CN105478922B - A kind of ultrasonic scraping devices and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gear precision machining, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic gear shaving device and its application. The invention combines the ultrasonic vibration special processing technology with the gear shaving technology to provide an ultrasonic gear shaving device and its application. An ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention is composed of four parts: a lifting and rotating spindle system, a gear shaving cutter rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system; the lifting and rotating spindle system consists of Main shaft right support, ultrasonic generator, lifting main shaft, turntable and main shaft left support; the gear shaving knife rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite main shaft system consists of gear shaving knife, transducer, vibration transmission rod, gear shaving device power rotary main shaft, It is composed of a flat key and a horn; the external support fixing system is composed of the main shaft right bracket, bakelite insulating end cover, screw fasteners, cylindrical rotary shaft and other components.

Description

An ultrasonic gear shaving device and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gear precision machining, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic gear shaving device and its application.

Background technique

Shaving is one of the most important means of gear finishing. It is used to correct the radial runout error, tooth pitch error, tooth profile error and tooth direction error of the ring gear. It is usually used as the final process of tooth profile processing. Due to the contact between the shaving cutter and the machined surface during the shaving process, a large cutting force and cutting heat are generated, and the chips generated by cutting are not easily discharged. These reasons lead to reduced machining accuracy and shortened tool life.

Traditionally, the improvement of gear shaving process depends on the improvement of gear shaving cutter, gear shaving fixture and gear shaving machine structure. At present, the development of ultrasonic machining technology provides a new method for the development of gear shaving process. Ultrasonic machining is to load ultrasonic vibration on the tool or workpiece, and use the ultrasonic vibration of the micro-cutting edge to impact the cutting action, the cavitation effect of the cutting fluid, and the chemical action of the cutting fluid to remove the material, so that the chips are easily removed and the cutting force is significantly reduced. , Improve the lubrication and cooling effect of the coolant, reduce the cutting heat, improve the micro-morphology of the workpiece surface, improve the machining accuracy, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the workpiece, prolong the tool life, and reduce the gear meshing noise.

The interpenetration of cutting-edge technologies between ultrasonic vibration theory and advanced manufacturing technology disciplines provides a theoretical basis for gear ultrasonic precision machining technology; mature products of high-power ultrasonic generators, transducers and ultrasonic horns are put on the market, providing gear The realization of ultrasonic precision machining provides a material guarantee. In 2007, Wei Bingyang proposed an invention patent application number of a gear grinding machine: 200720089823.1. The ultrasonic gear grinding machine adopts the ultrasonic vibration processing technology. When the tool meshes with the gear workpiece, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the axial direction of the pinion. , so as to achieve a 3-fold increase in material removal rate, a great improvement in gear meshing quality and a reduction in transmission noise. The gear grinding machine is low in cost and easy to operate, and is especially suitable for grinding gears with small modulus. In 2011, Lou Zhifeng proposed an invention patent application number of an involute eyeball gear tooth surface ultrasonic strengthening device: 201110355311.6. This device combines ultrasonic deep rolling technology with the principle of involute development. The principle is that the guide ruler drives the base disc and the gear to rotate through friction, and the teeth of the processed gear mesh with the ultrasonic processing head. At the same time, the ultrasonic processing head ultrasonically strengthens the surface of the gear by contacting first, so that the surface of the gear tooth Generate a certain depth of residual stress layer, thereby improving the stress state of the gear and increasing the service life.

Although the above patents utilize the ultrasonic vibration technology to improve the gear precision machining process, they do not involve the gear shaving process. Therefore, the ultrasonic vibration technology is organically combined with the gear shaving process, and an ultrasonic machining equipment for gear shaving processing is developed to improve the gear shaving process, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of gear processing, prolonging the service life of the tool, and expanding the application range of ultrasonic vibration technology. It is necessary and meaningful.

Contents of the invention

The invention combines the ultrasonic vibration special processing technology with the gear shaving technology to provide an ultrasonic gear shaving device and its application.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes for realizing the above object is:

An ultrasonic gear shaving device, which is composed of four parts: a lifting and rotating spindle system, a gear shaving cutter rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system, and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system;

The lifting and rotating spindle system consists of a right spindle support, an ultrasonic generator, a lifting spindle, a turntable and a left spindle support. An ultrasonic generator is installed on the upper surface of the lifting spindle, and a turntable is installed under the lifting spindle. The left support of the spindle is connected to the spindle. The right brackets are installed on the turntable;

