CN105519305B - A kind of corn cob stem and harvesting table of corn cob stem and harvesting platform with helper roller type - Google Patents

A kind of corn cob stem and harvesting table of corn cob stem and harvesting platform with helper roller type Download PDF

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CN105519305B
CN105519305B CN201610075405.0A CN201610075405A CN105519305B CN 105519305 B CN105519305 B CN 105519305B CN 201610075405 A CN201610075405 A CN 201610075405A CN 105519305 B CN105519305 B CN 105519305B
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ear
corn
stem
stalk
breaking
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CN105519305A (en
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李其昀
贾晓东
程修沛
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Shandong University of Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/02Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting
    • A01D45/021Cornheaders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/02Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting
    • A01D45/021Cornheaders
    • A01D45/025Snapping rolls
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D47/00Headers for topping of plants, e.g. stalks with ears
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D75/00Accessories for harvesters or mowers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
  • Outside Dividers And Delivering Mechanisms For Harvesters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,属于玉米收获机械机械技术领域,包括扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置、果穗收集装置、集秆回收装置、切茬还田装置、机架,该割台采取模块化设计,每组作为一个独立单体,可以组成不同收获行数的玉米收获机系列;扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置位于割台的最前方,进行扶禾、喂入、切断、掰穗等作业情况;果穗收集装置设置于扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置的下方,便于果穗的收集和输送;集秆回收装置安装在扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置的后上方,回收上部玉米秸秆;秸秆还田装置放置在后下方,用于切碎玉米根茬和下部秸秆的还田。

The invention relates to a corn ear stalk and harvesting table of the corn harvesting roller type, ear breaking, stalk collecting, stalk cutting and stubble returning to the field, which belongs to the technical field of corn harvesting machinery and machinery, and includes an integrated device for pulling stalks and ear breaking, an ear collecting device, and a stalk collection device. Device, stubble cutting and returning device, frame, the header adopts modular design, and each group is an independent unit, which can form a series of corn harvesters with different numbers of harvesting rows; At the forefront of the plant, carry out operations such as lifting, feeding, cutting, and ear breaking; the ear collection device is set under the integrated device for pulling stems and ear breaking in the Fuhe, which is convenient for the collection and transportation of the ears; the stalk collection device is installed in the Fuhe The upper part of the integrated device for pulling stems and breaking ears is used to recycle the upper part of corn stalks; the device for returning corn stalks to the field is placed on the lower part of the rear, which is used for chopping corn stubble and returning the lower part of the corn stalks to the field.

Description

一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台A kind of corn cob stem and harvesting table of corn cob stem and harvesting platform with helper roller type

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及到一种适用于安装在玉米收获机的上,具体涉及一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,属于玉米收获机械技术领域。The invention relates to a stand suitable for being installed on a corn harvester, in particular to a corn ear stalk and harvesting platform of a corn cob harvesting platform of a corn ear harvester and harvester of a corn harvesting roller type.

背景技术Background technique

玉米收获割台是玉米收获机最重要的工作部件,目前根据工作方式主要分为辊式摘穗收获割台和板式摘穗收获割台。但是传统玉米收获机割台主要存在着以下问题:不对行收获问题,现有的玉米收获机无法与农艺相配套,不能适应不同的玉米种植规格,无法进行跨区域作业;辊式摘穗收获割台是靠输送辊对玉米茎秆和果穗的拉伸与挤压作用完成摘穗,对果穗根部产生挤压和揉搓的作用力,极易啃伤玉米穗,籽粒损伤严重;板式摘穗收获割台是通过挡穗板卡住玉米果穗的根部,由拉茎辊强行将玉米茎秆拉断以实现摘穗,容易造成断茎、堵塞和动力消耗大等问题;传统玉米收获机摘穗后将玉米秸秆压倒,难以还田打碎,后期再进行秸秆还田机作业,增加了作业成本。因此,为了解决以上问题,亟需探寻新原理和设计新装置。The corn harvesting header is the most important working part of the corn harvester. At present, according to the working method, it is mainly divided into a roller-type ear-picking harvesting header and a plate-type ear-picking harvesting header. However, the traditional corn harvester header mainly has the following problems: the problem of misaligned harvesting, the existing corn harvester cannot be matched with agronomy, cannot adapt to different corn planting specifications, and cannot perform cross-regional operations; The platform relies on the stretching and squeezing action of the conveying roller on the corn stalk and ear to complete the ear picking, which produces a squeezing and rubbing force on the root of the ear, which can easily damage the corn ear and cause serious damage to the grain; plate-type ear picking is harvested The platform uses the ear baffle to clamp the root of the corn ear, and the corn stalk is forcibly broken by the stalk roller to achieve ear picking, which is likely to cause problems such as broken stem, blockage, and high power consumption; after picking the ear, the traditional corn harvester will The corn stalks are overwhelmed and difficult to return to the field and smashed. The straw returning machine will be used later, which increases the operating cost. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgent to explore new principles and design new devices.

