器、22表示进水管、23表示溢流管、24表示放空管、25表示取样口、26表示海绵填料。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device for urban sewage with medium and low carbon sources in the present invention, wherein 1 represents the raw water tank of urban sewage, 2 represents the anaerobic reactor, 3 represents the anoxic reactor, and 4 represents the first section Short-cut nitrification reactor, 5 means the first-stage anammox reactor, 6 means the second-stage short-range nitrification reactor, 7 means the second-stage anammox reactor, 8 means the sedimentation tank, 9 means the outlet pipe, 10 Indicates the agitator, 11 indicates the water inlet pump, 12 indicates the sludge internal return pump, 13 indicates the air compressor, 14 indicates the sludge external return pump, 15 indicates the sludge internal circulation pump, 16 indicates the sticky sand block aeration head, and 17 indicates Air rotameter, 18 represents the return sludge control valve, 19 represents the excess sludge discharge control valve, 20 represents the DO measuring instrument, 21 represents the DO sensor, 22 represents the water inlet pipe, 23 represents the overflow pipe, 24 represents the vent pipe, 25 represents a sampling port, and 26 represents a sponge filler.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
具体实施方式一：结合图1所示，本实施方式低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置，它包括依次连接的城市污水原水箱1、厌氧反应器2、缺氧反应器3、第一段短程硝化反应器4、第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器5、第二段短程硝化反应器6、第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器7、沉淀池8和出水管9；Specific embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1, the low-carbon source urban sewage improvement UCT self-supporting denitrification and dephosphorization device in this embodiment includes urban sewage raw water tank 1, anaerobic reactor 2, and anoxic reactor connected in sequence 3. The first short-range nitrification reactor 4, the first anammox reactor 5, the second short-range nitrification reactor 6, the second anammox reactor 7, the sedimentation tank 8 and the outlet pipe 9;
所述各反应器之间以硅胶管连接，采用重力流的方式进行污水的流动；所述的城市污水原水箱1上设置进水管22、溢流管23和放空管24；所述的城市污水原水箱1和厌氧反应器2之间采用进水泵11连接；所述的厌氧反应器2、缺氧反应器3、第一段短程硝化反应器4、第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器5、第二段短程硝化反应器6和第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器7均设有搅拌器10和取样口25；第一段短程硝化反应器4和第二段短程硝化反应器6的底部均设有曝气装置和DO传感器21，曝气装置由空气压缩机13通过空气转子流量计17与黏砂块曝气头16连通，DO传感器21由数据线与DO测定仪20连接；第一段厌氧氨氧化反应器5和第二段厌氧氨氧化反应器7的外部均设置污泥内循环泵15，内部均采用海绵填料26进行填充；沉淀池8底部通过回流污泥控制阀18和污泥外回流泵14与缺氧反应器3连通，剩余污泥通过剩余污泥排放控制阀19排出系统；缺氧反应器3的污泥内回流管路上设置污泥内回流泵12与厌氧反应器2连通。The reactors are connected with silica gel tubes, and the flow of sewage is carried out by gravity flow; the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is provided with a water inlet pipe 22, an overflow pipe 23 and a vent pipe 24; The sewage raw water tank 1 and the anaerobic reactor 2 are connected by an inlet pump 11; the anaerobic reactor 2, the anoxic reactor 3, the first section of short-range nitrification reactor 4, and the first section of anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction The device 5, the second stage short-range nitrification reactor 6 and the second stage anammox reactor 7 are equipped with a stirrer 10 and a sampling port 25; the first stage short-path nitrification reactor 4 and the second stage short-path nitrification reactor 6 The bottom of each is equipped with an aeration device and a DO sensor 21, the aeration device is communicated with the sticky sand block aeration head 16 by an air compressor 13 through an air rotameter 17, and the DO sensor 21 is connected with a DO measuring instrument 20 by a data line; Both the first-stage anammox reactor 5 and the second-stage anammox reactor 7 are equipped with sludge internal circulation pumps 15, and the interiors are filled with sponge fillers 26; the bottom of the sedimentation tank 8 is controlled by returning sludge. The valve 18 and the sludge external return pump 14 communicate with the anoxic reactor 3, and the excess sludge is discharged from the system through the excess sludge discharge control valve 19; the sludge internal return line of the anoxic reactor 3 is provided with a sludge internal return pump 12 It communicates with the anaerobic reactor 2.