CN105526978A - Single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measuring device - Google Patents
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用小孔径文丘里管来测量最低温度可达1.8K的低温流体流量的装置，包括上游压力测点，上游温度测点，进口管段，上游取压管、喉部取压管、文丘里管、出口管段以及数据采集处理显示系统，其中文丘里管包括圆筒收缩管段、喉部直管段和圆筒渐扩管段三部分。本发明基于连续性方程和伯努利原理，可对液氮、液氢、超临界氢、液氦、超临界氦等单相介质的流量进行监测，精度高，结构简单，造价便宜，具有永久压力损失小、要求的前后直管段长段短、寿命长等特点。
The invention discloses a device for measuring the low-temperature fluid flow rate with a minimum temperature of 1.8K by using a small-aperture Venturi tube, including an upstream pressure measuring point, an upstream temperature measuring point, an inlet pipe section, an upstream pressure-taking pipe, and a throat pressure-taking Tube, Venturi tube, outlet pipe section and data acquisition and processing display system, wherein the Venturi tube includes three parts: a cylindrical shrinkage pipe section, a throat straight pipe section and a cylindrical expanding pipe section. Based on the continuity equation and Bernoulli's principle, the invention can monitor the flow of single-phase media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, supercritical hydrogen, liquid helium, supercritical helium, etc., with high precision, simple structure, low cost, and permanent The pressure loss is small, the required straight pipe length is short, and the service life is long.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及低温流量测量技术领域，具体是一种单相低温流体流量测量装置。The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature flow measurement, in particular to a single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measurement device.
背景技术Background technique
流量与温度、压力、液位和压差一起，是低温系统中重要的参数。这些技术参数反映低温系统的运行状况，操作人员只有通过这些参数才能了解低温系统的运行情况和进行必要的控制。同时这些技术参数是自动控制系统的眼睛，参数的精度直接影响自动控制的精度和低温系统的运行安全性和可靠性，因而低温流量的测量具有重要的意义。作为低温下测量流体介质的流量计应具有较高的精度、阻力损失小、测量范围广，成本低廉和可靠性高等特点。Flow, along with temperature, pressure, liquid level and differential pressure, is an important parameter in cryogenic systems. These technical parameters reflect the operating conditions of the cryogenic system, and only through these parameters can operators understand the operating conditions of the cryogenic system and carry out necessary control. At the same time, these technical parameters are the eyes of the automatic control system. The accuracy of the parameters directly affects the accuracy of automatic control and the operation safety and reliability of the cryogenic system, so the measurement of cryogenic flow is of great significance. As a flowmeter for measuring fluid medium at low temperature, it should have the characteristics of high precision, small resistance loss, wide measurement range, low cost and high reliability.
目前，孔板和文丘里管等节流式流量计由于其明确的物理意义并且易于推广，已经成为单相流量计的最佳选择之一，是较为成熟的流量计。孔板流量计阻力损失较大，对于同一个差压，文丘里流量计的压力损失只有孔板流量计压力损失的1/6～1/4，同时上下游所需的直管段也要比孔板流量计的要短。涡轮流量计的应用的最低温度只能到液氮温区（77K），并且其轴承在低温下可靠性急剧下降，容易出现故障。科式流量计虽然在低温下精度很高，但是应用的温区达不到液氦温区（4.5K），并且不能在有磁场环境下使用。质量流量计精度较高，但是只能在室温环境下使用，低温流体需复温到常温，间接测量其低温下流量，因而其在低温下应用受限。At present, throttling flowmeters such as orifice plates and Venturi tubes have become one of the best choices for single-phase flowmeters due to their clear physical meaning and easy promotion, and they are relatively mature flowmeters. The orifice flowmeter has a large resistance loss. For the same differential pressure, the pressure loss of the Venturi flowmeter is only 1/6 to 1/4 of the pressure loss of the orifice flowmeter. The plate flow meter should be short. The lowest temperature of the application of the turbine flowmeter can only reach the liquid nitrogen temperature zone (77K), and the reliability of its bearings drops sharply at low temperatures, and it is prone to failure. Although the Corrosion flowmeter has high precision at low temperature, the temperature range of the application cannot reach the temperature range of liquid helium (4.5K), and it cannot be used in an environment with a magnetic field. Mass flowmeters have high precision, but they can only be used at room temperature. Cryogenic fluids need to be rewarmed to room temperature to indirectly measure their flow at low temperatures, so their application at low temperatures is limited.
