CN105515121A - Balanced cascade structure, battery pack of balanced cascade structure and charge and discharge method of battery pack - Google Patents
Balanced cascade structure, battery pack of balanced cascade structure and charge and discharge method of battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN105515121A CN105515121A CN201610055969.8A CN201610055969A CN105515121A CN 105515121 A CN105515121 A CN 105515121A CN 201610055969 A CN201610055969 A CN 201610055969A CN 105515121 A CN105515121 A CN 105515121A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a balanced cascade structure, a battery pack of the balanced cascade structure and a charge and discharge method of the battery pack. Two types of DC-DC converters are adopted for a balance module in the balanced cascade structure, one of the converters is a non-isolated DC-DC converter which is provided with an external control pin and a voltage lowering function, and the other one of the converters is a non-isolated DC-DC converter which is provided with an external control pin and a boosting function or an isolated DC-DC converter which is provided with an external control pin and a voltage lowering function. By means of the balanced cascade structure, the battery pack of the balanced cascade structure and the charge and discharge method of the battery pack, system reliability can be higher, the total volume of the balance module is smaller, and production cost is lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charging of battery pack or super capacitor group, the particularly equalizing charge of each monomer in battery pack or super capacitor group.
Prior art
At present, by storage battery or electric capacity (in order to simplified characterization, hereafter " battery or electric capacity " is omitted and is described as " battery ") as in the system of energy-storage units, cell capacity is lower, the requirement of hicap can not be met, therefore need cell series connection to form battery pack, parallel connection can increase capacity, but its terminal voltage is still very low, still be considered " monomer " battery, in this case directly use, due to switching device, the loss of diode drop seems considerable, in high power applications, cell series connection is still needed to form battery pack, as shown in Figure 1, to improve supply power voltage and memory capacity, such as at electric automobile, micro-capacitance sensor, in the fields such as large-scale energy-storage system, mostly need the battery pack that cell is in series, Fig. 1 is in series by cell B1 to Bn, the battery pack obtained has two total terminal U+ and U-, U+ is called the positive pole of battery pack, U-is called the negative pole of battery pack, both can externally discharge, again can external power supply to batteries charging, conveniently, in this application, the first cell is called from the cell that battery anode U+ is nearest, represent with B1 in Fig. 1, all the other the like, from the cell that battery electrode is nearest, its numbering is maximum, is most end cell, represents in Fig. 1 with Bn.Life-span of battery pack later is in groups well below the life-span of cell, mainly because the difference of cell manufacture craft causes the difference such as capacity, self-discharge rate, in these small difference uses afterwards, the capacity of each cell can be made to produce larger difference, and then affect the work of whole battery pack.
When the cell consistency of series battery changes, when using constant-current source to series battery charge, for lithium battery, cell must be had to decline because of its capacity, its terminal voltage first arrives end of charge voltage 4.2V, and at this moment, the terminal voltage of some cells may ability 3.8V.As the battery pack constant current charge in advance to 10 strings, adopt latter stage 42V constant voltage charge to limit charging current, will have the charging voltage of cell higher than 4.2V, this monomer is in the state of overcharging; And wherein its terminal voltage of battery capacious, lower than 4.2V, is in charge less state.If be in the potential battery overcharging state effectively not limited, damage most probably, even catching fire, blast; Therefore be very important to the equalizing charge of various battery pack, especially in the occasion that a large amount of cell is connected, equally also there is similar problem in super capacitor series connection, the battery pack in the application also comprises the capacitance group of super capacitor composition.
For above-mentioned imbalance problem, there is multiple equalizing charge technology, original scheme is: resistance consumption equalization, as shown in Figure 2, resistance R1 and K switch 1 are connected in parallel on cell B1 after connecting, other battery is identical, when the voltage detecting circuit in parallel with battery B1 detects that the terminal voltage of battery B1 reaches end of charge voltage 4.2V, K switch 1 closes, resistance R1 shunts charging current, in order to guarantee not having electric current to flow through in battery B1, or battery B1 discharging current, or there is trickle battery B1 is charged.For balancing battery or battery pack self discharge, storage battery is made to remain on the continuous low current charge of approximate fully charged state, also known as maintenance charging (floating charge).The batteries such as the storage battery of the DC power system of telecommunication installation, signal system etc., after charging completely, many places are in trickle charge state, use in order to during electric discharge.