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的应用方法，按以下步骤进行：Specific implementation mode 2: The application method of the low-carbon source urban sewage improvement UCT self-supporting denitrification and phosphorus removal device in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
一、单独培养阶段：1. Individual cultivation stage:
接种城市污水厂二沉池的活性污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，使污泥浓度为2500～3500mg/L，并以实时控制的方式快速淘洗NOB，实现城市污水的短程硝化，稳定运行30d后，富集得到AOB；Inoculate the activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the urban sewage plant into two SBR sequencing batch reactors to make the sludge concentration 2500-3500mg/L, and quickly elutriate NOB in a real-time controlled manner to realize the short-range nitrification of urban sewage , after 30 days of stable operation, AOB was enriched;
接种普通除磷污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，接种污泥浓度为3000～4000mg/L，逐渐改变电子受体培养出能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs；Inoculate ordinary phosphorus removal sludge into two SBR sequencing batch reactors, the concentration of the inoculated sludge is 3000-4000mg/L, and gradually change the electron acceptor to cultivate DPAOs that can adapt to higher FNA concentrations;
在两个连续运行的CSTR反应器中加入海绵填料，然后接种Anammox污泥，富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.2～0.5mm；Add sponge filler to two continuously running CSTR reactors, then inoculate Anammox sludge, and enrich and cultivate until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.2-0.5mm;
将上述富集到三类细菌的反应器，按照改良UCT多级A/O工艺的形式进行组合；Combine the above-mentioned reactors enriched into the three types of bacteria in the form of an improved UCT multi-stage A/O process;
二、启动阶段：2. Start-up phase:
城市污水原水箱1中的城市污水经进水泵11通入厌氧反应器2，以城市污水协同培养三类细菌的富集物，控制污泥外回流比为50％～150％，污泥内回流比为80％～120％，第一段短程硝化反应器4和第二段短程硝化反应器6内溶解氧浓度均为0.2～0.5mg/L，水温为30～35℃，HRT为8～16h，通过排放剩余污泥控制系统污泥龄为15～20d，当系统的氮去除负荷达到1.0mg/m3/d时，则系统启动成功；The urban sewage in the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is passed into the anaerobic reactor 2 through the water inlet pump 11, and the enrichment of the three types of bacteria is co-cultivated with the urban sewage, and the sludge external reflux ratio is controlled at 50% to 150%. The reflux ratio is 80% to 120%, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the first short-cut nitration reactor 4 and the second short-cut nitration reactor 6 is both 0.2-0.5mg/L, the water temperature is 30-35°C, and the HRT is 8- 16h, the sludge age of the control system is 15-20d by discharging excess sludge, and when the nitrogen removal load of the system reaches 1.0mg/m 3 /d, the system starts successfully;
三、连续运行：Three, continuous operation:
当系统启动成功后，调整缺好氧容积比、HRT和系统污泥龄，以低溶解氧浓度和缺好氧交替运行的方式确保系统短程硝化的稳定性，进而实现系统高效的自养脱氮性能，达到稳定的出水效果，实现系统长期稳定运行后，可按照35℃→30℃→25℃→20℃→15℃→10℃的方式逐渐降低系统的运行温度，实现低温下的低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的稳定运行。After the system starts up successfully, adjust the anaerobic volume ratio, HRT and system sludge age, and ensure the stability of short-term nitrification in the system by alternately operating with low dissolved oxygen concentration and anaerobic conditions, thereby realizing efficient autotrophic denitrification of the system performance, to achieve a stable water outlet effect, and to achieve long-term stable operation of the system, the operating temperature of the system can be gradually reduced in the manner of 35°C → 30°C → 25°C → 20°C → 15°C → 10°C, to achieve low-carbon sources at low temperatures Stable operation of improved UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device for urban sewage.