根据研究发现,人们进行人工掰穗的弯曲折断方式,不会产生损伤玉米现象,并且动力消耗较小,成为研究玉米收获摘穗新方法的基础。According to the research, the bending and breaking method of artificially breaking the ears will not cause damage to the corn, and the power consumption is small, which has become the basis for the study of new methods for harvesting and picking ears of corn.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,能够解决现有玉米收获机存在的技术问题,避免了玉米籽粒损失,减少了动力消耗,提高行距适应性,实现了穗茎兼收。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of corn cob and stem and harvesting table of the type of corn ear harvester, which can solve the technical problems existing in the existing corn harvester, avoid the loss of corn kernels, and reduce the Reduce power consumption, improve the adaptability of row spacing, and realize both ears and stems.

本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,包括扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置、果穗收集装置、集秆回收装置、切茬还田装置、机架,该割台采取模块化设计,每组作为一个单体,通过机架与拖拉机或自走收获主机相连,能够适用于1~50行不同玉米收获机系列。扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置包括分禾器、扶禾辊、变速箱、拨禾轮、切割器、单体托架和拉茎掰穗辊组成,位于割台的最前方;集秆收集装置包括拨秆轮和茎秆收集搅龙,放置在拉茎掰穗一体装置的后上方;果穗收集装置包括果穗输送搅龙、果穗收集斗和果穗输送器,位于扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置的后下方;切茬还田装置放置在果穗收集装置的下方,由切茬装置和切碎还田装置组成,用于切碎玉米根茬和下部茎秆。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a corn cob stem and harvesting platform of the corn cob harvesting platform of the corn cob harvesting platform of the grain-supporting roller type, ear collection device, ear collection device, and harvesting platform. Stalk recovery device, stubble cutting and returning device, frame, the header adopts a modular design, each group is a single unit, connected with a tractor or a self-propelled harvesting host through a frame, and can be used for harvesting 1 to 50 rows of different corn machine series. The integrated device for pulling stems and breaking ears consists of a grain divider, a helping roller, a gearbox, a reel, a cutter, a single bracket and a stem pulling and breaking roller, which is located at the front of the header; the stalk collecting device It includes the stalk pulling wheel and the stalk collecting auger, which are placed on the rear and upper part of the integrated device for pulling stems and breaking ears; the ear collecting device includes ear conveying augers, ear collecting buckets and ear conveyors, which are located at the top of the integrated device for pulling stems and breaking ears. Rear bottom: The stubble cutting and returning device is placed under the ear collection device, which is composed of a stubble cutting device and a chopping and returning device, which are used to chop corn stubble and lower stalks.