This mode uses very inconvenient, if change the charging current to battery pack, so, correspondingly, the resistance of all resistance all will be changed, in order to avoid overcharging or charge less appears in battery.Certainly, for battery B1, can the resistance of resistance R1 be got little, namely, when K switch 1 closes, battery B1 also will to resistance R1 discharging current, under then making K switch 1 be operated on off state, realize within a certain period of time, be zero to the charging current of battery B1 or be specified small area analysis trickle.
Because resistance exists heating, as the electric current of 3A, when being charged to 4.2V, resistance will absorb 3A electric current, and its caloric value is 12.6W, and the efficiency of this equalization charging circuit is low, power consumption large, does not conform to current energy-saving and emission-reduction development trend.Below enumerate representative domestic technique scheme:
Fig. 3 is existing wherein a kind of based on the active equalization scheme schematic diagram of DC-DC converter as balance module, the balance module used is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter, the terminal voltage of automatic detection, more adjacent two cells, and by the energy of cell high for wherein voltage toward low that transmission of voltage, finally reach between two balanced object, the benefit of the program is active equalization, control simple, and single-stage balance module conversion efficiency is high, overall heating is lower, but its defect is also just because of be active equalization, always in active equalization work after its work of triggering, time has been grown, the energy loss of its whole battery pack is larger, and progression is many, energy loss is larger, 90% is accomplished at present as the DC-DC converter conversion efficiency of balance module, just higher, through 7 grades of transmission, efficiency is less than 48%, wherein arbitrary grade of converter goes wrong, the impact overall situation, higher to system requirements.
Fig. 4 is existing wherein a kind of based on the passive type equalization scheme schematic diagram of DC-DC converter as balance module, each cell in battery pack is connected from the input of all corresponding to one balance module of B1 ~ Bn, the output of balance module all connects with the positive pole U+ of battery pack and the negative pole U-phase of battery pack, extract energy on corresponding cell by the work of balance module corresponding to microprocessor controls, thus reduce monomer whose both end voltage and be delivered to the object that whole battery pack reaches each monomer battery voltage equilibrium.Method of work is as follows: carry out voltage sample to all cells, calculating mean value, then checks the cell that voltage deviation mean value is maximum, if than cell Bn voltage subaverage, by controlling to close balance module n, makes it not work; If cell B1 both end voltage is higher than mean value, makes its work by controlling balance module 1, taking the energy on B1 away and to whole batteries charging, so just can reduce the both end voltage of cell B1, thus reaching balanced object.
Fig. 5 is also existing wherein a kind of based on the passive type equalization scheme schematic diagram of DC-DC converter as balance module, each cell in battery pack is connected from the output of all corresponding to one the balance module E1 ~ En of B1 ~ Bn, the input of balance module E1 ~ En is all connected with Vin+ with Vin-of same DC power supply, by the work of balance module E1 ~ En corresponding to microprocessor controls for this cell carries out boost charge, thus raise monomer whose both end voltage and reach battery balanced object.Method of work is as follows: carry out voltage sample to all cells, calculating mean value, then the cell that voltage deviation mean value is maximum is checked, if than cell Bn voltage higher than mean value, by controlling to close balance module En, make it not work, such cell Bn both end voltage can not raise; If at this moment cell B1 both end voltage subaverage, making its work by controlling balance module E1, for cell B1 organizes boost charge separately, so just can raise the both end voltage of cell B1, thus reaching balanced object.
Can freely connect with the cell of above-mentioned Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 scheme, control simple, but its shortcoming also clearly, such as described balance module E1 ~ En must be isolated DC-DC converter, generally all with isolating transformer, there is iron loss causes conversion efficiency lower, and isolating transformer production cost is higher, in today that labor hour cost rises day by day, be unfavorable for reducing production cost, and having individual isolating transformer, whole module volume can not be accomplished less.