The shaving cutter rotary and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system is composed of a shaving cutter, a transducer, a vibration transmission rod, a power rotary spindle of the shaving device, a flat key and a horn. The key is connected with the spline groove of the horn, the left end of the power rotary main shaft of the gear shaving device is connected with the left support of the main shaft, the flat key is installed on the flat key groove of the horn, and is connected with the gear shaving knife, the large end of the horn is connected with The precision fine thread is connected with the vibration transmission rod, and the vibration transmission rod and the transducer are connected with the precision fine thread;

The outer support fixing system consists of the main shaft right bracket, Bakelite insulating end cover, screw fasteners, cylindrical rotary shaft, bolt fasteners, felt ring oil seal, front bearing end cover, bearing end cover bolts, rear bearing end cover, right Consists of one row of tapered roller bearings, matching grinding washers and left row of tapered roller bearings. The left end face of the cylindrical rotary shaft is connected to the flange of the vibration transmission rod through bolts and fasteners. The right end face of the cylindrical rotary shaft is connected to the bakelite insulating end. The cover is connected by screw fasteners. The middle part of the cylindrical rotary shaft is provided with a left bearing positioning step and a right positioning step. The outer end surface of the inner ring of the left row of tapered roller bearings is positioned by overlapping with the step surface of the left bearing positioning step. The outer end surface of the inner ring of the right row tapered roller bearing is positioned by coincidence with the step surface of the right positioning step. The mounting holes are matched with the installation, the pressure ring surface of the front bearing end cover is pressed against the large end surface of the outer ring of the left row tapered roller bearing, the left end surface of the matching grinding washer is pressed tightly against the large end surface of the outer ring of the right row tapered roller bearing, and the rear bearing end The pressure ring surface of the cover presses the right end surface of the grinding washer tightly, the felt ring oil seal is installed in the inner ring hole of the front bearing end cover, and the front bearing end cover and the rear bearing end cover are respectively fixed on the right spindle bracket by the bearing end cover bolts the left and right sides of

The ultrasonic power commutation system consists of an outer insulated wire, an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, a bakelite insulating end cover, a graphite brush, an inner insulated wire, a conductive copper sheet, a conductive copper ring and a rear bearing end cover. The ultrasonic generator passes through the outer The insulated wire is connected with the graphite brush, the graphite brush is screwed into the threaded hole of the rear bearing end cover, the conductive copper sheet is installed in the circular groove on the bakelite insulating end cover, and the conductive copper ring is installed in the circular groove on the bakelite insulating end cover. The groove, the contact surface of the graphite brush is in strong and even contact with the surface of the conductive copper sheet and the conductive copper ring, and the inner insulated wire connects the conductive copper sheet and the conductive copper ring to the two terminals of the transducer respectively.

The gear shaving cutter of the present invention is a medium-thick disc gear shaving cutter or a short and thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter.

In the application of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention, the lifting spindle is installed on the column through the vertical guide rail, and instructions are input on the control panel to control the feed movement of the lifting spindle along the vertical guide rail direction of the column, the rotation of the turntable, and the worktable along the dovetail shape. The feed movement in the direction of the guide rail, the speed of the power rotary spindle of the gear shaving device, the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic generator, the power rotary spindle of the gear shaving device transmits the torque to the gear shaving cutter, drives the gear shaving cutter to make a rotary motion, and The meshing and cutting motion with the gear workpiece is carried out according to the principle of meshing gears. The ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted to the transducer through the outer insulated wire, graphite brush, conductive copper sheet, conductive copper ring and inner insulated wire. The electrical signal is converted into a mechanical wave, and the mechanical wave is transmitted and amplified through the vibration transmission rod and the horn, so that the gear shaving cutter generates a high-frequency and high-energy mechanical vibration along the axial direction of the main shaft on the basis of the rotary motion, realizing the gear ultrasonic Shaving process.

The ultrasonic vibration mode and specific feeding method of the shaving cutter are as follows: if the shaving cutter is a medium-thick disc shaving cutter, when performing ultrasonic shaving processing, the shaving cutter completes the rotation and makes a pitch circle at a frequency of 20kHz Type transverse bending ultrasonic vibration, in addition, the gear shaving cutter can also do radial feed movement, and the gear workpiece can do axial reciprocating motion; if the gear shaving cutter is a short thick cylindrical While completing the rotation, longitudinal ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 20kHz is performed. In addition, the gear shaving cutter can also perform radial feed motion, and the gear workpiece can perform axial reciprocating motion.

