CN105452213B - 富马酸酯前体药物及其在治疗多种疾病中的应用 - Google Patents

富马酸酯前体药物及其在治疗多种疾病中的应用 Download PDF

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CN105452213B
CN105452213B CN201480024458.9A CN201480024458A CN105452213B CN 105452213 B CN105452213 B CN 105452213B CN 201480024458 A CN201480024458 A CN 201480024458A CN 105452213 B CN105452213 B CN 105452213B
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CN105452213A (zh
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T·A·齐丹
S·邓肯
C·P·亨肯
T·A·韦恩
C·N·萨雷姆
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Alkermes Pharma Ireland Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了式(I)化合物,及其药物组合物。

Description

富马酸酯前体药物及其在治疗多种疾病中的应用
相关专利申请
本申请要求享有2013年3月14日提交的美国临时申请号为61/782,445的申请,以及2014年1月31日提交的美国临时申请号为61/934,365的申请,上述申请的全部内容已经通过引用并入本文中。
发明领域
本发明涉及富马酸单甲酯的多种前体药物。具体的,本发明涉及富马酸单甲酯的衍生物,其相对于富马酸二甲酯提供了改善的特性。本发明还涉及治疗多种疾病的方法。
发明背景
富马酸酯(FAEs)在德国已经被批准用于牛皮廯的治疗,此时在美国正在对牛皮廯和多发性硬化症的治疗进行评估,并且已经提出在治疗广泛的免疫的、自身免疫的和炎症性的疾病和病症的应用。
已经提出了FAEs和其他的富马酸衍生物在广泛的疾病和病症的治疗中的应用,涉及的免疫的、自身免疫的和炎症性过程包括牛皮廯(Joshi和Strebel,WO1999/49858;U.S.Pat.No.6,277,882;Mrowietz和Asadullah,Trends Mol Med 2005,111(1),43-48;以及Yazdi和Mrowietz,Clinics Dermatology 2008,26,522-526);哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Joshi等,WO 2005/023241和US 2007/0027076);心功能不全包括左心室功能不全、心肌梗死和心绞痛(Joshi等,WO 2005/023241;Joshi等,US 2007/0027076);线粒体和神经退行性疾病例如帕金森氏疾病、阿尔茨海默氏疾病、亨廷顿氏疾病、色素性视网膜疾病以及线粒体脑疾病(Joshi和Strebel,WO 2002/055063,US 2006/0205659,U.S.Pat.No.6,509,376,U.S.Pat.No.6,858,750,以及U.S.Pat.No.7,157,423);移植(Joshi和Strebel,WO 2002/055063,US 2006/0205659,U.S.Pat.No.6,359,003,U.S.Pat.No.6,509,376,以及U.S.Pat.No.7,157,423;以及Lehmann等,Arch Dermatol Res 2002,294,399-404);自身免疫性疾病(Joshi和Strebel,WO 2002/055063,U.S.Pat.No.6,509,376,U.S.Pat.No.7,157,423,以及US 2006/0205659)包括多发性硬化症(MS)(Joshi和Strebel,WO 1998/52549以及U.S.Pat.No.6,436,992;Went和Lieberburg,US 2008/0089896;Schimrigk等,Eur JNeurology 2006,13,604-610;以及Schilling等,Clin Experimental Immunology 2006,145,101-107);缺血性再灌注性损伤(Joshi等,US 2007/0027076);AGE-诱导基因组损伤(Heidland,WO 2005/027899);炎性肠疾病例如克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎;关节炎;以及其它疾病(Nilsson等,WO 2006/037342以及Nilsson和Muller,WO 2007/042034)。
,一种含有富马酸单乙酸和富马酸二甲酯(DMF)的盐混合物的肠溶片,其迅速水解为富马酸单甲酯,被视为主要的生物活性代谢产物,并且在1994年被德国批准用于牛皮廯的治疗。经由TID定量1-2克/每天给药用于牛皮廯的治疗。相对于药物吸收和食品强力降低生物利用率而言显示出高度的病人间变异。吸收被认为是发生在小肠中,在口福使用后5-6个小时是得到峰值水平。在70-90%的患者中会出现显著的副作用(Brewer和Rogers,Clin Expt′l Dermatology 2007,32,246-49;以及Hoefnagel等,Br J Dermatology 2003,149,363-369)。目前FAC疗法的副作用包括肠胃不适包括恶心、呕吐、腹泻和/或皮肤瞬间变红。
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种自身免疫性疾病,具有针对中枢神经系统(CNS)抗原的自身免疫活性。这种疾病的特征在于在部分CNS中的炎症,导致包覆在神经元周围的髓鞘(渐进性脱髓鞘)的损失、轴突损害、以及神经细胞、寡树突胶质细胞和神经胶质细胞的最终致死。
富马酸二甲酯(DMF)是实验治疗的活性成分,BG-12,用于研究复发-缓解型多发性硬化(RRMS)的治疗。在RRMS的阶段IIb研究中,BG-12显著降低了钆增强脑部病变。在临床前研究中,DMF给药已经显示出抑制小鼠和大鼠EAE中的CNS炎症。还发现了DMF可以已知于EAE相关的星形胶质细胞聚集。参见,例如,US公开申请号为2012/0165404。
MS有四种主要临床类型:1)复发-缓解型MS(RRMS),特征在于清楚指出式在完全恢复后复发或者在恢复后有后遗症以及残余亏损的复发;疾病复发期间的特征在于疾病进展的缺乏;2)继发进展型MS(SPMS),特征在于初始复发缓解过程伴随着有或是没有偶尔复发、较轻缓解和稳定阶段的继发;3)原发进展型MS(PPMS),特征在于疾病的进展来自于允许偶尔的稳定和短暂较小的进展;以及4)进展复发型MS(PRMS),特征在于疾病进展开始具有明显严重的复发,具有或不具有完全恢复;复发期间的特征在于持续的进展。
临床上,所述疾病通常显示为一种复发-缓解型疾病并且,在较小的程度上,是神经性的障碍的稳定进展。复发-缓解型MS(RRMS)表现为局部或多发性神经功能障碍反复侵害的形式。所述侵害可能会在很多年之间出现、减轻和复发。缓解通常是不完全的并且会一种侵害连着另一种侵害,一种逐步加重的恶化会随着增加的永久性神经性的缺陷而发生。对于大多数的患者而言,在RRMS的通常过程中的特征在于与疾病进展的最终发作有关的反复复发。所述疾病随后的过程是不可预期的,虽然大多数患有复发-缓解型疾病的患者将最终发展为继发性疾病。在复发-缓解阶段,复发与临床休止状态交替,并且依据在发作期间的神经性缺陷的存在而会或者不会具有后遗症。在复发-缓解阶段期间的复发周期是临床稳定的。另一方面,具有进展性MS的患者表现出缺陷稳步增加的状态,如上文所定义的,并且要么是从发病起家你或者是在发作阶段之后,但是这种名称并不排除进一步出现新的复发。
尽管如上文所述,富马酸二甲酯还涉及显著的缺陷。
举例来说,众所周知富马酸二甲酯通过口服给药会产生副作用,例如个体脸红和胃肠道反应包括恶心、腹泻和/或上腹部疼痛。例如参见Gold等,N.Eng.J.Med.,2012,367(12),1098-1107。富马酸二甲酯以BID或TID给药,以大约480mg至大约1gram或更多的总日剂量。进一步,在用于长期治疗的药物应用中,理想的是所述药物被配制从而适用于每日一次或每日两次施用,从而有助于患者的依从性。每日一次或更少的给药频率是更为理想的。
长期治疗的另一个问题是确定最佳剂量的需求,所述最佳剂量可以是被患者耐受的。如果这样的剂量没有被确定,那么会导致施用药物效力的减轻。
综上所述,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种适用于长期施用的化合物和/或组合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种药物活性制剂在一种方式中的应用,这种方式能够使得人们在使用药物活性制剂治疗的患者中实现药物的可容忍稳态水平。
由于上文所描述的富马酸二甲酯的缺点,因而仍然需要减少与DMF相关的给药频率,降低与DMF相关的副作用和/或改善与DMF相关的的物理化学特性。因此,在神经性疾病(例如MS)治疗中仍然存在对一种维持DMF的药理优势但是克服了其在制剂和/或给药后不利影响中的缺陷的药物的需求。本发明解决了这些需求。
附图说明
附图1描述的是,在90分钟内通过NMR观测到的在pH 7.9,25℃下,化合物16的水解作用,显示的乙烯基区域。
附图2描述的是,在19个小时内通过NMR观测到的在pH 7.9,25℃下,化合物16的水解作用,显示的乙烯基区域。
附图3描述的是,在19个小时内通过NMR观测到的在pH 7.9,25℃下,化合物16的水解作用,显示的脂肪族区域。
附图4描述的是,在15个小时内通过NMR观测到的在pH 7.9,37℃下,参照物化合物A的水解作用,显示的乙烯基区域。
附图5描述的是,在15个小时内通过NMR观测到的在pH 7.9,37℃下,参照物化合物A的水解作用,显示的脂肪族区域。
附图6描述的是对于化合物14和DMF的重量损失vs时间的图表。
附图7描述的是对于结晶的化合物14的单位晶胞。
发明内容
本发明涉及在神经性疾病的治疗中有效的令人惊奇且出乎意料发现的新药及其相关方法。在本发明中所描述的方法和组合物包括一种或多种富马酸单甲酯(MMF)的前药(例如,胺烷基前药)。所述方法和组合物为受试者在至少大约8个小时到至少大约24个小时期间提供了一种治疗有效量的活性成分。