进一步具体说明技术方案:分禾器与扶禾辊连接,位于割台的最前面,能够捡拾起倒伏较严重的玉米植株,扩大了行距适应性和扶持各种玉米植株状态的能力,尤其是对倒伏玉米植株;扶禾辊通过变速箱与拉茎掰穗辊连接,扶禾辊的上方配有拨禾轮,拨禾轮用来克服连接处的输送死点,喂入玉米植株;切割器放置在拉茎掰穗轮入口端部的正下方;果穗收集斗在拉茎掰穗辊的后下方,向下倾斜,与果穗收集搅龙相连,果穗收集搅龙通过果穗输送器把玉米果穗输送到玉米收获机后面的集粮箱;拨秆轮安装在拉茎掰穗辊的后上方,将抽出的上部茎秆拨入到茎秆收集搅龙;茎秆收集搅龙设置切碎刀片,在收集茎秆的同时进一步切碎玉米茎秆;切茬还田装置设置在割台的后下方,用于切茬和粉碎下部茎秆还田。Further specifically explain the technical solution: the grain divider is connected with the grain-supporting roller and is located at the front of the header, which can pick up corn plants with serious lodging, and expands the adaptability of row spacing and the ability to support various corn plant states, especially for corn plants. Lodging the corn plants; the helping roller is connected with the stem pulling and ear breaking roller through the gearbox, and there is a reel above the helping roller, which is used to overcome the dead point of the connection and feed the corn plants; the cutter is placed It is directly below the entrance end of the stem pulling and ear breaking wheel; the ear collection bucket is behind and below the stem pulling and ear breaking roller, inclined downward, and connected with the ear collecting auger, and the ear collecting auger transports the corn ears to the corn ear through the ear conveyor. The grain collection box at the back of the corn harvester; the stalk pulling wheel is installed above the rear and upper part of the stem pulling and ear breaking roller, and the extracted upper stalk is dialed into the stalk collecting auger; the stalk collecting auger is equipped with a chopping blade, While cutting the stalks, the corn stalks are further chopped; the stubble cutting and returning device is installed at the rear and lower part of the header, which is used for cutting stubble and crushing the lower stalks for returning to the field.

工作时,玉米收获机将动力通过传统系统传动给割台,割台各个部分开始运转,玉米植株经分禾器和扶禾搅龙的捡拾和扶持,在拨禾轮的配合作用下喂入到拉茎掰穗辊;玉米植株在喂入的同时,切割器从下部切断茎秆,上部带有果穗的玉米植株在相向运动的拉茎掰穗辊夹持作用下向上向后输送和拉茎,玉米果穗碰到拉茎掰穗辊受到向下的侧向力作用,掰下玉米果穗,玉米果穗掉落到果穗收集斗,倾斜滑落到果穗输送搅龙,果穗输送搅龙向中间或一侧收集,通过果穗输送器输送到集粮箱;掰下果穗的上部玉米秸秆在被拉茎掰穗辊向上拉茎,同时旋转的拨秆轮将秸秆拨入茎秆收集搅龙,拨秆收集搅龙带有切碎刀,一边进行收集一边进行切碎,最后输送到集草箱;下部未带有果穗的玉米秸秆在切茬还田装置的作用下,进行挖茬和粉碎还田作业。When working, the corn harvester transmits the power to the header through the traditional system, and each part of the header starts to run. The corn plants are picked up and supported by the grain divider and the auger, and are fed to the harvester under the cooperation of the reel. Stem pulling and ear breaking roller; while the corn plants are being fed, the cutter cuts the stalks from the lower part, and the corn plants with ears on the upper part are conveyed and pulled upwards and backwards under the clamping action of the stem pulling and ear breaking rollers moving in opposite directions. The ear of corn hits the stem pulling roller and receives the downward lateral force, the ear of corn is broken off, the ear of corn falls to the ear collection bucket, and slides down to the ear conveying auger, and the ear conveying auger collects in the middle or one side , transported to the grain collection box through the ear conveyor; the corn stalks on the upper part of the ear are pulled up by the stem breaking roller, and the rotating stalk wheel at the same time dials the straw into the stalk collection auger, and the stalk collection auger Equipped with a chopping knife, it can be chopped while being collected, and finally transported to the grass collection box; the corn stalks without ears in the lower part are dug and crushed and returned to the field under the action of the stubble cutting and returning device.

本发明的有益效果是:1)该割台结构紧凑,工作可靠,性能稳定,提高了玉米收获效率;2)分禾器和扶禾搅龙配合使用,增加了玉米收获割台的行距适应性,提高了对不同玉米植株状态的捡拾和扶持能力,尤其是对倒伏状态下的玉米植株,有利于进行跨区作业;3)拉茎掰穗辊改变了传统的摘穗方式,边拉茎边掰穗,解决了果穗损伤问题;4)切割刀的高度可调,可以根据要求进行上下调节,实现玉米茎秆全部回收或部分回收部分还田;5)该割台高度可以进行调节,能够适应不同结穗高度的玉米植株,提高对不同玉米品种的适应性。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) the header is compact in structure, reliable in operation, stable in performance, and improves the harvesting efficiency of corn; 2) the combined use of the grain divider and the auger increases the row spacing adaptability of the corn harvesting header , which improves the ability to pick up and support corn plants in different states, especially for corn plants in a lodging state, which is conducive to cross-regional operations; Ear breaking solves the problem of ear damage; 4) The height of the cutting knife is adjustable and can be adjusted up and down according to requirements to realize the recovery of all corn stalks or partial recovery and partial return to the field; 5) The height of the header can be adjusted to adapt to Corn plants with different ear heights improve the adaptability to different corn varieties.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a corn cob stem and harvesting platform of a corn cob stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stalk and harvesting platform;