To sum up, to be namely mainly conversion efficiency low for the deficiency of the equalizing circuit of existing battery pack, or control complicated, or volume is comparatively large or cost is higher or series connection time can not freely connect.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the application will solve the deficiency existing for the equalizing circuit of existing battery, provides the equalization cascade structure that a kind of volume is little, cost is low, equalization efficiency is high, can freely connect, the battery pack applying this structure and charging/discharging thereof thereof.
Although the DC-DC converter that equalization cascade structure of the prior art has all equilibrium module application as shown in Figure 3 non-isolated, also the DC-DC converter that all application all equilibrium module application is as shown in Figure 4 isolated is had, but non-isolated DC-DC converter and isolated DC-DC converter are not carried out selecting or organize merga pass by those skilled in the art to be specifically connected and to realize object of the present invention with control planning, one of its reason is thinking inertia, those skilled in the art is always partial to the equalization problem of the next perfect solution battery pack of balance module of a use model, two be development cost, material platform and inventory cost problem, with the balance module of two models solve problem R & D design and small lot application and development stepped cost high all the better, therefore cause those skilled in the art to there is technology prejudice, thus be unwilling toward the thinking of this direction.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention abandons above-mentioned technology prejudice, the total technical conceive of the solution taked is: the balance module in equalization cascade structure have employed two class DC-DC converter, wherein a class is the non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, and another is possess the non-isolated DC-DC converter of external control pin and boost function or possess the isolated DC-DC converter of external control pin and buck functionality; In this equalizing structure of the present invention, compared with Fig. 3 its overall equalization efficiency and system reliability higher, as compared to Fig. 4 with Fig. 5 its balance module cumulative volume and production cost lower.
The first set equalization cascade structure that the application provides is as follows with the battery technology scheme with this structure:
A kind of equalization cascade structure, comprise the category-A balance module for the cell charging in battery pack and category-B balance module, wherein category-A balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and boost function, category-B balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, category-A balance module and category-B balance module all at least comprise 4 ports, are respectively voltage input end+Vin, public terminal GND, voltage output end+Vo and control end Ctrl; Voltage input end+the Vin of category-A balance module can be connected to except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery anode in battery pack, and voltage output end+Vo can be connected in the positive pole of battery pack or battery pack except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery electrode; Voltage input end+the Vin of category-B balance module can be connected to except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery electrode in the positive pole of battery pack or battery pack, and voltage output end+Vo can be connected in the negative pole of battery pack or battery pack except the negative pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery anode; The control end Ctrl of two class balance modules connects the control signal being used for the work of input control balance module.
Preferably, the annexation of category-A balance module for: voltage output end+Vo is connected with the positive pole of the cell that this balance module charges, voltage input end+Vin is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges, and public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of battery pack; The annexation of category-B balance module is: voltage input end+Vin is connected with the positive pole of battery pack, and voltage output end+Vo is connected with the positive pole of the cell that this balance module charges, and public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery pack with said structure, described battery pack is total to n cell by cell B1, B2.......Bn and is in series, n be greater than 1 integer, the positive pole of the battery pack obtained is called U+, negative pole is called U-, battery pack both can externally be discharged, again can external power supply to batteries charging; In battery pack, each cell has balance module E1, an E2.......En accordingly operationally for the cell of its correspondence charges, it is characterized in that: balance module E1 is category-A balance module, balance module En is category-B balance module, and balance module E2 ~ En-1 can be the combination in any of category-A and category-B balance module.