更为具体的,本发明的化合物可以通过口服施用在体内转化为富马酸单甲酯。在转化期间,所述活性成分(即富马酸单甲酯)有效用于治疗经受神经性疾病的受试者。
在某种程度上,本发明提供了一种式(I)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基,取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基,取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子、或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子或者一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括一种或多种这里所描述的通式化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供了用于治疗神经性疾病的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述疾病。
本发明还提供了用于治疗多发性硬化症的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述多发性硬化症。
本发明还提供了用于治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述多发性硬化症。
本发明还提供了用于治疗继发进展型多发性硬化症(SPMS)的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述多发性硬化症。
本发明还提供了用于治疗原发进展型多发性硬化症(PPMS)的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述多发性硬化症。
本发明还提供了用于治疗进展复发型多发性硬化症(PRMS)的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述多发性硬化症。
本发明还提供了用于治疗阿尔兹海默疾病的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述阿尔兹海默疾病。
本发明还提供了用于治疗脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy)的方法,所述方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的这里所描述的通式化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,从而治疗所述脑性瘫痪。
本发明还提供了化合物和组合物,所述化合物和组合物可以改善口服的、控制的或这持续释放的制剂。特别是,富马酸二甲酯被一天两次或三次给药,用于治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化症。与此相反,本发明的化合物和组合物能够得到具有修饰持续时间的治疗效果的制剂,用于对具有多发性硬化症的受试者中降低释放速率。例如,本发明的化合物和组合物提供了在受试者中至少大约8个小时、至少大约12个小时、至少大约16个小时、至少大约20个小时或者至少24个小时的治疗有效量的富马酸单甲酯。
本发明还提供了相对于富马酸二甲酯而言施用于受试者时可导致减少的副作用的化合物、组合物和方法。例如,胃刺激和脸红是某些受试者口服施用富马酸二甲酯的众所周知的副作用。本发明的化合物、组合物和方法可以在有过经历的或者是有发展为上述副作用的风险的受试者中被利用。
本发明还提供了相对于富马酸二甲酯而言表现出改善的物理稳定性的化合物和组合物。特别是,富马酸二甲酯在本领域中已知在室温和升高的温度条件下会升华。在控制的温度和相对湿度条件下,本发明的化合物具有比富马酸二甲酯更好的物理稳定性。特别是,在一个实施方案中,本文所述的通式化合物表现出相对于富马酸二甲酯降低的升华。
进一步,富马酸二甲酯也是已知的一种接触刺激性。参见,例如DMF的材料安全数据表。在一个实施方式中,富马酸二甲酯已知是接触刺激性的。参见,例如,DMF的材料安全数据手册。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物表现出相对于富马酸二甲酯而言表现出降低的接触刺激性。例如,在本发明中所描述的通式化合物相对于富马酸二甲酯而言表现出降低的接触刺激性。
本发明还提供了化合物和组合物,其相对于富马酸二甲酯而言表现出降低的食物影响。当与食物一起施用时,富马酸二甲酯的生物利用度在本领域中已知会降低。特别是,在一个实施方案中,在本发明中所描述的通式化合物相对于富马酸二甲酯而言表现出降低的食物影响。
除非另有定义,否则在本发明中所使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有相同的含义如由普通技术人员对本发明所属领域中通常理解的。在本发明说明书中,单数形式也包括复数,除非上下文另有明确说明。尽管方法与类似或等同于本文描述的材料可以在本发明的实践或测试中使用,合适的方法和材料描述如下。的所有出版物,专利申请,专利和其他参考文献本文提及的引入作为参考。本文引用的参考文献都没有承认是现有技术所要求保护的发明。在冲突的情况下,本说明书将控制,包括定义。此外,材料,方法和实施例仅是用于说明性的,并不旨在进行限制。
本发明的其它特点和优点从下面详细说明和从权利要求书看将是显而易见的。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了通过给药一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物用于治疗一种神经性疾病的新的化合物和方法,用于合成式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物的合成方法,以及含有式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了通过给药所需要的受试者用于治疗牛皮癣的化合物和方法,治疗有效量的式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物。
本发明提供了,部分地,用于治疗一种神经性疾病的方法,通过给药所需要的受试者治疗有效量的式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物。神经性疾病可以是多发性硬化症。本发明进一步提供了式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,在植被用于有效治疗一种神经性的疾病的药物中的应用。
根据本发明所述所述,一种神经性疾病是一种受试者内脑、脊髓或神经的疾病。在一个实施方案中,神经性疾病的特征在于中枢神经系统的脱髓鞘、或者髓鞘的退化。髓鞘促进通过神经纤维或轴突神经冲动的传输。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病选自由下述疾病所组成的组中:多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默氏病,脑性麻痹、脊椎损伤、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化(ALS)、中风、亨廷顿氏病、帕金森病、视神经炎、视神经脊髓炎、横贯性脊髓炎、急性感染后肪炎髓膜炎、肾上腺脑白质营养不良和肾上腺脊髓神经病,急性炎症性脱髓鞘多神经病(AIDP)、慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(CIDP)、急性横贯性脊髓炎、渐变多焦点白质脑病(PML)、急性感染后肪炎髓膜炎(ADEM),以及其他遗传性异常,例如脑白质病,遗传性视神经萎缩,以及腓骨肌萎缩症。在某些实施方案中,所述神经性的疾病是一种自体免疫疾病。在一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是中风。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是阿尔茨海默氏病。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是脑部麻痹。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是脊椎损伤。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是ALS。在另一个实施方案中,神经性疾病是亨廷顿氏病。参见,例如,US专利号为8,007,826、WO2005/099701以及WO2004/082684,这些专利文献的全部内容在这里以引用的形式并入本发明。
在一个进一步的实施方案中,本发明提供了用于一种疾病或者这里所描述的疾病病状的治疗方法,通过给药所需要的受试者,治疗有效量的式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物。本发明进一步提供了式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)、或者(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,在制备用于治疗一种疾病或者一种在本发明中所描述的病症的药物中的应用。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(I)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法,通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(I)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子或者一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