文丘里流量计，作为节流式流量计的一种，是根据流体通过文丘里管，使部分压力能转变为动能产生差压信号的原理而工作的，精度高，可应用的温区极广，几乎涵盖整个温区，同时其结构简单，造价便宜，具有永久压力损失小、要求的前后直管段长段短、寿命长等特点。相对于其他的测量装置而言，文丘里流量计是最简单也是最可靠的一种流量测量装置。在国内，中科院等离子体物理研究所较早地将文丘里流量计应用在超导磁体冷却回路及超导托克马克氦低温系统中，并在实验中其准确性获得了认可。已应用的文丘里超临界氦流量计涵盖了6～480g/s的流量、喉部直径为2～18mm、最低温度可达3.8K，测量误差小于5%，最优可达2%。Venturi flowmeter, as a kind of throttling flowmeter, works according to the principle that the fluid passes through the Venturi tube to convert part of the pressure energy into kinetic energy to generate a differential pressure signal. It has high precision and can be used in a wide temperature range. , covering almost the entire temperature zone, at the same time, its structure is simple, the cost is cheap, it has the characteristics of small permanent pressure loss, the required length of the front and rear straight pipes is short, and the service life is long. Compared with other measuring devices, Venturi flowmeter is the simplest and most reliable flow measuring device. In China, the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences earlier applied the Venturi flowmeter in the superconducting magnet cooling circuit and the superconducting tokamak helium cryogenic system, and its accuracy was recognized in the experiment. The applied Venturi supercritical helium flowmeter covers the flow rate of 6-480g/s, the diameter of the throat is 2-18mm, the lowest temperature can reach 3.8K, the measurement error is less than 5%, and the best can reach 2%.
发明内容本发明的目的是提供一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，基于伯努利原理，可对液氮、液氢、超临界氢、液氦、超临界氦等单相介质的流量进行监测，精度高，结构简单，造价便宜，具有永久压力损失小、要求的前后直管段长段短、寿命长等特点。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measurement device, which can monitor the flow of single-phase media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, supercritical hydrogen, liquid helium, and supercritical helium based on Bernoulli's principle , high precision, simple structure, low cost, small permanent pressure loss, short required front and rear straight pipe sections, and long service life.
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：包括有文丘里管，所述文丘里管由从左向右依次同轴连通的圆筒收缩管段、喉部直管段和圆筒渐扩管段构成，且文丘里管左端管口同轴连接有进口管，文丘里管右端管口同轴连接有出口管，所述进口管安装有上游压力传感器和上游温度传感器，所述文丘里管靠近左端管口的侧部旁路连通有上游取压管，文丘里管对应喉部直管段的侧部旁路连通有喉部取压管，且上游取压管、喉部取压管之间接入有压差传感器，所述上游压力传感器的压力信号、上游温度传感器的温度信号、压差传感器的差压信号分别采集至计算机处理显示。A single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measurement device, characterized in that it includes a Venturi tube, and the Venturi tube consists of a cylindrical shrinkage section, a throat straight section, and a cylindrical expanding section that are coaxially connected in sequence from left to right Composed, and the mouth of the left end of the Venturi tube is coaxially connected with an inlet pipe, the mouth of the right end of the Venturi tube is coaxially connected with an outlet pipe, the inlet pipe is equipped with an upstream pressure sensor and an upstream temperature sensor, and the Venturi tube is close to the left end The side bypass of the nozzle is connected with the upstream pressure-taking pipe, and the side bypass of the Venturi tube corresponding to the throat straight pipe section is connected with the throat pressure-taking pipe, and there is a connection between the upstream pressure-taking pipe and the throat pressure-taking pipe. For the differential pressure sensor, the pressure signal of the upstream pressure sensor, the temperature signal of the upstream temperature sensor, and the differential pressure signal of the differential pressure sensor are respectively collected and processed by a computer for display.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述文丘里管由可在低温下使用的材料做成，一般为金属或合金材料，优选由不锈钢材料制成。The above-mentioned single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: the Venturi tube is made of materials that can be used at low temperatures, generally metal or alloy materials, preferably made of stainless steel.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述文丘里管的圆筒收缩管段、喉部直管段和圆筒渐扩管段可一体加工成型，也可以在保证加工精度情况下，分段加工，然后通过适当的连接方式组成整体。