The invention combines the ultrasonic vibration special processing technology with the gear shaving technology, and is suitable for the ultrasonic gear shaving process after the rough machining of the involute cylindrical gear. The ultrasonic gear shaving device can significantly reduce the cutting force during the gear shaving process, reduce the cutting heat, and make the cutting easy to remove, so as to improve the microscopic cutting shape of the tooth surface, improve the machining accuracy, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the workpiece, and reduce the The purpose of improving the roughness of the tooth surface is to prolong the practical life of the shaving tool and reduce the meshing noise of the gear.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the shaving knife rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the external support and fixing system of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the external support and fixing system of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the cross-sectional view of the external support and fixing system of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power rotary spindle of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the horn of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the vibration transmission rod of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a cylindrical rotary shaft;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the conductive copper ring of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the conductive copper sheet of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an insulating end cap of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the application of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the combined movement direction of the ultrasonic shaving process of the medium-thick disc shaving cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a schematic plan view of the combined movement direction of the ultrasonic shaving process of the medium-thick disc shaving cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the combined movement direction of the ultrasonic shaving process of the short thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a schematic plan view of the combined movement direction of the ultrasonic shaving process of the short thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter of the present invention.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1-12, an ultrasonic gear shaving device consists of four parts: a lifting and rotating spindle system, a gear shaving cutter rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system, and an ultrasonic power reversing system.

The lifting and rotating spindle system is composed of the right spindle support 1, the ultrasonic generator 3, the lifting spindle 4, the turntable 5 and the left spindle support 6. There is a turntable 5, the main shaft left support 6 and the main shaft right support 1 are installed on the turntable 5;

The shaving cutter rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system is composed of a gear shaving cutter 7, a transducer 8, a vibration transmission rod 9, a gear shaving device power rotary spindle 10, a flat key 11 and a horn 12, and the gear shaving device power The right end of the rotary main shaft 10 is connected to the spline groove 1201 of the horn 12 by a spline 1001, the left end of the power rotary main shaft 10 of the shaving device is connected to the left support 6 of the main shaft, and the flat key 11 is installed on the flat key groove 1202 of the horn 12 , and connected with the shaving cutter 7, the large end of the horn 12 is connected with the vibration transmission rod 9 with a precision fine thread, and the vibration transmission rod 9 and the transducer 8 are connected with a precision fine thread;

The outer support fixing system consists of the main shaft right bracket 1, bakelite insulating end cover 13, screw fasteners 15, cylindrical rotary shaft 17, bolt fasteners 18, felt ring oil seal 21, front bearing end cover 22, bearing end cover bolts 23. The rear bearing end cover 24, the right column tapered roller bearing 25, the grinding washer 26 and the left column tapered roller bearing 31 are composed of the left end surface of the cylindrical rotary shaft 17 and the flange 901 of the vibration transmission rod 9 through bolts. Firmware 18 is connected, and the right end surface of the cylindrical rotary shaft 17 is connected with the bakelite insulating end cover 13 through screw fasteners 15. The middle part of the cylindrical rotary shaft 17 is provided with a left bearing positioning step 1701 and a right positioning step 1702, and the left row of cones The outer end surface of the inner ring of the roller bearing 31 is positioned by overlapping the step surface of the left bearing positioning step 1701, and the outer end surface of the inner ring of the right-row tapered roller bearing 25 is positioned by overlapping the step surface of the right positioning step 1702. The outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring of the left column tapered roller bearing 31 and the right column tapered roller bearing 25 are installed in cooperation with the spindle mounting hole of the right spindle bracket 1, and the pressure ring surface of the front bearing end cover 22 presses the left column tapered roller tightly. The large end face of the outer ring of the bearing 31, the left end face of the matching grinding washer 26 is pressed tightly against the large end face of the outer ring of the right-row tapered roller bearing 25, the pressure ring surface of the rear bearing end cover 24 is pressed tightly against the right end face of the matching grinding washer 26, and the felt The ring oil seal 21 is installed in the inner ring hole of the front bearing cover 22, and the front bearing cover 22 and the rear bearing cover 24 are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the main shaft right bracket 1 through the bearing cover bolts 23;

The ultrasonic power commutation system consists of an outer insulated wire 2, an ultrasonic generator 3, a transducer 8, a bakelite insulating end cover 13, a graphite brush 14, an inner insulated wire 16, a conductive copper sheet 19, a conductive copper ring 20 and a rear bearing end cover 24, the ultrasonic generator 3 is connected to the graphite brush 14 through the outer insulated wire 2, the graphite brush 14 is screwed into the threaded hole of the rear bearing end cover 24, and the conductive copper sheet 19 is installed on the round shape of the bakelite insulating end cover 13. shaped groove 1301, the conductive copper ring 20 is installed in the annular groove 1302 on the Bakelite insulating end cover 13, the contact surface of the graphite brush 14 is in strong and uniform contact with the surface of the conductive copper sheet 19 and the conductive copper ring 20, and the inner insulated wire 16 will The conductive copper sheet 19 and the conductive copper ring 20 are respectively connected to the two terminals of the transducer 8 .