在式(I)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物的一个方面中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是未被取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,未被取代的C3-C10碳环,未被取代的C6-C10芳基,未被取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者未被取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H,C1-C6烷基,C2-C6烯基,C6-C10芳基,C3-C10碳环,杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,其中所述烷基,烯基,芳基,碳环,杂环,或杂芳基基团可任选各自独立地被C1-C3-烷基、OH、O(C1-C4烷基)、羰基、卤素、NH2、N(H)(C1-C6烷基)、N(C1-C6烷基)2、SO2H、SO2(C1-C6烷基)、CHO、CO2H、CO2(C1-C6烷基)或者CN取代一次或多次;
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;或者一种杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,其中所述杂芳基或者杂环可任选地被C1-C6烷基、CN、OH、卤素、O(C1-C6烷基)、CHO、羰基、硫酮、NO或NH2取代一次或多次。
在这一方面的一个实施方案中,R1和R2的至少一个是H。
在这一方面的另一个实施方案中,La是(CH2)2
在式(I)的另一个实施方案中,R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成一种杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基环是一种吡咯环、一种吡唑环、一种咪唑环、一种苯并咪唑环、一种噻唑环、一种1H-1,2,4-三唑环,一种1H-1,2,3-三唑环、一种1H-四唑环、一种嘧啶酮环,一种吲哚环、或者一种苯并异噻唑环,其中所有的环可任选地被C1-C6烷基、CN、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、CHO、NO2或NH2取代一次或多次。
在式(I)的又一个实施方案中,R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成一种杂环,其中所述杂环是一种吗啉环、一种硫代吗啉环、一种吡咯烷环、一种2,5-二氢吡咯环、一种1,2-二氢吡啶环、一种哌嗪环、一种丁二酰亚胺环,一种异吲哚啉环、一种2,5-二氢-1H-四唑环,一种氮杂环丁烷环、一种哌啶环、一种六氢嘧啶环、一种2,3,3a,4,7,7a-六氢-1H-4,7-环氧异吲哚环、一种3,4-二氢喹唑啉环、一种1,2,3,4-四氢喹唑啉环,一种恶唑烷环,一种恶唑烷酮环,一种咪唑啉酮环、一种1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑-2-酮环,一种咪唑烷硫酮环,或者一种异噻唑烷环,其中所有的环可任选地被C1-C6烷基,CO2(C1-C6烷基),OH,(CH2)1-4OH,O(C1-C6烷基)、卤素、NH2、(CH2)1-4NH2、(CH2)1-4NH(C1-C4烷基)、(CH2)1-4N(C1-C4烷基)2、羰基、或者硫酮取代一次或多次。
在式(I)的一个实施方案中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C3烷基;
La是(CH2)1-6;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地:H,甲基,乙基,异丙基,丁基,叔-丁基,环己基,环己烯基,苯基,苄基,苯并二茂,吡啶基,(CH2)2N(CH3)2,(CH2)3SO2H,(CH2)2SO2Me,CH2CO2H,或者(CH2)2CN,
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种任选被C1-C4烷基,羰基,或者(CH2)1-3N(C1-C4烷基)2取代一次或多次的吗啉环;一种8-氧-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷环;一种1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷环;一种被羰基或硫酮取代一次或多次的硫代吗啉环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,卤素,(CH2)2OH,C1-C4烷基酯取代一次或多次的哌嗪环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的吡咯烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的2,5-二氢吡咯环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的丁二酰亚胺环;一种3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的六氢嘧啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,卤素,C(O)NH2,或NO2取代一次或多次的吡咯环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,C(O)NH2,或NO2取代一次或多次的吡唑环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或NO2取代一次或多次的咪唑环;一种1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑-2-酮环;一种苯并咪唑环;一种噻唑环;一种羰基取代的异吲哚啉环;一种1H-四唑环;一种硫酮取代的1H 2,5-二氢-1H-四唑环;一种1H-1,2,4-三唑环;一种1H-1,2,3-三唑环;一种羰基取代的氮杂环丁烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,羰基,卤素,OH,或(CH2)1-4OH取代一次或多次的哌啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,OH,或CN取代一次或多次的吡啶酮环;一种羰基取代的1,2-二氢吡啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的恶唑烷环;一种恶唑烷酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的咪唑啉酮环;一种咪唑烷硫酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的异噻唑烷环;一种吲哚环;一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的2,3,3a,4,7,7a-六氢-1H-4,7-环氧异吲哚环;一种被羰基取代的3,4-二氢喹唑啉环;被羰基取代一次或多次的1,2,3,4-四氢喹唑啉环;或者一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的苯并异噻唑环。
在式(I)的另一个实施方案中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C3烷基;
La是(CH2)1-6;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地:H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、丁基、叔-丁基、环己基、苯基、苄基、苯并二茂、吡啶基、(CH2)2N(CH3)2、(CH2)3SO2H、(CH2)2SO2Me、CH2CO2H、或者(CH2)2CN;
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种任选地被C1-C4烷基,羰基、或者(CH2)1-3N(C1-C4烷基)2取代一次或多次吗啉环;一种8-氧-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷环;一种被羰基或硫酮取代一次或多次的硫代吗啉环;一种被C1-C4烷基酯取代的哌嗪环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的吡咯烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的2,5-二氢吡咯环;一种C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的丁二酰亚胺环;一种3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的六氢嘧啶环;一种C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种被NO2取代的咪唑环;一种被羰基取代的异吲哚啉环;一种被羰基取代的氮杂环丁烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基、羰基、卤素、OH、或者(CH2)1-4OH取代一次或多次的哌啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基、OH、或CN取代一次或多次的吡啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的恶唑烷环;一种恶唑烷酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的咪唑啉酮环;一种咪唑烷硫酮环;一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的异噻唑烷环;或者一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的苯并异噻唑环。
在式(I)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物的一个方面中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是未被取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,未被取代的C3-C10碳环,未被取代的C6-C10芳基,未被取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者未被取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;以及