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是，步骤一中接种城市污水厂二沉池的活性污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，使污泥浓度为3000mg/L。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Specific embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment two is that in the step one, the activated sludge of the secondary sedimentation tank of the urban sewage plant is inoculated in two SBR sequencing batch reactors, so that the sludge concentration is 3000mg/L . Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方二不同的是，步骤一中普通除磷污泥来源于高碑店城市污水处理厂二沉池。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that the ordinary phosphorus removal sludge in Step 1 comes from the secondary sedimentation tank of Gaobeidian Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方二不同的是，步骤一中接种普通除磷污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，接种污泥浓度为3500mg/L。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 2 in that in step 1, ordinary phosphorus removal sludge is inoculated into two SBR sequencing batch reactors, and the concentration of the inoculated sludge is 3500 mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方二不同的是，步骤一中Anammox污泥来源于北京排水集团污泥消化液Anammox示范工程。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that the Anammox sludge in step 1 comes from the Anammox demonstration project of Beijing Drainage Group's sludge digestion solution. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是，步骤一中所述逐渐改变电子受体培养出能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs的具体过程为：Specific embodiment seven: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment two is that the specific process of gradually changing the electron acceptor described in step one to cultivate DPAOs capable of adapting to a higher FNA concentration is:
1、采用厌/好氧的运行方式，进行普通聚磷菌(PAOs)的富集培养，污泥龄(SRT)控制在10～15d；1. Adopt the anaerobic/aerobic operation mode to carry out the enrichment culture of ordinary phosphorus accumulating bacteria (PAOs), and the sludge age (SRT) is controlled at 10-15 days;
2、采用厌/缺氧运行方式，通过在缺氧阶段投加硝酸盐氮(NO3 -)，逐步将好氧吸磷转变为缺氧吸磷，培养出以NO3 -为电子受体的DPAOs，并逐步提高负荷，强化DPAOs的富集；2. Adopting the anaerobic/anoxic operation mode, by adding nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - ) in the anoxic stage, gradually transforming aerobic phosphorus uptake into anoxic phosphorus uptake, and cultivating NO 3 - as the electron acceptor DPAOs, and gradually increase the load to strengthen the enrichment of DPAOs;
3、逐渐减少缺氧段的硝酸盐氮的投加量，同时提高亚硝酸盐投加量，富集培养出能以NO2 -为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌，并逐步提高负荷，获得能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。3. Gradually reduce the dosage of nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic section, increase the dosage of nitrite at the same time, enrich and cultivate denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria that can use NO 2 - as the electron acceptor, and gradually increase the load, Obtain DPAOs that can accommodate higher FNA concentrations. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是，步骤一中所述海绵填料的尺寸为2cm×2cm×2cm，填充比为30％～50％。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 8: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 2 in that the size of the sponge filler in step 1 is 2cm×2cm×2cm, and the filling ratio is 30%-50%. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是，步骤一中所述富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.2～0.5mm的具体过程为：采用配水培养，富集到Anammox细菌的丰度为1010～1012copies/g·MLVSS后，然后将进水逐渐转变为城市污水，在水温30～35℃，进水流量8～16L/h的条件下富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.2～0.5mm。