图2是扶禾辊—拉茎掰穗辊组合的俯视图;Fig. 2 is the top view of the combination of the grain-holding roller-pulling the stem and breaking the fringe;

图3是拉茎掰穗辊结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the stem-pulling and fringe-breaking roller;

图4是茎秆收集搅龙主视图;Fig. 4 is a front view of the stalk collecting auger;

图5是茎秆收集搅龙左视图。Fig. 5 is a left view of the stalk collecting auger.

附图中:1. 分禾器、2. 扶禾辊、3. 果穗输送搅龙、4. 果穗收集斗、5. 拉茎掰穗辊、6. 变速箱、7. 单体托架、8. 拨禾轮、9. 拨秆轮、10. 茎秆收集搅龙、11. 果穗输送器、12. 传动箱、13. 切茬装置、14. 切碎还田装置、15. 机架、16. 切割器。In the attached drawings: 1. Grain divider, 2. Grain support roller, 3. Ear conveying auger, 4. Ear collecting bucket, 5. Stem pulling and ear breaking roller, 6. Gearbox, 7. Single bracket, 8 . Grass reel, 9. Stalk reel, 10. Stalk collection auger, 11. Ear conveyor, 12. Transmission box, 13. Stubble cutting device, 14. Chopped and returned device, 15. Rack, 16 . slicer.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图给出的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments given by the accompanying drawings.

一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,包括扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置、果穗收集装置、集秆回收装置、切茬还田装置、机架(15),其特征在于:扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置包括分禾器(1)、扶禾辊(2)、变速箱(6)、拨禾轮(8)、切割器(16)、单体托架(7)和拉茎掰穗辊(5)组成,位于割台的最前方;集秆收集装置包括拨秆轮(9)和茎秆收集搅龙(10),放置在拉茎掰穗一体装置的上方;果穗收集装置包括果穗输送搅龙(3)、果穗收集斗(4)和果穗输送器(11),位于扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置的后下方;切茬还田装置放置在果穗收集装置的下方,由切茬装置(13)和切碎还田装置(14)组成,用于切碎玉米根茬和下部茎秆。A corn cob and stem harvesting platform of the Fuhe roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble, and returning to the field, including an integrated device for pulling and pulling stems and breaking ears, an ear collection device, a stalk collection and recovery device, a device for cutting stubble and returning to the field, and a frame ( 15), characterized in that: the integrated device for pulling the stems and breaking ears of grains includes a grain divider (1), a grain roller (2), a gearbox (6), a grain reel (8), a cutter (16), a single The body bracket (7) and the stem pulling roller (5) are located at the forefront of the header; the stalk collecting device includes the stalk pulling wheel (9) and the stem collecting auger (10), which is placed on the stem pulling and breaking roller (5). Above the ear integrated device; the ear collecting device includes the ear conveying auger (3), the ear collecting bucket (4) and the ear conveyor (11), which is located at the rear and lower part of the Fuhe pull stem and ear breaking integrated device; the stubble cutting and returning device Placed below the ear collection device, it consists of a stubble cutting device (13) and a chopping and returning device (14), which are used to chop corn stubble and lower stems.

该割台采取模块化设计,每组作为一个独立单体,通过机架(15)及拖拉机或自走收获主机相连,适用于1~50行不同玉米收获机系列。The header adopts a modular design, and each group is an independent unit, which is connected by a frame (15) and a tractor or a self-propelled harvesting host, and is suitable for 1 to 50 rows of different corn harvester series.