或者R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;或者一种包含一种5-元环和选自N、O和S的1-3个杂原子的杂环,其中所述杂芳基或者杂环可任选地被C1-C6烷基、CN、OH、卤素、O(C1-C6烷基)、CHO、羰基、硫酮、NO、或NH2取代一次或多次。
在这一方面的一个实施方案中,R2和R3的至少其中之一为H。
在这一方面的另一个实施方案中,La是(CH2)2.
在式(I)的又一个实施方案中,R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成一种杂环,其中所述杂环是一种硫代吗啉环、一种吡咯烷环、一种2,5-二氢吡咯环、一种1,2-二氢吡啶环、一种哌嗪环、一种丁二酰亚胺环,一种异吲哚啉环、一种2,5-二氢-1H-四唑环,一种氮杂环丁烷环、一种哌啶环、一种六氢嘧啶环、一种2,3,3a,4,7,7a-六氢-1H-4,7-环氧异吲哚环、一种3,4-二氢喹唑啉环、一种1,2,3,4-四氢喹唑啉环,一种恶唑烷环,一种恶唑烷酮环,一种咪唑啉酮环、一种1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑-2-酮环、一种咪唑烷硫酮环、或者一种异噻唑烷环,其中所有的环可任选地被C1-C6烷基、CO2(C1-C6烷基)、OH、(CH2)1-4OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、卤素、NH2、(CH2)1-4NH2、(CH2)1-4NH(C1-C4烷基)、(CH2)1-4N(C1-C4烷基)2、羰基、或硫酮取代一次或多次。
在式(I)的一个实施方案中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C3烷基;
La是(CH2)1-6;以及
R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种被C1-C4烷基、羰基、或(CH2)1-3N(C1-C4烷基)2取代一次或多次的吗啉环;一种8-氧-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷环;一种1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷环;一种被羰基或硫酮取代一次或多次的硫代吗啉环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,卤素,(CH2)2OH,C1-C4烷基酯取代的哌嗪环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的吡咯烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的2,5-二氢吡咯环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的丁二酰亚胺环;一种3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的六氢嘧啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,卤素,C(O)NH2、或NO2取代一次或多次的吡咯环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,C(O)NH2、或NO2取代一次或多次的吡唑环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或NO2取代一次或多次的咪唑环;一种1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑-2-酮环;一种苯并咪唑环;一种噻唑环;一种被羰基取代的异吲哚啉环;一种1H-四唑环;一种被硫酮取代的1H 2,5-二氢-1H-四唑环;一种1H-1,2,4-三唑环;一种1H-1,2,3-三唑环;一种被羰基取代的氮杂环丁烷环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,羰基,卤素,OH、或(CH2)1-4OH取代一次或多次的哌啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基,OH、或CN取代一次或多次的吡啶酮环;一种被羰基取代的1,2-二氢吡啶环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的嘧啶酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基取代一次或多次的恶唑烷环;一种恶唑烷酮环;一种任选被C1-C4烷基或羰基取代一次或多次的咪唑啉酮环;一种咪唑烷硫酮环;一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的异噻唑烷环;一种吲哚环;一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的2,3,3a,4,7,7a-六氢-1H-4,7-环氧异吲哚环;一种被羰基取代的3,4-二氢喹唑啉环;被羰基取代一次或多次的1,2,3,4-四氢喹唑啉环;或者一种任选被羰基取代一次或多次的苯并异噻唑环。
在式(I)的某些实施方案中,R1和R2的至少其中之一为H。
在式(I)的另一实施方案中,La是(CH2)2
在式(I)的一个具体实施方案中:
R1是甲基;
La是(CH2)2;以及
R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种丁二酰亚胺环。
在式(I)的另一个实施方案中:
R1是甲基;
La是(CH2)3;以及
R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种丁二酰亚胺环。
在式(I)的又一个实施方案中:
R1是甲基;
La是(CH2)4;以及
R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种丁二酰亚胺环。
例如,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
例如,神经性疾病是复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)。
例如,式(I)化合物为在本申请表1中所列出的化合物。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R1是甲基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R1是乙基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C3烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是二甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是甲基或者二甲基取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,La是未被取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C3烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C2烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是C(O)ORa-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Ra是H或者未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是S(O)(O)Rb-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Rb是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R3是H。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R3是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R3是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的吡咯烷基,咪唑烷基,吡唑烷基,恶唑烷基,异恶唑烷基,三唑烷基,四氢呋喃,哌啶基,哌嗪基,或吗啉环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种卤素取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种4-卤素取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的吗啉环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种吗啉N-氧化物环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的吡咯烷基环。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的苯基。
例如,在式(I)化合物中,R2是未被取代的苄基。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(Ia)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(Ia)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环以及1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环以及1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;以及
R2 is H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
例如,神经性疾病是复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS).