The single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: the cylindrical shrinkage section, the throat straight section and the cylindrical expanding section of the Venturi tube can be integrally formed, and can also be processed under the condition of ensuring the processing accuracy. Next, process in segments, and then form a whole through appropriate connection methods.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述文丘里管可由机加工、或铸造、或3D打印技术成型。The single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: the Venturi tube can be formed by machining, casting, or 3D printing technology.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述进口管、出口管与文丘里管对应端管口之间可通过螺纹、或法兰、或焊接、或其他方式连接，优选焊接方式连接。The single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measurement device is characterized in that: the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the mouth of the corresponding end of the Venturi tube can be connected by threads, or flanges, or welding, or other methods, Preferably welded connection.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述上游取压管和喉部取压管采用单个管壁取压口的形式，用环室或均压环相连。The single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: the upstream pressure-taking pipe and the throat pressure-taking pipe adopt the form of a single pipe wall pressure-taking port, and are connected by an annular chamber or a pressure equalizing ring.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述进口管的长度至少为其自身内径的10倍，出口管的长度至少为其自身内径的5倍。The aforementioned single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measurement device is characterized in that: the length of the inlet pipe is at least 10 times its own inner diameter, and the length of the outlet pipe is at least 5 times its own inner diameter.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述上游压力传感器和上游温度传感器安装在距上游取压管至少5倍进口管内径的距离。The single-phase low-temperature fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: the upstream pressure sensor and the upstream temperature sensor are installed at a distance of at least 5 times the inner diameter of the inlet pipe from the upstream pressure-taking pipe.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：所述压力、温度和差压信号还可以现场采集处理显示。The single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measurement device is characterized in that the pressure, temperature and differential pressure signals can also be collected, processed and displayed on site.
所述的一种单相低温流体流量测量装置，其特征在于：整体测量装置在组装完毕之后，需进行标定才可以使用。The single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measuring device is characterized in that: after the assembly of the whole measuring device, it needs to be calibrated before it can be used.
本发明的工作原理是：文丘里流量计是基于连续性方程和伯努利方程为基础的。充满管道的流体，当它流经管道内的喉部时，流速将在喉部形成局部收缩，因而流速增加，静压力降低，于是在喉部前后产生压差。流速越大，产生的差压愈大，这样可以依据差压来衡量流量的大小。计算公式如下：The working principle of the present invention is that the Venturi flowmeter is based on the continuity equation and the Bernoulli equation. When the fluid filled with the pipe flows through the throat in the pipe, the flow velocity will form a local contraction in the throat, so the flow velocity will increase and the static pressure will decrease, so a pressure difference will be generated before and after the throat. The greater the flow rate, the greater the differential pressure generated, so that the flow rate can be measured according to the differential pressure. Calculated as follows:
其中，qm为质量流量，kg/s；d为喉部直径，m；△P为进口取压管与喉部取压管的差压，Pa；ρ为流体密度，由上游压力测量值和上游温度测量值查得，㎏/m3；β为喉部内径d与管道内径D之比，即管径比；C为流出系数，由实验标定得出。Among them, qm is the mass flow rate, kg/s; d is the diameter of the throat, m; △P is the differential pressure between the inlet pressure pipe and the throat pressure pipe, Pa; The temperature measurement value is checked, ㎏/m3; β is the ratio of the inner diameter d of the throat to the inner diameter D of the pipe, that is, the pipe diameter ratio; C is the outflow coefficient, which is obtained from the experimental calibration.