The gear shaving cutter 7 of the present invention is a medium-thick disc gear shaving cutter or a short and thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter.

As shown in Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the application of the ultrasonic gear shaving device of the present invention, the lifting main shaft 4 is installed on the column 28 through the vertical guide rail 2801, and the command is input on the control panel 31 to control The feed motion of the lifting spindle 4 along the direction of the vertical guide rail 2801 of the column 28, the rotation of the turntable 5, the feed motion of the worktable 30 along the direction of the dovetail guide rail 2701, the rotational speed of the power rotary spindle 10 of the gear shaving device, the output of the ultrasonic generator 3 The amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic signal, the power rotary spindle 10 of the gear shaving device transmits the torque to the gear shaving cutter 7, drives the gear shaving cutter 7 to make a rotary motion, and performs meshing and cutting motion with the gear workpiece 29 according to the principle of meshing gears, and the ultrasonic generator 3 The output ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the transducer 8 through the outer insulated wire 2, the graphite brush 14, the conductive copper sheet 19, the conductive copper ring 20 and the inner insulated wire 16, and the transducer 8 converts the ultrasonic electrical signal into a mechanical wave, and the mechanical wave passes through The transmission and amplification of the vibration transmission rod 9 and the horn 12 make the gear shaving cutter 7 generate a high-frequency and high-energy mechanical vibration along the axial direction of the main shaft on the basis of the rotary motion, thereby realizing ultrasonic gear shaving.

The ultrasonic vibration mode and specific feeding method of the gear shaving knife 7 are as follows: if the gear shaving knife 7 is a medium-thick disc gear shaving knife, when performing ultrasonic gear shaving, the gear shaving knife 7 performs a 20kHz frequency while completing the rotation. In addition, the gear shaving cutter 7 can also perform radial feed motion, and the gear workpiece 29 can perform axial reciprocating motion; if the gear shaving cutter 7 is a short and thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter, ultrasonic shaving During processing, the gear shaving cutter 7 performs longitudinal ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 20 kHz while completing the rotation. In addition, the gear shaving cutter 7 can also perform radial feed motion, and the gear workpiece 29 can perform axial reciprocating motion.

Claims (4)