The second cover equalization cascade structure that the application provides is as follows with the battery technology scheme with this structure:
A kind of equalization cascade structure, comprise the C class balance module for the cell charging in battery pack and category-B balance module, wherein C class balance module is a kind of isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, at least comprise 5 ports, be respectively positive input terminal+Vin, negative input end-Vin, positive output end+Vo, negative output terminal-Vo and control end Ctrl; Category-B balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, at least comprises 4 ports, is respectively voltage input end+Vin, public terminal GND, voltage output end+Vo and control end Ctrl; Positive input terminal+the Vin of C class balance module can be connected to the positive pole of battery pack or the positive pole of arbitrary cell, and negative input end-Vin can be connected to the negative pole of battery pack or the negative pole of arbitrary cell; Voltage input end+the Vin of category-B balance module can be connected to battery pack positive pole or except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery electrode, voltage output end+Vo can be connected to battery pack negative pole or except the negative pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of battery anode; The control end Ctrl of two class balance modules connects the control signal being used for the work of input control balance module.
Preferably, the annexation of C class balance module is: positive input terminal+Vin is connected to the positive terminal of battery pack, negative input end-Vin connects the negative terminals of battery pack, voltage output end+Vo is connected with the positive pole of the cell that this balance module charges, and negative output terminal-Vo is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges; The annexation of category-B balance module is: positive input terminal+Vin is connected with the positive pole of battery pack, and voltage output end+Vo is connected with the positive pole of the cell that this balance module charges, and public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery pack with said structure, described battery pack is total to n cell by cell B1, B2.......Bn and is in series, n be greater than 1 integer, the positive pole of the battery pack obtained is called U+, negative pole is called U-, battery pack both can externally be discharged, again can external power supply to batteries charging; In battery pack, each cell has balance module E1, an E2.......En accordingly operationally for the cell of its correspondence charges, it is characterized in that: balance module E1 is C class balance module, balance module En is category-B balance module, and balance module E2 ~ En-1 can be the combination in any of C class and category-B balance module.
Preferably, the non-isolated DC-DC converter of the category-B balance module of the equalization cascade structure of above-mentioned two sets of plan is the non-isolated DC-DC converter adopting synchronous rectification.
Preferably, the Ctrl end of each balance module of battery pack of above-mentioned two sets of plan connects a control signal all separately.
The present invention also provides a kind of charging/discharging thereof of battery pack of above-mentioned two sets of plan, it is characterized in that: by peripheral control unit, voltage sample is carried out to all cells in described battery pack, in outside charge power supply in whole batteries charging process, when detecting that some monomer battery voltages are prescribed a time limit higher than in set point, cut off external charging power supply, stop whole batteries charging; In the external discharge process of whole battery pack, when some monomer battery voltages being detected lower than the lower limit set, whole battery pack stops externally electric discharge; Calculating mean value while outside charge power supply is externally discharged to batteries charging or battery pack in addition, then voltage subaverage is checked and the larger cell of deviation average, make it start work by controlling balance module corresponding to this cell, the balance module that other cell is corresponding does not work.
Preferably, during each balance module startup work by the energy extracted on other one or more cell for one of them cell charges.
For first set scheme, preferably, when balance module E1 starts work, the energy that extraction cell C1 to Cn is total to n cell is that cell C1 charges; When balance module En starts work, the energy extracting cell B1 to Bn n cell altogether after step-down for cell Bn charges.
For the second sets of plan, preferably, when balance module E1 starts work, the energy that extraction cell C2 to Cn is total to n-1 cell is that cell C1 charges; When balance module En starts work, the energy extracting cell B1 to Bn n cell altogether after step-down for cell Bn charges.