扶禾辊(2)与分禾器(1)连接,放置在割台最前方,配合完成对不同状态的玉米植扶禾和向后输送作用,扶禾辊(2)与地面呈β角,β角范围0°~90°可调。The helper roller (2) is connected with the grain divider (1) and placed at the front of the cutting platform to cooperate with the completion of the corn planting and backward transportation in different states. The helper roller (2) forms a β angle with the ground, The β angle range is adjustable from 0° to 90°.

割台的每对扶禾辊(2)间存在一个可调夹角,调节范围0°~180°,扶禾辊(2)根据玉米种植规格的大小进行调整。There is an adjustable angle between each pair of grain-supporting rollers (2) on the header, and the adjustment range is 0°~180°. The grain-supporting rollers (2) are adjusted according to the size of the corn planting specifications.

扶禾辊(2)通过变速箱(6)与拉茎掰穗辊(5)相连接,能够根据实际情况调节变速箱的角度来实现扶禾辊(2)与拉茎掰穗辊(5)的夹角变化,调节范围0°~180°。The helping roller (2) is connected with the stem pulling roller (5) through the gearbox (6), and the angle of the gearbox can be adjusted according to the actual situation to realize the lifting roller (2) and the stem pulling roller (5) The included angle changes, the adjustment range is 0°~180°.

拨禾轮(8)相向转动向后拨动植株,克服输送过程中的死点,拨禾轮(8)的中间是一个圆盘,圆盘周边连接拨齿,拨齿随圆盘转动进行拨禾喂入,拨齿形状为圆柱体在其轴线上某一点折弯一定角度,折弯点根据作业要求可自由选择,折弯角度α根据作业需要可在0°~90°之间设定。The reel (8) rotates in opposite directions to move the plants backward to overcome the dead point in the transportation process. There is a disc in the middle of the reel (8), and the dial is connected to the dial around the disc. For grain feeding, the shape of the shifting teeth is that a cylinder is bent at a certain angle at a certain point on its axis. The bending point can be freely selected according to the operation requirements. The bending angle α can be set between 0°~90° according to the operation requirements.

拉茎掰穗辊(5)互为正、逆时针向外旋转,与地面成前高后低的倾斜状态,角度α范围0°~90°可调,拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端距离地面距离H可调,H调节范围0.5~1米,高度能够根据实际需要进行调整,适应不同玉米结穗高度。The stem pulling and fringe breaking rollers (5) rotate positively and counterclockwise outwards, forming an inclined state with the ground in a high front and low rear. The angle α range is adjustable from 0° to 90°. The inlet end of the stem pulling and fringe breaking rollers (5) The distance H from the ground is adjustable, and the adjustment range of H is 0.5~1 meter. The height can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different corn ear heights.

拉茎掰穗辊(5)上面设置输送掰穗拉筋,玉米喂入之后一边向后输送一边向上拉茎,输送筋为多头螺旋线形式,螺旋头数取值范围1~10条,拉茎是与轴线平行的拉筋,每圈1~10条取值。The stem pulling roller (5) is equipped with conveying, ear breaking and tendon pulling. After the corn is fed, it is conveyed backward while pulling the stem upward. The conveying rib is in the form of a multi-head spiral. The number of spiral heads ranges from 1 to 10. It is a tie bar parallel to the axis, and the value is 1~10 for each circle.

切割器(16)位于拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端部的正下方,切割器(16)的割刀距离地面高度h可调,h取值范围0~1米,用来控制下部秸秆切断高度。The cutter (16) is located directly below the entrance end of the stem pulling roller (5), the height h of the cutting knife of the cutter (16) from the ground is adjustable, and the value of h ranges from 0 to 1 meter, which is used to control the lower straw Cut off height.

拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端距离地面距离H和切割器(16)的割刀距离地面高度h可以分别进行单独调节,也可以配合调节,适应不同的玉米品种,能够根据需要进行完整秸秆回收或者部分还田部分回收,h取值范围0~2米,H取值范围1~4米。The distance H from the entrance end of the stem pulling roller (5) to the ground and the height h of the cutting knife of the cutter (16) from the ground can be adjusted individually or in conjunction with adjustments to adapt to different corn varieties and complete straw cutting as needed. Recycling or partial return to the field and partial recovery, h ranges from 0 to 2 meters, and H ranges from 1 to 4 meters.