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Specific embodiment nine: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment two is that the specific process of the enrichment culture described in step 1 until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.2-0.5mm is: use water distribution culture to enrich the abundant Anammox bacteria After the temperature is 10 10 ～10 12 copies/g·MLVSS, the influent water is gradually transformed into urban sewage, and the enrichment culture is carried out under the conditions of water temperature 30～35℃ and influent flow rate 8～16L/h until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.2～0.5mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是，步骤二中所述的HRT为8～16h，具体的HRT要根据出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度进行调节，当出水NH4 +浓度为10mg·N/L时，控制HRT为12～16h，当出水NO2 -浓度为10mg·N/L时，控制HRT为8～12h，当出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度均大于10mg·N/L时，检查系统中的Anammox细菌是否受到抑制，若受到抑制应及时停止连续运行，恢复步骤一单独富集培养，当出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度均不足10mg·N/L时，保持系统在当前的HRT下运行。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 10: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that the HRT described in step 2 is 8 to 16 hours, and the specific HRT should be adjusted according to the concentration of NH 4 + in the effluent and the concentration of NO 2 - in the effluent. When the effluent When the concentration of NH 4 + is 10mg·N/L, the control HRT is 12-16h; when the concentration of effluent NO 2 - is 10mg · N/L, the control HRT is 8-12h ; - When the concentration is greater than 10mg·N/L, check whether the Anammox bacteria in the system are inhibited. If it is inhibited, the continuous operation should be stopped in time, and step 1 should be resumed for separate enrichment culture. When the effluent NH 4 + concentration and effluent NO 2 - concentration When both are less than 10mg·N/L, keep the system running under the current HRT. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the second embodiment.
采用以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果：Adopt the following examples to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:
实施例：Example:
结合图1所示，低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的应用方法，按以下步骤进行：As shown in Figure 1, the application method of the UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device for low-carbon source urban sewage is carried out according to the following steps:
一、单独培养阶段：1. Individual cultivation stage:
接种城市污水厂二沉池的活性污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，使污泥浓度为3000mg/L，并以实时控制的方式快速淘洗NOB，实现城市污水的短程硝化，稳定运行30d后，富集得到AOB；Inoculate the activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the urban sewage plant into two SBR sequencing batch reactors to make the sludge concentration 3000mg/L, and quickly elutriate NOB in a real-time control mode to realize short-term nitrification of urban sewage and stabilize After running for 30d, AOB was obtained by enrichment;
接种普通除磷污泥于两个SBR序批式反应器中，接种污泥浓度为3000～4000mg/L，逐渐改变电子受体培养出能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs；Inoculate ordinary phosphorus removal sludge into two SBR sequencing batch reactors, the concentration of the inoculated sludge is 3000-4000mg/L, and gradually change the electron acceptor to cultivate DPAOs that can adapt to higher FNA concentrations;
在两个连续运行的CSTR反应器中加入海绵填料，然后接种Anammox污泥，富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.4mm；Add sponge filler to two continuously running CSTR reactors, then inoculate Anammox sludge, enrich and cultivate until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.4mm;
将上述富集到三类细菌的反应器，按照改良UCT多级A/O工艺的形式进行组合；Combine the above-mentioned reactors enriched into the three types of bacteria in the form of an improved UCT multi-stage A/O process;
二、启动阶段：2. Start-up phase:
城市污水原水箱1中的城市污水经进水泵11通入厌氧反应器2，以城市污水协同培养三类细菌的富集物，控制污泥外回流比为50％～150％，污泥内回流比为80％～120％，第一段短程硝化反应器4和第二段短程硝化反应器6内溶解氧浓度均为0.2～0.5mg/L，水温为30～35℃，HRT为8～16h，通过排放剩余污泥控制系统污泥龄为15～20d，当系统的氮去除负荷达到1.0mg/m3/d时，则系统启动成功；The urban sewage in the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is passed into the anaerobic reactor 2 through the water inlet pump 11, and the enrichment of the three types of bacteria is co-cultivated with the urban sewage, and the sludge external reflux ratio is controlled at 50% to 150%. The reflux ratio is 80% to 120%, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the first short-cut nitration reactor 4 and the second short-cut nitration reactor 6 is both 0.2-0.5mg/L, the water temperature is 30-35°C, and the HRT is 8- 16h, the sludge age of the control system is 15-20d by discharging excess sludge, and when the nitrogen removal load of the system reaches 1.0mg/m 3 /d, the system starts successfully;