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R1是甲基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R1是乙基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C3烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是二甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是甲基或二甲基取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,La是未被取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是甲基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C3烷基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C2烷基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是C(O)ORa-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Ra是H或未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R2是S(O)(O)Rb-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Rb是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(Ib)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(Ib)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
A-是一种药学上可接受的阴离子;
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
R3’是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者可选择地,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
例如,神经性疾病是复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS).
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R1是甲基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R1是乙基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C1-C3烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是二甲基取代或未取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是甲基或二甲基取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,La是未被取代的C2烷基连接基团。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C3烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C1-C2烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是C(O)ORa-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Ra是H或者未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是S(O)(O)Rb-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Rb是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3是H。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、恶唑烷基、异恶唑烷基、三唑烷基、四氢呋喃、哌啶基、哌嗪基、或者吗啉环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种卤素取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种4-卤素取代的哌啶环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的吗啉环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种未被取代的吡咯烷基环。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2和R3,与它们所连接的氮原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的苯基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R2是未被取代的苄基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3’是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3’是未被取代的C1-C3烷基。
例如,在式(Ib)化合物中,R3’是甲基。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(II)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(II)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
R4和R5每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基、取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环、取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子、或者取代或未取代的杂芳基包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
R6,R7,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基或C(O)ORa;以及
Ra是H或者取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
在式(II)的一个实施方案中,
R1是甲基;
R4和R5每个是甲基;以及
R6,R7,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,H或者甲基。
例如,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
例如,神经性疾病是复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS).
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R1是甲基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R1是乙基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的C1-C3烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的C1-C2烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是C(O)ORa-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Ra是H或者未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是S(O)(O)Rb-取代的C1-C6烷基,其中Rb是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R5是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R5是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R5是未被取代的C1-C6烷基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的C6-C10芳基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的苯基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R4是未被取代的苄基。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6,R7,R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7,R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6是未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7,R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R8是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6,R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R8是未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6,R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6和R8每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6和R8每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6和R7每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R6和R7每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6和R7每个是H。
例如,在式(II)化合物中,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6和R7每个是H。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(III)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(III)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
选自由下述结构所组成的组中:
X是N、O、S、或SO2
Z是C或者N;
m是0、1、2或3;
n是1或2;
w是0、1、2或3;
t是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
R6,R7,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基或者C(O)ORa;以及
Ra是H或者取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;以及
每个R10各自独立地是,H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者,可选择地,两个连接到相同碳原子上的R10’,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者,可选择地,两个连接到不同原子上的R10’,与它们所连接的原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
例如,神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
例如,神经性疾病是复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R1是甲基。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R1是乙基。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,
例如,在式(III)化合物中,
例如,在式(III)化合物中,
例如,在式(III)化合物中,
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7,R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6是未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7,R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R8是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6,R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R8是未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R6,R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6和R8每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6和R8每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R7和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6和R7每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基并且R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R6和R7每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基并且R8和R9每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基,和R6和R7每个是H。
例如,在式(III)化合物中,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,未被取代的C1-C6烷基,并且R6和R7每个是H。
在式(III)的一个实施方案中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
是选自由所组成的组中;
m是0、1、2或3;
t是2、4或6;
R6,R7,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,H,未被取代的C1-C6烷基、或C(O)ORa,其中Ra是H或者未被取代的C1-C6烷基;以及
连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种式(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物,或者一种神经性疾病的治疗方法通过给药所需要的受试者一种治疗有效量的式(IV)的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基连接基团;
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的酰基、NR14R15、C(S)R11,C(S)SR11、C(S)NR11R12、C(S)NR11NR13R14、C(NR13)NR11R12,、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环、取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子、或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
R11和R12每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
R13是H或者取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;以及
R14和R15每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的酰基,取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基,取代或未取代的C6-C10芳基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,或者取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
其中R2和R3的至少其中之一是取代或未取代的酰基、NR14R15、C(S)R11、C(S)SR11、C(S)NR11R12、C(S)NR11NR13R14、或者C(NR13)NR11R12.