Detailed operation principle of the present invention can describe in detail by connected applications in an embodiment, and battery pack balancing cascade structure of the present invention is used for for battery pack or super capacitor group voltage balance control, and its beneficial effect is:
(1) all balance modules are non-isolated DC-DC converter or isolatedly combinationally use with non-isolated DC-DC converter, with be used alone a kind of DC-DC converter of isolating as compared with balance module, under onesize charge balancing current conditions, use or partly use non-isolated DC-DC converter can accomplish less balance module volume as the battery pack balancing cascade structure of balance module, lower balance module manufacturing cost;
(2) input of balance module and output freely can design in battery pack according to actual conditions, realize best conversion efficiency;
(3) controlling simple, each cell can an equalization charging circuit in parallel, and application is simple;
(4) during the work of each balance module by the energy extracted on other one or more cell for one of them cell charges, between one rise and one drop, balancing speed is fast;
(5) balance module adopts the non-isolated DC-DC converter of synchronous rectification, and its operating efficiency can reach 88% and even higher, and thermal losses is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of existing battery pack;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams that existing strip resistance consumes the battery pack of equalization charging circuit;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of the battery pack of the non-isolated balance module of existing use;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of the battery pack of existing use isolated balance module extracting energy equalization scheme;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of the battery pack of existing use isolated balance module makeup energy equalization scheme;
Fig. 6 is first embodiment of the invention battery pack balancing cascade structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is second embodiment of the invention battery pack balancing cascade structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 6, a kind of battery pack balancing cascade structure, for the voltage balance control of battery pack, comprise by B1 to the B8 battery pack that forms of totally 8 cells and balance module E1 to balance module E8 totally 8 balance modules, the output of balance module E1 to balance module E8 is connected to the two ends of cell C1 to C8 respectively accordingly; Super capacitor group also comprises two Wiring ports: the positive pole U+ of battery pack and the negative pole U-of battery pack; One end near U+ in cell is the positive pole of this cell, and the other end is negative pole;
Balance module E1 to balance module E8 has used two kinds of dissimilar balance modules totally in 8 balance modules, category-A balance module is a kind of DC-DC converter exported based on the non-isolated boosting of BOOST circuit topology, its input voltage range is 9V ~ 36V, exports as constant current output; Category-B balance module is the DC-DC converter of the non-isolated reduced output voltage based on BUCK circuit topology, and its input voltage range is 4.5V ~ 36V, exports as constant current output; In the present embodiment, balance module E1 is category-A balance module, and balance module E2 ~ balance module E8 is category-B balance module;
Its operation principle:
Illustrate, in the battery pack of 8 batteries compositions, in use, the voltage of each joint cell is between 3.0V ~ 4.2V, the voltage representative value setting its each cell is 4.0V, upper voltage limit value is 4.2V, and voltage lower limit value is 3.0V, and the voltage range of so whole battery pack is between 24V ~ 33.6V.
By peripheral control unit timing, voltage sample is carried out to all cells in described battery pack, presets the voltage deviation value between an each monomer of battery pack,
In outside charge power supply in whole batteries charging process, when detect some monomer battery voltages higher than setting monomer battery voltage higher limit (4.2V) time or battery pack both end voltage more than 33.6V time, cut off external charging power supply, stop whole super capacitor group charging;
In the external discharge process of whole battery pack, when monomer battery voltage lower limit (3.0V) of some monomer battery voltages lower than setting being detected or battery pack both end voltage lower than 24V time, so whole battery pack stops externally electric discharge;
In addition while external voltage externally discharges to batteries charging or battery pack, by peripheral control unit, voltage sample is carried out and calculating mean value to all cells in described battery pack, then voltage subaverage is checked and the larger cell of deviation average, it is made to start work by controlling balance module corresponding to this battery, the balance module work that other battery is corresponding; Such as: to batteries charging or in the external discharge process of battery pack, peripheral control unit to detect and the average voltage calculating each battery cell in battery pack is 3.70V at certain moment t1, the voltage deviation value that controller is preset is 0.10V, if cell B1 both end voltage is 3.80V, then controller provides separately a control signal to balance module E1, makes it not work; If peripheral control unit detects that each monomer battery voltage of monomers B 2 to B7 is all greater than 3.60V, then peripheral control unit is respectively balance module E2 to E7 and provides a control signal, makes it not work; If when peripheral control unit detects the both end voltage of cell B8 lower than 3.60V (namely deducting default voltage deviation value lower than average voltage level), then peripheral control unit provides separately a control signal to make it start work for balance module E8, extract the energy of B1 ~ B8 on totally 8 cells, for B8 charges separately, charging interval is Δ t, is charged to till making its voltage be increased to each monomer battery voltage mean value of t1+ Δ t;