本发明的优点为：测量精度高，应用的温区极广，几乎涵盖整个温区，同时其结构简单，造价便宜，具有永久压力损失小、要求的前后直管段长段短、寿命长等特点。The advantages of the present invention are: high measurement accuracy, extremely wide application temperature range, covering almost the entire temperature range, simple structure, low cost, small permanent pressure loss, short required front and rear straight pipe sections, long service life, etc. .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
参见图1所示，本发明包括有文丘里管6，文丘里管6由从左向右依次同轴连通的圆筒收缩管段A、喉部直管段B和圆筒渐扩管段C构成，且文丘里管6左端管口同轴连接有进口管3，文丘里管6右端管口同轴连接有出口管7，进口管3中安装有上游压力传感器1、上游温度传感器2，文丘里管6靠近左端管口的侧部旁路连通有上游取压管4，文丘里管6对应喉部直管段B的侧部旁路连通有喉部取压管5，且上游取压管4、喉部取压管5之间接入有压差传感器△P，上游压力传感器1的压力信号、上游温度传感器2的温度信号、压差传感器△P的差压信号分别采集至计算机8处理显示。Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes a Venturi tube 6, and the Venturi tube 6 is composed of a cylindrical shrinkage tube section A, a throat straight tube section B and a cylindrical expanding tube section C that are coaxially communicated in sequence from left to right, and The mouth of the left end of the Venturi tube 6 is coaxially connected with the inlet pipe 3, the mouth of the right end of the Venturi tube 6 is coaxially connected with the outlet pipe 7, and the inlet pipe 3 is equipped with an upstream pressure sensor 1, an upstream temperature sensor 2, and a Venturi tube 6 The side bypass near the nozzle at the left end is connected with the upstream pressure-taking pipe 4, and the side bypass of the Venturi tube 6 corresponding to the throat straight pipe section B is connected with the throat pressure-taking pipe 5, and the upstream pressure-taking pipe 4, the throat A differential pressure sensor ΔP is connected between the pressure tubes 5, and the pressure signal of the upstream pressure sensor 1, the temperature signal of the upstream temperature sensor 2, and the differential pressure signal of the differential pressure sensor ΔP are respectively collected to the computer 8 for processing and display.
本发明中，文丘里管6是可在低温下使用的材料做成，一般为金属及合金材料。优选地，由不锈钢做成。文丘里管6的圆筒收缩管段A、喉部直管段B和圆筒渐扩管段C可一体加工成型，也可以在保证加工精度情况下，分段加工，然后通过适当的连接方式组成整体。在低温区工作的流量测量装置的文丘里管6，可由机加工、铸造、3D打印等其他技术成型。In the present invention, the Venturi tube 6 is made of materials that can be used at low temperatures, generally metal and alloy materials. Preferably, made of stainless steel. The cylindrical shrinkage tube section A, the throat straight tube section B and the cylindrical expanding tube section C of the Venturi tube 6 can be processed in one piece, or they can be processed in sections under the condition of ensuring the processing accuracy, and then formed into a whole through an appropriate connection method. The Venturi tube 6 of the flow measuring device working in the low temperature region can be formed by machining, casting, 3D printing and other technologies.
进口管3、出口管7与文丘里管6可通过螺纹、法兰、焊接以及其他方式连接。优选地，焊接形式。The inlet pipe 3, the outlet pipe 7 and the Venturi pipe 6 can be connected by threads, flanges, welding and other methods. Preferably, welded form.
进口取压管4和喉部取压管5单个管壁取压口的形式，用环室或均压环相连。所述的进口管3的长度至少为其内径的10倍。The inlet pressure-taking pipe 4 and the throat pressure-taking pipe 5 are in the form of a single pipe wall pressure-taking port, and are connected with an annular chamber or a pressure equalizing ring. The length of the inlet pipe 3 is at least 10 times its inner diameter.
出口管7的长度至少为其内径的5倍。上游压力传感器1和上游温度传感器2安装在距上游取压管至少5倍进口管内径的距离。The length of the outlet pipe 7 is at least 5 times its inner diameter. The upstream pressure sensor 1 and the upstream temperature sensor 2 are installed at a distance of at least 5 times the inner diameter of the inlet pipe from the upstream pressure pipe.