在式(IV)的一个实施方案中,
R1是C1-C6烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C4烷基连接基团;以及
one of R2和R3的其中之一是CO2(C1-C6烷基)、CO2CH2Ph、CO2Ph、CO2Py、吡啶基-N-氧化酯、C(O)CH2(咪唑),C(S)NHPh、或者C(NH)NH2,其中Ph或者咪唑基团任选被NO2取代。
在式(IV)的另一个实施方案中,
R1是C1-C4烷基;
La是取代或未取代的C1-C4烷基连接基团;以及
R2和R3每个是,各自独立地,H,甲基,乙基,异丙基,丁基,叔-丁基,环己基,环己烯基,苯基,苄基,苯并二茂,吡啶基,(CH2)2N(CH3)2,(CH2)3SO2H,(CH2)2SO2Me,CHO,CH2CO2H,C(O)(CH2)2CO2H,NO,C(O)NH2,(CH2)2CN,叔-丁基酯、苄基酯、吡啶基酯、吡啶基-N-氧化酯,C(O)CH2(2-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基),C(S)NHPh,羰基取代的乙基、羰基取代的丙基、或者NO2取代的苯基酯,其中所述苯基和苄基基团可任选被甲基,NH2,NO2,OH、或者CHO取代一次或多次;
其中R2和R3的至少其中之一是取代或未取代的酰基、NR14R15、C(S)R11、C(S)SR11、C(S)NR11R12、C(S)NR11NR13R14、或者C(NR13)NR11R12
在式(IV)的一个实施方案中,
R1是C1-C6烷基;
La是(CH2)1-4
R2是H或者C(O)C1-C6烷基;以及
R3是H或者C(O)C1-C6烷基
其中R2和R3的至少其中之一是C(O)C1-6烷基。
例如,所述化合物是在本申请表1中所列出的化合物。
本发明代表性的化合物包括在表1和表2中所列出的化合物。
表1:
A-是一种药学上可接受的阴离子。
表2:
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包括一种或多种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
在一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物是一种控制释放的组合物,包括一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,其中所述控制释放的组合物为受试者提供了一种治疗有效量的富马酸单甲酯。在另一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物是一种控制释放的组合物,包括一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,其中所述控制释放的组合物为受试者提供至少大约8个小时到至少大约24个小时的一种治疗有效量的富马酸单甲酯。在另一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物是一种控制释放的组合物,包括一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,其中所述控制释放的组合物为受试者提供至少大约8个小时,至少大约10个小时,至少大约12个小时,至少大约13个小时,至少大约14个小时,至少大约15个小时,至少大约16个小时,至少大约17个小时,至少大约18个小时,至少大约19个小时,至少大约20个小时,至少大约21个小时,至少大约22个小时,至少大约23个小时或者至少大约24个小时或更长时间的一种治疗有效量的富马酸单甲酯。例如,至少大约18个小时。例如,至少大约12个小时。例如,超过12个小时。例如,至少大约16个小时。例如,至少大约20个小时。例如,至少大约24个小时。
在另一个实施方案中,一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物被有效转化为活性物质,即富马酸单甲酯,在口服施用后。例如,所施用的种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物总剂量的大约50摩尔百分比,大约55摩尔百分比,大约60摩尔百分比,大约65摩尔百分比,大约70摩尔百分比,大约75摩尔百分比,大约80摩尔百分比,大约85摩尔百分比,大约90摩尔百分比,或者超过90摩尔百分比在口服施用之后被转化为富马酸单甲酯。在另一个实施方案中,一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物口服施用后被转化为活性物质物,即富马酸单甲酯,比富马酸二甲酯更为高效。在另一个实施方案中,一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物在口服施用后被转化为活性物质即富马酸单甲酯,是比US 8,148,414中所描述的一种或多种化合物更为高效。例如,一种式(I)、(Ia)、(Ib)、(II)、(III)或者(IV)的化合物在口服施用后基本上完全转化为活性物质,即富马酸单甲酯。US 8,148,414在此已明确引入作为参考。
在另一个实施方案中,化合物1-133的任意其中之一在口服施用后有效转化为活性物质,即富马酸单甲酯。例如,所施用的化合物1-133的任意其中之一总剂量的大约50百分比、大约55百分比、大约60百分比、大约65百分比、大约70百分比、大约75百分比、大约80百分比、大约85百分比、大约90百分比、或者超过90百分比在口服施用后被转化为富马酸单甲酯。在另一个实施方案中,化合物1-133的任意其中之一在口服施用后转化为活性物质即富马酸单甲酯比富马酸二甲酯更为高效。在另一个实施方案中,化合物1-133的任意其中之一在口服施用后转化为活性物质即富马酸单甲酯,其比US 8,148,414中所描述的一个或多个化合物更为高效。例如,化合物1-133的任意其中之一在口服施用后完全转化为活性物质即富马酸单甲酯。
针对一种药物用于获得其治疗效果,需要维持所要求水平的血液或者血浆浓度。许多药物,包括富马酸二甲酯,必须在一天中多次给药以维持所需浓度。此外,即使每天多次给药所述药物,活性成分的血液或血浆浓度仍然会随着时间变化,也就是说,在施用期间的某些时间点具有比其它时间更高的活性成分浓度。因此,在24个小时阶段的某些时间点上,患者可接受治到疗有效量的活性成分,但是在其它的时间点上血液中的活性成分浓度可能低于治疗水平之下。这种药物的其它问题包括一天多次给药常常对遵从治疗的患者产生不利地影响。因此,期望具有一种药物剂量形式形式,其中活性成分以一种控制的方式进行递送,从而通过每天一次或至多两次给药就能得到一种恒定或者基本上恒定水平血液或血浆浓度的活性成分。综上,本发明提供了如下所述的控制-释放之际。通常来说,这种制剂是本领域技术人员已知的或者是使用常规方法可利用的。