三、连续运行：Three, continuous operation:
当系统启动成功后，调整缺好氧容积比、HRT和系统污泥龄，以低溶解氧浓度和缺好氧交替运行的方式确保系统短程硝化的稳定性，进而实现系统高效的自养脱氮性能，达到稳定的出水效果，实现系统长期稳定运行后，可按照35℃→30℃→25℃→20℃→15℃→10℃的方式逐渐降低系统的运行温度，实现低温下的低碳源城市污水改良UCT自养脱氮除磷装置的稳定运行。After the system starts up successfully, adjust the anaerobic volume ratio, HRT and system sludge age, and ensure the stability of short-term nitrification in the system by alternately operating with low dissolved oxygen concentration and anaerobic conditions, thereby realizing efficient autotrophic denitrification of the system performance, to achieve a stable water outlet effect, and to achieve long-term stable operation of the system, the operating temperature of the system can be gradually reduced in the manner of 35°C → 30°C → 25°C → 20°C → 15°C → 10°C, to achieve low-carbon sources at low temperatures Stable operation of improved UCT autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal device for urban sewage.
本实施例步骤一中普通除磷污泥来源于高碑店城市污水处理厂二沉池；步骤一中Anammox污泥来源于北京排水集团污泥消化液Anammox示范工程。In the first step of this example, the ordinary phosphorus removal sludge comes from the secondary sedimentation tank of Gaobeidian Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant; in the first step, the Anammox sludge comes from the Anammox demonstration project of Beijing Drainage Group's sludge digestion solution.
本实施例步骤一中所述逐渐改变电子受体培养出能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs的具体过程为：The specific process of gradually changing the electron acceptor to cultivate DPAOs capable of adapting to a higher FNA concentration as described in step 1 of this embodiment is as follows:
1、采用厌/好氧的运行方式，进行普通聚磷菌的富集培养，污泥龄控制在10～15d；1. Use the anaerobic/aerobic operation mode to carry out the enrichment culture of common phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the sludge age is controlled at 10-15 days;
2、采用厌/缺氧运行方式，通过在缺氧阶段投加NO3 -，逐步将好氧吸磷转变为缺氧吸磷，培养出以NO3 -为电子受体的DPAOs，并逐步提高负荷，强化DPAOs的富集；2. Adopt anaerobic/anoxic operation mode, gradually change aerobic phosphorus uptake into anoxic phosphorus uptake by adding NO 3 - in the anoxic stage, cultivate DPAOs with NO 3 - as electron acceptor, and gradually increase load, to enhance the enrichment of DPAOs;
3、逐渐减少缺氧段的硝酸盐氮的投加量，同时提高亚硝酸盐投加量，富集培养出能以NO2 -为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌，并逐步提高负荷，获得能够适应较高FNA浓度的DPAOs。3. Gradually reduce the dosage of nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic section, increase the dosage of nitrite at the same time, enrich and cultivate denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria that can use NO 2 - as the electron acceptor, and gradually increase the load, Obtain DPAOs that can accommodate higher FNA concentrations.
本实施例步骤一中所述海绵填料的尺寸为2cm×2cm×2cm，填充比为40％。The size of the sponge filler in step 1 of this embodiment is 2cm×2cm×2cm, and the filling ratio is 40%.
本实施例步骤一中所述富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.4mm的具体过程为：采用配水培养，富集到Anammox细菌的丰度为1010～1012copies/g·MLVSS后，然后将进水逐渐转变为城市污水，在水温32℃，进水流量8～16L/h的条件下富集培养至挂膜厚度达到0.4mm。The specific process of the enrichment culture described in step 1 of this example until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.4 mm is: use water distribution culture, enrich the abundance of Anammox bacteria to 10 10 ~ 10 12 copies/g·MLVSS, and then The influent water is gradually transformed into urban sewage. Under the conditions of water temperature 32°C and influent flow rate 8-16L/h, the culture is enriched until the thickness of the hanging film reaches 0.4mm.