1. An ultrasonic gear shaving device, characterized in that it consists of four parts: a lifting and rotating spindle system, a gear shaving cutter rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system; The lifting and rotating spindle system is composed of a right spindle support (1), an ultrasonic generator (3), a lifting spindle (4), a turntable (5) and a left spindle support (6). The upper surface of the lifting spindle (4) is installed There is an ultrasonic generator (3), a turntable (5) is installed under the lifting spindle (4), the left support of the main shaft (6) and the right support of the main shaft (1) are all installed on the turntable (5); The gear shaving cutter rotary and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system consists of a gear shaving cutter (7), a transducer (8), a vibration transmission rod (9), a gear shaving device power rotary spindle (10), a flat key (11) and The horn (12) is composed of the right end of the power rotary main shaft (10) of the gear shaving device (10) connected with the spline groove (1201) of the horn (12) by a spline (1001), and the power rotary main shaft (10) of the gear shaving device The left end is connected on the main shaft left bracket (6), and the flat key (11) is installed on the flat keyway (1202) of the horn (12) and the flat key (11) is connected with the gear shaving cutter (7), and the horn ( 12) The large end is connected with the vibration transmission rod (9) with precision fine thread, and the vibration transmission rod (9) and the transducer (8) are connected with precision fine thread; The outer support fixing system consists of the main shaft right bracket (1), bakelite insulating end cover (13), screw fasteners (15), cylindrical rotary shaft (17), bolt fasteners (18), felt ring oil seal (21 ), front bearing cover (22), bearing cover bolts (23), rear bearing cover (24), right row tapered roller bearing (25), grinding washer (26) and left row tapered roller bearing ( 31), the left end surface of the cylindrical rotary shaft (17) is connected with the flange (901) of the vibration transmission rod (9) through a bolt fastener (18), and the right end surface of the cylindrical rotary shaft (17) is insulated from bakelite The end cover (13) is connected by screw fasteners (15), the middle part of the cylindrical rotary shaft (17) is provided with a left bearing positioning step (1701) and a right positioning step (1702), and the left row of tapered roller bearings (31) The outer end surface of the inner ring of the right row of tapered roller bearings (25) is positioned by coincident with the step surface of the left bearing positioning step (1701), and the outer end surface of the inner ring of the right row tapered roller bearing (25) is realized by overlapping the step surface of the right positioning step (1702) Positioning, the outer cylindrical surfaces of the left column tapered roller bearings (31) and the right column tapered roller bearings (25) are all fitted with the main shaft mounting holes of the main shaft right bracket (1), and the front bearing end cover (22) The pressure ring surface tightly presses the large end surface of the outer ring of the left row tapered roller bearing (31), the left end surface of the matching grinding washer (26) tightly presses the large end surface of the outer ring of the right row tapered roller bearing (25), and the rear bearing end cover The pressure ring surface of (24) presses the right end surface of the grinding washer (26), and the felt ring oil seal (21) is installed in the inner ring hole of the front bearing cover (22) and the front The bearing end cover (22) and the rear bearing end cover (24) are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the main shaft right bracket (1); The ultrasonic power commutation system consists of an outer insulated wire (2), an ultrasonic generator (3), a transducer (8), a bakelite insulating end cover (13), a graphite brush (14), an inner insulated wire (16), a conductive Composed of copper sheet (19), conductive copper ring (20) and rear bearing end cover (24), the ultrasonic generator (3) is connected with the graphite brush (14) through the outer insulated wire (2), and the graphite brush (14) Screw into the threaded hole of the rear bearing end cover (24), the conductive copper sheet (19) is installed in the circular groove (1301) on the bakelite insulating end cover (13), and the conductive copper ring (20) is installed in the bakelite insulating end The annular groove (1302) on the cover (13), the contact surface of the graphite brush (14) and the surface of the conductive copper sheet (19) and the conductive copper ring (20) are strongly and evenly contacted, and the inner insulated wire (16) connects the conductive copper The sheet (19) and the conductive copper ring (20) are respectively connected to the two terminals of the transducer (8). 2. An ultrasonic gear shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gear shaving cutter (7) is a medium-thick disc gear shaving cutter or a short and thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter. 3. The application of the ultrasonic gear shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting spindle (4) is installed on the column (28) through the vertical guide rail (2801), and commands are input on the control panel (31) to control the lifting The feed motion of the main shaft (4) along the direction of the vertical guide rail (2801) of the column (28), the rotation of the turntable (5), the feed motion of the worktable (30) along the direction of the dovetail guide rail (2701), the power of the shaving device The rotation speed of the rotary spindle (10), the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic generator (3), the power rotary spindle (10) of the gear shaving device transmits the torque to the gear shaving cutter (7), and drives the gear shaving cutter (7) to do Rotary motion, and meshing cutting motion with the gear workpiece (29) according to the principle of meshing gears, the ultrasonic signal output by the ultrasonic generator (3) passes through the outer insulated wire (2), graphite brush (14), conductive copper sheet (19) , the conductive copper ring (20) and the inner insulated wire (16) are transmitted to the transducer (8), and the transducer (8) converts the ultrasonic electric signal into a mechanical wave, and the mechanical wave passes through the vibrating rod (9) and the horn ( 12) conducts and amplifies the gear shaving cutter (7) to generate a high-frequency and high-energy mechanical vibration along the axial direction of the main shaft on the basis of the rotary motion, thereby realizing the ultrasonic precision shaving process of gears. 4. The application of the ultrasonic gear shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic vibration mode and specific feeding method of the gear shaving knife (7) are as follows: if the gear shaving knife (7) is a medium-thick disc shaving When the gear cutter is used for ultrasonic shaving, the gear cutter (7) performs pitch-circle transverse bending ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 20kHz while completing the rotation. In addition, the gear cutter (7) can also perform radial feed motion, The gear workpiece (29) makes an axial reciprocating motion; if the gear shaving cutter (7) is a short and thick cylindrical gear shaving cutter, when performing ultrasonic gear shaving, the gear shaving cutter (7) performs a longitudinal ultrasonic wave at a frequency of 20 kHz while completing the rotation. vibration, in addition, the shaving cutter (7) can also do radial feed motion, and the gear workpiece (29) can do axial reciprocating motion.