压力、温度和差压信号也通过计算机8采集处理显示，也可以现场采集处理显示。The pressure, temperature and differential pressure signals are also collected, processed and displayed by the computer 8, and can also be collected, processed and displayed on site.
单相低温流体流量测量装置在组装完毕之后，需进行标定才可以使用。After the single-phase cryogenic fluid flow measurement device is assembled, it needs to be calibrated before it can be used.
本发明的工作方式如下：文丘里流量计是基于连续性方程和伯努利方程为基础的。充满管道的流体，当它流经管道内的喉部时，流速将在喉部形成局部收缩，因而流速增加，静压力降低，于是在喉部前后产生压差。流速越大，产生的差压愈大，这样可以依据差压来衡量流量的大小。The invention works as follows: The Venturi flow meter is based on the continuity equation and the Bernoulli equation. When the fluid filled with the pipe flows through the throat in the pipe, the flow velocity will form a local contraction in the throat, so the flow velocity will increase and the static pressure will decrease, so a pressure difference will be generated before and after the throat. The greater the flow rate, the greater the differential pressure generated, so that the flow rate can be measured according to the differential pressure.
尽管上文对本发明的具体实施方式通过实例进行了详细的描述和说明，但应该指明的是，本领域的技术人员可以对上述实施方式进行各种改变和修改，但这些都不脱离本发明的精神和权利要求所记载的范围。Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated in detail above through examples, it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the above embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention. The spirit and scope described in the claims.
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| CN106092221A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 成都南方电子仪表有限公司 | A kind of fluid measurement instrument |
| CN106289419A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-01-04 | 三峡大学 | A kind of injection 3D prints flow estimation method |
| CN109667798A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-23 | 洛阳绿潮环保科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligence note control device ensureing boat coal quality |
| CN109799362A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-24 | 河南省国测计量研究院有限公司 | A kind of Flow speed measurer |
| CN110005955A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-12 | 武汉启诚生物技术有限公司 | A negative pressure self-priming fluid dead space destruction device |
| CN111632569A (en) * | 2020-05-24 | 2020-09-08 | 西安交通大学 | A Flow Corrosion-Salt Deposition Device for Coupling of Supercritical Water Oxidation Reaction |
| CN111982214A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 中国人民解放军63919部队 | Micro-differential pressure ventilation flow sensor venturi tube |
| CN112362116A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-12 | 广东万和新电气股份有限公司 | Smoke exhaust pipe, gas device, testing device and smoke flow testing method thereof |
| CN113741557A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling critical flow of ground wet steam |
| CN119023002A (en) * | 2024-10-25 | 2024-11-26 | 金华市水利水电勘测设计院有限公司 | A dam body temperature monitoring system |
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| CN106092221A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 成都南方电子仪表有限公司 | A kind of fluid measurement instrument |
| CN106289419A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-01-04 | 三峡大学 | A kind of injection 3D prints flow estimation method |
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| CN110005955A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-12 | 武汉启诚生物技术有限公司 | A negative pressure self-priming fluid dead space destruction device |
| CN111632569A (en) * | 2020-05-24 | 2020-09-08 | 西安交通大学 | A Flow Corrosion-Salt Deposition Device for Coupling of Supercritical Water Oxidation Reaction |
| CN113741557A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling critical flow of ground wet steam |
| CN111982214A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 中国人民解放军63919部队 | Micro-differential pressure ventilation flow sensor venturi tube |
| CN112362116A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-12 | 广东万和新电气股份有限公司 | Smoke exhaust pipe, gas device, testing device and smoke flow testing method thereof |
| CN119023002A (en) * | 2024-10-25 | 2024-11-26 | 金华市水利水电勘测设计院有限公司 | A dam body temperature monitoring system |
| CN119023002B (en) * | 2024-10-25 | 2025-03-07 | 金华市水利水电勘测设计院有限公司 | Dam body temperature monitoring system |
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Application publication date: 20160427 |