拨秆轮(9)放置在拉茎掰穗辊(5)的后上方,拨秆轮(9)后下方设置茎秆收集搅龙(10),两者配合对上部掰穗后的玉米秸秆拨送和回收。The stalk pulling wheel (9) is placed above the rear and upper part of the stalk pulling roller (5), and the stalk collecting auger (10) is arranged below the stalk pulling wheel (9). Delivery and recycling.

茎秆收集搅龙(10)螺旋叶片上带有切碎刀片,茎秆收集搅龙(10)在收集秸秆的同时再次进行切碎,10°~180°安装,并对应安装定刀,当茎秆收集搅龙(10)的出口位置偏一边单向收集秸秆时,可在出口附近的一侧搅龙叶片上单向安装切碎刀具,当茎秆收集搅龙(10)的出口位置在中间时,可在两侧双向安装切碎刀具。The stalk collection auger (10) has a chopping blade on the helical blade, and the stalk collection auger (10) chops the stalk again at the same time. It is installed at 10°~180°, and a fixed knife is installed correspondingly. When the outlet position of the stalk collecting auger (10) is on one side to collect straw in one direction, a chopping knife can be installed on the blade of the auger on the side near the outlet in one direction; when the outlet position of the stalk collecting auger (10) is in the middle , the shredding knives can be installed bidirectionally on both sides.

茎秆收集搅龙(10)螺旋叶片上带有切碎刀片,切碎刀片的刀型呈现锯齿状,锯齿长度0~100mm,锯齿刀型沿一组五阶光滑曲线“”排列生成。The stem collection auger (10) has a chopping blade on the helical blade. The knife shape of the chopping blade is serrated, and the length of the sawtooth is 0-100mm. "Arrangement generated.