So, timing detects voltage, calculating mean value repeatedly, departs from the charging of larger cell, finally reach the object of whole battery voltage equilibrium to subaverage.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 7, a kind of battery pack balancing cascade structure, for the voltage balance control of battery pack, comprise by B1 to the B8 battery pack that forms of totally 8 cells and balance module 1 to balance module 8 totally 8 balance modules, the output of balance module 1 to balance module 8 is connected respectively to the two ends of in cell C1 to C8; Super capacitor group also comprises two Wiring ports: the positive pole U+ of battery pack and the negative pole U-of battery pack; One end near U+ in cell is the positive pole of this cell, and the other end is negative pole;
Balance module E1 to balance module E8 has used two kinds of dissimilar balance modules totally in 8 balance modules, C class balance module is a kind of DC-DC converter of the isolated reduced output voltage based on reverse excitation circuit topology, its input voltage range is 9V ~ 36V, exports as constant current output; Category-B balance module is the DC-DC converter of the non-isolated reduced output voltage based on BUCK circuit topology, and its input voltage range is 4.5V ~ 36V, exports as constant current output; In the present embodiment, balance module E1 is C class balance module, and balance module E2 ~ balance module E8 is category-B balance module;
Its operation principle: with embodiment one, repeat no more here.
Embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, according to foregoing of the present invention, utilize ordinary technical knowledge and the customary means of this area, do not departing under the present invention's above-mentioned basic fundamental thought prerequisite, the present invention can also make the amendment of other various ways, replace or change, such as balance module E1 and another one or multiple balance module select category-A balance module, balance module En and all the other balance modules select category-B balance module, or there is some changes in the input and output connected mode of balance module, or the battery of the application replaced with electric capacity and battery pack and replace with capacitance group and all drop within rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. an equalization cascade structure, comprise the category-A balance module for the cell charging in battery pack and category-B balance module, wherein said category-A balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and boost function, described category-B balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, described category-A balance module and described category-B balance module all at least comprise 4 ports, are respectively voltage input end+Vin, public terminal GND, voltage output end+Vo and control end Ctrl; Voltage input end+the Vin of described category-A balance module can be connected to except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery anode in described battery pack, and described voltage output end+Vo can be connected in the positive pole of described battery pack or battery pack except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery electrode; Voltage input end+the Vin of described category-B balance module can be connected to except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery electrode in the positive pole of described battery pack or described battery pack, and described voltage output end+Vo can be connected in the negative pole of described battery pack or described battery pack except the negative pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery anode; Control end Ctrl described in two class balance modules connects the control signal of the balance module work be used for described in input control.
2. equalization cascade structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the annexation of described category-A balance module for: the positive pole of the cell that described voltage output end+Vo charges with this balance module is connected, the negative pole of the cell that described voltage input end+Vin charges with this balance module is connected, and described public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of described battery pack; The annexation of described category-B balance module is: described voltage input end+Vin is connected with the positive pole of described battery pack, the positive pole of the cell that described voltage output end+Vo charges with this balance module is connected, and described public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges.
3. one kind has the battery pack of structure described in claim 1 or 2, described battery pack is total to n cell by cell B1, B2.......Bn and is in series, n be greater than 1 integer, the positive pole of the battery pack obtained is called U+, negative pole is called U-, described battery pack both can externally be discharged, again can external power supply to described batteries charging; In described battery pack, each cell has balance module E1, an E2.......En accordingly operationally for the cell of its correspondence charges, it is characterized in that: described balance module E1 is described category-A balance module, described balance module En is described category-B balance module, and described balance module E2 ~ En-1 can be the combination in any of described category-A and described category-B balance module.