如在本文中所使用的,“控制-释放”指的是一种剂量形式,其中活性制剂的释放是指在欲断时间内被控制的或被修饰的。控制可以意味着,例如,在某些特定的时间上持续、延迟或者脉冲释放。例如,控制-释放可指的是活性成分的释放被延长超过其是以立即-释放剂量形式,即至少数个小时。
如在本文中所使用的,“立即-释放“指的是一种剂量形式,其中到过或等于大约75%的活性成分在施用2个小时内释放,或者更为具体的,在施用1小时内释放。立即-释放或者控制-释放的特征还在于它们的溶出曲线。
制剂的特征还在于其药代动力学参数。如在本文中所使用的,“药代动力学参数”描述的是在活性成分随时间在体内的特征,包括例如活性成分的血浆浓度。如在本文中所使用的,“Cmax”指的是在最大浓度点上活性成分在血浆中的浓度。“Tmax”指的是在血浆中活性成分浓度是最高的时候的时间点。“AUC”指的是从一个时间点到另一个时间点测量的活性成分(通常为血浆浓度)浓度vs时间的曲线图的曲线下的面积。
在这里所提供的所述控制-释放制剂提供了所期望的特性和优势。例如,所述制剂可以每天给药一次,其对于本文所述的受试者是可取得。所述制剂可提供多种治疗作用,而这些治疗作用是想一个你的较短活性或立即-释放剂型所无法得到的。例如,所述制剂可维持较长、更为稳定的血浆峰值,例如Cmax,从而降低了可能的副作用的发生率和严重程度。
缓释剂量形式在将所述剂量形式施用于患者后在持续的一段时间内将其活性成分释放到患者的胃肠道中。具体的剂量形式包括:(a)那些将活性物质包埋在通过扩散或侵蚀从其中释放的机制中的剂量形式;(b)那些活性成分存在于核心中的剂量形式,所述核心用释放速率控制薄膜包覆;(c)那些活性成分存在与设有不可透过活性成分的外涂层的核心中的剂量形式,所述外涂层具有一种开口(其可以是被钻孔的)用于活性成分的释放;(d)那些活性成分通过一种半渗透薄膜被释放的剂量形式,使药物穿过薄膜扩散或通过薄膜中的液体填充小孔进行扩散;以及(e)那些活性成分以一种离子交换复合物形式存在的剂量形式。
本领域技术人员显而易见的是某些用于得到持续释放的上述方式是可以结合的,例如含有活性化合物的基质可被配制在一种多颗粒剂中和/或用一种设有开口的不可透过的涂层进行包覆。
脉冲释放制剂在将所述剂量形式施用于患者持续一段时间后释放活性化合物。然后所述释放是以一种立即释放或者持续释放的形式。这种延迟可通过在特定点将药物释放到胃肠道实现,或者通过在预设时间后释放药物实现。脉冲释放制剂可以以片剂或多颗粒剂或者它们二者的结合形式存在。颗粒制剂形式包括:(a)渗透势触发释放(参见US专利号为3,952,741的专利);(b)压缩涂层两层片剂(参见US专利号为5,464,633的专利);(c)含有易蚀插头的胶囊(参见US专利号为5,474,784的专利),S型释放微丸(在US专利号为5,112,621的专利中被提到);以及(d)涂覆有或者含有pH依赖性聚合物的制剂,所述pH依赖性聚合物包括虫胶、酞酸酯衍生产品、聚丙烯酸衍生物和巴豆酸共聚物。
双释放的制剂可将立即释放形式的活性成分与其它控制释放形式的活性成分进行结合。例如,一种双层片剂可用含有立即释放活性成分的一层以及含有包埋在通过扩散或侵蚀释放的机制中的活性成分的另一层进行制备。可选择的,一种或多种立即释放小球可在胶囊中与一种或多种被释放速率控制薄膜包覆的小球进行结合,从而提供一种双释放制剂。其中活性成分存在于一种核心中的缓释制剂可以用立即释放形式的药物进行包覆从而提供一种双释放制剂,其中所述核心配制有一种不可透过活性成分的外涂层,所述外涂层具有一种开口(其可以是被穿孔的)用于活性成分的释放。双释放制剂还可以将立即释放形式的药物与其它的脉冲释放形式的药物进行结合。例如,一种含有可侵蚀的插头的胶囊可以初步地释放药物,并且在预设的一段时间之后,以立即释放形式或缓释形式释放其余的药物。
在某些实施方案中,所使用的剂量形式可被提供用于针对这里所使用的一种或多种活性成分进行控制释放,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素,其它的聚合物基质、凝胶、可渗透的薄膜、渗透系统、多层包衣、为力、脂质体或微球,或者它们的组合,从而提供不同比例的期望的释放曲线。本领域技术人员已知的合适的控制释放制剂,包括这里所描述的那些,可被悬着作为本发明的药物组合物应用。因此,本发明涵盖了适用于口服施用的单个单位剂量形式,例如适合于控制释放的片剂、胶囊、软胶囊以及囊片。
多数控制释放制剂被设计成初始释放一种量的药物,其迅速残生所期望的治疗效果,并且逐步且继续地释放其它量的药物从而在一段延长的时间周期内维持所述水平的治疗效果。为了在体内维持这种恒定水平的药物,所述药物必须以一种速率从剂量形式中被释放,其将代替被身体代谢和排出的药物的量。
控制释放的活性成分可可被多种诱导剂刺激,例如,pH、温度、酶、浓度、或者其它生理条件或化合物。
本发明的药物制备的变成粉末并且是颗粒的制剂可以使用抑制的方法进行制备。这些制剂可被立即施用于受试者,应用于例如形成片剂,用于填充胶囊,或者用于通过向其中添加一种水载体或油载体制备一种水溶性或者油溶性的悬浮液或者溶液。这些制剂的每一个可进一步包括一种或多种分散剂、润湿剂、悬浮剂,以及防腐剂。其它的赋形剂,例如填充物、甜味剂、调味,或染料,也可以包含在这些制剂中。
适用于口服施用的本发明的药物组合物的制剂可被制备或者包装在一种离散固体剂量单元形式中,包括,但不限于,一种片剂、一种硬或软胶囊、一种扁囊剂、一种锭剂或者一种糖锭,每一种包含一种预设剂量的活性成分。在一个实施方案中,适用于口服施用的本发明的药物组合物的制剂可用一种肠溶衣进行包衣。
一种包含活性成分的片剂,例如可以通过压缩或模制所述活性成分进行制备,优选使用一种或多种其它成分。压缩片剂可以通过在合适的装置中压缩自由流动形式(例如粉末或者颗粒制剂)的活性成分进行制备,优选与一种或多种粘合剂、润滑剂、赋形剂、表面活性剂,以及分散剂。模制片剂可通过在合适的装置中模制活性成分、药学上可接受的载体以及至少足以润湿混合物的液体的混合物进行制备。在片剂制备中所使用的药学上可接受的赋形剂包括,但不限于,惰性稀释剂、粒化和分裂剂,虫胶粘合剂,以及润滑剂。已知的分散剂包括,但不限于,马铃薯淀粉和羟基乙酸淀粉钠。已知的表面活性剂包括,但不限于,十二烷基硫酸钠和泊洛沙姆。已知的稀释剂包括,但不限于,碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、微晶纤维素、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙,以及磷酸钠。已知的粒化和分裂剂包括,但不限于,玉米淀粉和海藻酸。已知的粘合剂包括,但不限于,明胶、阿拉伯胶、预糊化的玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、以及羰丙基甲基纤维素。已知的润滑剂包括,但不限于,硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、硅石,以及滑石。