本实施例步骤二中所述的HRT为8～16h，具体的HRT要根据出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度进行调节，当出水NH4 +浓度为10mg·N/L时，控制HRT为12～16h，当出水NO2 -浓度为10mg·N/L时，控制HRT为8～12h，当出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度均大于10mg·N/L时，检查系统中的Anammox细菌是否受到抑制，若受到抑制应及时停止连续运行，恢复步骤一单独富集培养，当出水NH4 +浓度和出水NO2 -浓度均不足10mg·N/L时，保持系统在当前的HRT下运行。The HRT described in step 2 of this example is 8-16 hours. The specific HRT should be adjusted according to the concentration of NH 4 + in the effluent and the concentration of NO 2 - in the effluent. When the concentration of NH 4 + in the effluent is 10mg·N/L, control the HRT 12 to 16 hours. When the concentration of NO 2 - in the effluent is 10mg·N/L, control the HRT to 8 to 12 hours . Whether the Anammox bacteria are inhibited, if it is inhibited, the continuous operation should be stopped in time, and the single enrichment culture should be resumed in step 1. When the effluent NH 4 + concentration and effluent NO 2 - concentration are both less than 10mg·N/L, keep the system at the current Run under HRT.
本实施例采用北京工业大学家属区生活污水作为原水，具体水质如下：COD浓度为133.98～266.01mg/L；NH+ 4-N浓度为42.01～68.56mg/L，NO- 2-N浓度为0.07～1.12mg/L，NO- 3-N浓度为0.00～1.05mg/L。试验装置如图1所示，各反应器均采用有机玻璃制成，均为高径比为1.6～3.1的SBR反应器，有效容积为4～8L，可根据系统缺好氧容积比进行调整，沉淀池采用竖流式沉淀池，由有机玻璃制成，上部沉淀池呈圆柱形，污泥斗为截头倒锥体，倾角为60°，采用中心进水、周边三角堰出水方式，有效容积为16L。In this example, domestic sewage from the family area of Beijing University of Technology was used as raw water. The specific water quality is as follows: COD concentration is 133.98-266.01 mg/L; NH + 4 -N concentration is 42.01-68.56 mg/L, and NO - 2 -N concentration is 0.07 ～1.12mg/L, NO - 3 -N concentration is 0.00～1.05mg/L. The test device is shown in Figure 1. Each reactor is made of plexiglass, and they are all SBR reactors with an aspect ratio of 1.6-3.1. The effective volume is 4-8L, which can be adjusted according to the aerobic volume ratio of the system. The sedimentation tank adopts a vertical flow sedimentation tank made of plexiglass. The upper sedimentation tank is cylindrical. The sludge bucket is a truncated inverted cone with an inclination angle of 60°. It is 16L.
试验结果表明：运行稳定后，平均出水COD浓度为45.34mg/L，平均出水NH+ 4-N浓度为0.32mg/L，平均出水NO- 2-N浓度为0.74mg/L，平均出水NO- 3-N浓度为4.52mg/L，平均出水TN浓度为6.43mg/L，平均出水PO4 3--P浓度为0.10mg/L，出水氮磷浓度均达到一级A排放标准的要求。The test results show that after stable operation, the average effluent COD concentration is 45.34mg/L, the average effluent NH + 4 -N concentration is 0.32mg/L, the average effluent NO - 2 -N concentration is 0.74mg/L, and the average effluent NO - The 3 -N concentration is 4.52mg/L, the average effluent TN concentration is 6.43mg/L, the average effluent PO 4 3- -P concentration is 0.10mg/L, and the effluent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations all meet the requirements of Class A discharge standards.