4. an equalization cascade structure, comprise the C class balance module for the cell charging in battery pack and category-B balance module, wherein said C class balance module is a kind of isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, at least comprise 5 ports, be respectively positive input terminal+Vin, negative input end-Vin, positive output end+Vo, negative output terminal-Vo and control end Ctrl; Described category-B balance module is a kind of non-isolated DC-DC converter possessing external control pin and buck functionality, at least comprises 4 ports, is respectively voltage input end+Vin, public terminal GND, voltage output end+Vo and control end Ctrl; Positive input terminal+the Vin of described C class balance module can be connected to the positive pole of described battery pack or the positive pole of arbitrary cell, and described negative input end-Vin can be connected to the negative pole of described battery pack or the negative pole of arbitrary cell; Voltage input end+the Vin of described category-B balance module can be connected to described battery pack positive pole or except the positive pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery electrode, described voltage output end+Vo can be connected to described battery pack negative pole or except the negative pole from the arbitrary cell except the nearest cell of described battery anode; Control end Ctrl described in two class balance modules connects the control signal of the balance module work be used for described in input control.
5. equalization cascade structure according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the annexation of described C class balance module is: described positive input terminal+Vin is connected to the positive pole of described battery pack, the negative pole of the battery pack described in described negative input end-Vin connects, the positive pole of the cell that described voltage output end+Vo charges with this balance module is connected, and the negative pole of the cell that described negative output terminal-Vo charges with this balance module is connected; The annexation of described category-B balance module is: described positive input terminal+Vin is connected with the positive pole of described battery pack, the positive pole of the cell that described voltage output end+Vo charges with this balance module is connected, and described public terminal GND is connected with the negative pole of the cell that this balance module charges.
6. one kind has the battery pack of structure described in claim 4 or 5, described battery pack is total to n cell by cell B1, B2.......Bn and is in series, n be greater than 1 integer, the positive pole of the battery pack obtained is called U+, negative pole is called U-, described battery pack both can externally be discharged, again can external power supply to described batteries charging; In described battery pack, each cell has balance module E1, an E2.......En accordingly operationally for the cell of its correspondence charges, it is characterized in that: described balance module E1 is C class balance module, described balance module En is category-B balance module, and described balance module E2 ~ En-1 can be the combination in any of C class and category-B balance module.
7. the equalization cascade structure according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, is characterized in that: the non-isolated DC-DC converter of described category-B balance module is the non-isolated DC-DC converter adopting synchronous rectification.
8. the battery pack according to claim 3 or 6, is characterized in that: the Ctrl end of each balance module connects a control signal all separately.
9. the charging/discharging thereof of a claim 3 or the battery pack described in 6 or 8, it is characterized in that: by peripheral control unit, voltage sample is carried out to all cells in described battery pack, in outside charge power supply in whole batteries charging process, when detecting that some monomer battery voltages are prescribed a time limit higher than in set point, external charging power supply described in cut-out, stops described whole batteries charging; In the described external discharge process of whole battery pack, when some monomer battery voltages being detected lower than the lower limit set, described whole battery pack stops externally electric discharge; Calculating mean value while described external charging power supply externally discharges to described batteries charging or described battery pack in addition, then check that voltage departs from the larger cell of described mean value lower than described mean value, make it start work by controlling balance module corresponding to this cell, the balance module that other cell is corresponding does not work.
10. charging/discharging thereof according to claim 9, is characterized in that: during each balance module startup work by the energy extracted on other one or more cell for one of them cell charges.
11. battery pack application rights according to claim 3 require the charging method described in 10, it is characterized in that: when described balance module E1 starts work, the energy that the cell C1 to Cn described in extraction is total to n cell is that described cell C1 charges; When described balance module En starts work, the energy that the cell B1 to Bn described in extraction is total to n cell is that described cell Bn charges after step-down.
12. battery pack application rights according to claim 6 require the charging method described in 10, it is characterized in that: when described balance module E1 starts work, the energy that the cell C2 to Cn described in extraction is total to n-1 cell is that described cell C1 charges; When described balance module En starts work, the energy that the cell B1 to Bn described in extraction is total to n cell is that described cell Bn charges after step-down.
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| CN105515121B (en) | 2018-09-11 |
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