最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1.一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,包括扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置、果穗收集装置、集秆回收装置、切茬还田装置、机架(15),其特征在于:扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置包括分禾器(1)、扶禾辊(2)、变速箱(6)、拨禾轮(8)、切割器(16)、单体托架(7)和拉茎掰穗辊(5)组成,位于割台的最前方;集秆收集装置包括拨秆轮(9)和茎秆收集搅龙(10),放置在拉茎掰穗一体装置的后上方;果穗收集装置包括果穗输送搅龙(3)、果穗收集斗(4)和果穗输送器(11),位于扶禾拉茎掰穗一体装置的后下方;切茬还田装置放置在果穗收集装置的下方,由切茬装置(13)和切碎还田装置(14)组成,用于切碎玉米根茬和下部茎秆;工作时,玉米收获机将动力通过传统系统传动给割台,割台各个部分开始运转,玉米植株经分禾器(1)和扶禾辊(2)的捡拾和扶持,在拨禾轮(8)的配合作用下喂入到拉茎掰穗辊(5);玉米植株在喂入的同时,切割器(16)从下部切断茎秆,上部带有果穗的玉米植株在相向运动的拉茎掰穗辊(5)夹持作用下向上向后输送和拉茎,玉米果穗碰到拉茎掰穗辊(5)受到向下的侧向力作用,掰下玉米果穗,玉米果穗掉落到果穗收集斗(4),倾斜滑落到果穗输送搅龙(3),果穗输送搅龙(3)向中间或一侧收集,通过果穗输送器(11)输送到集粮箱;掰下果穗的上部玉米秸秆在被拉茎掰穗辊(5)向上拉茎,同时旋转的拨秆轮(9)将秸秆拨入茎秆收集搅龙(10),拨秆收集搅龙(10)带有切碎刀,一边进行收集一边进行切碎,最后输送到集草箱;下部未带有果穗的玉米秸秆在切茬还田装置的作用下,被挖茬和粉碎还田,完成全部作业。1. A corn ear stalk and harvesting platform of the corn ear and stalk harvesting and stalk-collecting and stalk-cutting and returning-to-the-field type corn ear-stem and harvesting platform of the Fuhe roller type, which includes an integrated device for pulling the stalk and breaking the ear, an ear collecting device, a stalk-collecting and recycling device, a stubble-cutting and returning-to-the-field device, and a machine. The frame (15) is characterized in that: the integrated device for pulling the stems and breaking the ear of the grain includes a grain divider (1), a grain support roller (2), a gearbox (6), a grain reel (8), and a cutter (16) , a single bracket (7) and a stem pulling roller (5), which are located at the front of the header; the stalk collecting device includes a stalk pulling wheel (9) and a stalk collecting auger (10), placed on the pulling The upper rear part of the integrated stem and ear breaking device; the ear collecting device includes the ear conveying auger (3), the ear collecting bucket (4) and the ear conveyor (11), which is located at the rear and lower part of the integrated stem breaking and ear breaking device of Fuhe; the stubble cutting device The field returning device is placed under the ear collecting device and consists of a stubble cutting device (13) and a chopping and field returning device (14), which are used to chop corn stubble and lower stalks; when working, the corn harvester will power through The traditional system is transmitted to the header, and all parts of the header start to operate. The corn plants are picked up and supported by the grain divider (1) and the grain roller (2), and are fed to the puller under the cooperation of the grain reel (8). Stem breaking ear roller (5); while the corn plants are being fed, the cutter (16) cuts off the stalks from the lower part, and the corn plants with ears on the upper part are clamped by the stem pulling and ear breaking rollers (5) moving in opposite directions. Convey and pull the stalk upwards and backwards, the ear of corn hits the stem pulling roller (5) and receives the downward lateral force, the ear of corn is broken off, the ear of corn falls to the ear collection bucket (4), and slides down to the ear The conveying auger (3), the ear conveying auger (3) collects to the middle or one side, and is transported to the grain collection box through the ear conveyor (11); ) pulls the stem upwards, and the rotating stalk wheel (9) at the same time pushes the stalks into the stalk collection auger (10). Transported to the grass collection box; under the action of the stubble cutting and returning device, the corn stalks without ears in the lower part are dug and crushed and returned to the field to complete all operations. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:该割台采取模块化设计,每组作为一个独立单体,通过机架(15)与拖拉机或者自走收获主机相连,可以组成1~50行玉米收获机系列。2. According to claim 1, a corn ear stalk and harvesting platform of the corn cob and stalk harvesting platform of the corn cob and stalk harvesting platform with the helper roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble, and returning to the field, is characterized in that: the header adopts a modular design, and each group is an independent unit , connected with a tractor or a self-propelled harvester through a frame (15), it can form a series of corn harvesters with 1 to 50 rows. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:扶禾辊(2)与分禾器(1)连接,放置在割台最前方,配合完成对正常生长及倒伏玉米植株的扶禾和向后输送作用,扶禾辊(2)与地面呈β角,β角范围0°~90°可调。3. A corn ear stalk and harvesting platform with a grain-supporting roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble and returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grain-supporting roller (2) is connected with the grain divider (1), Placed at the front of the header, it cooperates to complete the lifting and backward transportation of normal growth and lodging corn plants. The lifting roller (2) forms a β angle with the ground, and the β angle range is adjustable from 0° to 90°. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:扶禾辊(2)通过变速箱(6)与拉茎掰穗辊(5)相连接,能够根据实际情况调节变速箱的角度来实现扶禾辊(2)与拉茎掰穗辊(5)的夹角变化,调节范围0°~180°。4. A corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stem and harvesting platform with the helper roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble and returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the helper roller (2) is connected with the stem puller through the gearbox (6) The fringe breaking rollers (5) are connected to each other, and the angle of the gearbox can be adjusted according to the actual situation to realize the change of the included angle between the grain holding roller (2) and the stem pulling and fringe breaking roller (5), and the adjustment range is 0°~180°. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:拉茎掰穗辊(5)与地面成前高后低的倾斜状态,角度α范围0°~90°可调,拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端距离地面距离H可调,H调节范围0.5~1米,高度能够根据实际需要进行调整,适应不同玉米结穗高度。5. A corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stem and harvesting platform with the helper roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble and returning to the field according to claim 1. In the tilted state, the angle α range is adjustable from 0° to 90°, the distance H from the entrance of the stem pulling roller (5) to the ground is adjustable, and the adjustment range of H is 0.5 to 1 meter. The height can be adjusted according to actual needs, adapting to different Ear height of corn. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:拉茎掰穗辊(5)上面设置输送掰穗拉筋,玉米喂入之后一边向后输送一边向上拉茎,输送筋为多头螺旋线形式,拉茎是与轴线平行的拉筋。6. According to claim 1, a corn cob stem and harvesting platform of a corn cob harvesting platform with a grain-supporting roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble, and returning to the field, is characterized in that: the stem pulling and ear breaking roller (5) is equipped with conveying, breaking ears and stretching tendons After the corn is fed, the stem is pulled upwards while being conveyed backward. The conveying rib is in the form of a multi-headed helix, and the stem is drawn parallel to the axis. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:切割器(16)位于拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端部的正下方,切割器(16)的割刀距离地面高度h可调,h取值范围0~1米,用来控制下部秸秆切断高度。7. A corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stem and harvesting platform with the helper roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble and returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutter (16) is located at the entrance of the stem pulling and ear breaking roller (5) Directly below the end, the height h of the cutting knife of the cutter (16) from the ground is adjustable, and the value of h ranges from 0 to 1 meter, which is used to control the cutting height of the lower straw. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:拉茎掰穗辊(5)入口端距离地面距离H和切割器(16)的割刀距离地面高度h可以分别进行单独调节,也可以配合调节,适应不同的玉米品种,能够根据需要进行完整秸秆回收或者部分还田部分回收,h取值范围0~2米,H取值范围1~4米。8. A corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear harvesting roller type according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the entrance end of the stem pulling roller (5) and the ground is H and The height h of the cutting knife of the cutter (16) from the ground can be adjusted individually, or can be adjusted together to adapt to different corn varieties, and can perform complete straw recovery or partial return to the field and partial recovery according to needs. The value range of h is 0~2 m, H ranges from 1 to 4 meters. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:拨秆轮(9)放置在拉茎掰穗辊(5)的后上方,拨秆轮(9)后下方设置茎秆收集搅龙(10),两者配合对上部掰穗后的玉米秸秆拨送和回收。9. A corn ear stem and harvesting platform of the corn ear stem and harvesting platform with the helper roller type breaking ears, collecting stalks, cutting stubble and returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stalk pulling wheel (9) is placed on the stem pulling and ear breaking roller (5 ), the stalk collection auger (10) is set at the rear and lower part of the stalk wheel (9), and the two cooperate to send and recycle the corn stalks after the ear is broken on the upper part. 10.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:茎秆收集搅龙(10)螺旋叶片上带有切碎刀片,茎秆收集搅龙(10)在收集秸秆的同时再次进行切碎,切碎刀片沿螺旋线方向每隔10°~180°安装,并对应安装定刀,当茎秆收集搅龙(10)的出口位置偏一边单向收集秸秆时,可在出口附近的一侧搅龙叶片上单向安装切碎刀具,当茎秆收集搅龙(10)的出口位置在中间时,可在两侧双向安装切碎刀具。10. A corn cob stem and harvesting platform of the corn cob harvesting platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the helical blade of the stalk collection auger (10) has a chopping blade. The blade and the stalk collecting auger (10) perform chopping again while collecting the stalks. The chopping blades are installed at intervals of 10°~180° along the helical direction, and fixed knives are installed correspondingly. When the stalk collecting auger (10 ) when the outlet position of the stalk collecting auger (10) is in the middle, the chopping cutter can be installed on one side of the auger blade near the outlet; Two-way mounted shredding knives. 11.根据权利要求1所述的一种扶禾辊式掰穗集秆切茬还田型玉米穗茎兼收割台,其特征在于:茎秆收集搅龙(10)螺旋叶片上带有切碎刀片,切碎刀片的刀型呈现锯齿状,锯齿高0~100mm,锯齿刀型沿一组五阶光滑曲线“”排列生成。11. A corn cob stem and harvesting platform of the corn cob harvesting platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the helical blade of the stalk collection auger (10) has a chopping blade. The knife shape of the blade and the chopping blade is serrated, the height of the sawtooth is 0~100mm, and the sawtooth knife shape is along a set of five-order smooth curves" "Arrangement generated.
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CN202232179U (en) * 2011-09-16 2012-05-30 山东理工大学 Corn ear and stem harvesting all-in-one machine
US20140130474A1 (en) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-15 Nathan D. Hulstein Snout height and tension adjustment
CN205357139U (en) * 2016-02-03 2016-07-06 山东理工大学 Hold up standing grain roll -type and break eager stubble of ear of grain collection stalk off with fingers and thumb and header is taken in concurrently to field type maize ear stem

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