片剂可以是未包覆的,或者它们可用已知的方法进行包覆从而在受试者的胃肠道中实现延迟分解,进而提供了活性成分的缓释释放和吸收。举例来说,一种材料例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯可被用于涂覆片剂。进一步,举例来说,片剂可使用U.S.Pat.Nos.4,256,108;4,160,452以及4,265,874的专利申请中所述的方法进行涂覆,从而形成渗透控制释放片剂,优选地用激光钻孔。片剂还可以进一步包含甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、防腐剂、或它们的组合,从而提供药学上高品质和可口的制剂。
含有活性成分的硬胶囊可使用一种生理学可降解的组合物(例如明胶或者HPMC)进行制备。所述硬胶囊包含活性成分,并且进一步包含其它的成分,所述其它成分包括,例如,惰性固体稀释剂比方说碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土。
包含活性成分的软胶囊可使用一种生理学可降解的组合物(例如明胶)进行制备。所述软胶囊包括活性成分,其可与水或者一种油介质(比方说花生油、液体石蜡、或橄榄油)进行混合。
如在本文中所使用的,“烷基”、“C1,C2,C3,C4,C5或C6烷基”或者“C1-C6烷基”指的是那些包括C1,C2,C3,C4,C5或C6直链(线型的)饱和的脂肪族烃基,以及C3,C4,C5或C6支链饱和的脂肪族烃基。例如,C1-C6烷基指的是包括C1,C2,C3,C4,C5和C6烷基基团。烷基的实例包括,具有1到6个碳原子的基团,例如,但不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、或正己基。
在某些实施方案中,一种直链或支链烷基具有6个或更少的碳原子(例如,直链为C1-C6,支链为C3-C6),并且在另一个实施方案中,一种直链或支链烷基具有4个或更少的碳原子。
如在本文中所使用的,“烷基连接基团”意指包括C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,或C6直链(线型的)饱和的脂肪族烃基基团,以及C3,C4,C5或C6支链饱和的脂肪族烃基。例如,C1-C6烷基连接基团意指包含C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,和C6烷基连接基团。烷基连接基团的实例包括,具有1个到6个碳原子的基团,例如,但不限于,甲基(-CH2-)、乙基(-CH2CH2-)、正丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)、异丙基(-CHCH3CH2-)、正丁基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2-)、仲丁基(-CHCH3CH2CH2-)、异丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2-)、正戊基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-)、仲戊基(-CHCH3CH2CH2CH2-)或者正己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-)。术语“取代的烷基连接基团”指的是在一个或多个碳氢主链上用取代基取代一个或多个氢原子的烷基连接基团。所述基团不会改变碳原子与它们所连接的sp3杂交,并且包括下述所列的“取代的烷基”。
“杂烷基”基团指的是烷基基团,如上述所定义的,其具有取代了一个或多个碳氢主链的碳原子的氧、氮、硫或磷原子。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“环烷基”、“C3,C4,C5,C6,C7或C8环烷基”或者“C3-C8环烷基”意指包含在其环结构中具有3个到8个碳原子的烃环。在一个实施方案中,一种环烷基基团在其结构中具有5个或者6个碳原子。
术语“取代的烷基”指的是具有取代基的烷基基团,所述取代基替换了在碳氢主链的一个或多个碳上的一个或多个氢原子。所述取代基可包括,例如,烷基、链烯基、炔基、卤素、羟基、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基、芳氧基羰氧基、羧酸酯、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、二烷基氨基羰基、烷硫基羰基、烷氧基、磷酸盐、膦酰氧基(phosphonato)、亚磷酸基(phosphinato)、氨基(包括烷氨基、二烷氨基、芳基氨基、二芳氨基,以及烷基芳基氨基)、酰氨基(包括烷基羰基氨基、芳基羰基氨基、氨基甲酰,以及脲基)、脒基(amidino)、亚氨基,氢硫基、烷硫基、芳硫基、硫代羧酸酯基(thiocarboxylate)、硫酸盐、烷基亚磺酰、磺酸、氨磺酰、亚磺酰氨基、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基,叠氮基、杂环基、烷基芳基,或者一种芳香或杂芳环基团。环烷基可以被进一步取代,例如,用如上所述的取代基。一种“烷基芳基”或者一种“芳烷基”基团指的是用芳基{例如苯基甲基(苄基)}取代的烷基。
除非另外明确指出碳的数量,“低级烷基”包括一种烷基基团,如上述所定义的,在其主链结构上具有1个到6个碳原子,或者在另一个实施方案中,在其主链结构上具有1个到4个碳原子。“低级烯基”和“低级炔基”具有例如2个到6个或者两个到4个碳原子的链长。
“芳基”包括具有芳香性包括“共轭的”,或者“多环”的基团,具有至少一个芳环的系统。示例包括苯基、苄基、萘基等。“杂芳基”基团是芳基基团,如上述所定义的,所述芳基基团在环结构中具有1个到4个杂原子,并且还可被称为“芳基杂环”或者“杂芳族化合物”。如在本文中所使用的,术语“杂芳基”意指包括稳定的5-、6-或者7-元单环或者7-、8-、9-、10-、11-或者12-元双环芳族杂环,其由碳原子和一个或多个杂原子构成,所例如,1或1-2或1-4或1-5或1-6个杂原子,其独立地选自由氮、氧和硫所组成的组中。所述氮原子可以是取代或未取代的(即,N或NR,其中R是H或者其它取代基,如上述定义)所述氮和硫杂原子可选择地是被氧化的(即,N→O和S(O)p,其中p=1或2)。需要注意的是在杂芳基中的S和O原子的总个数不超过1。
杂芳基基团的实例包括吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、噻唑、异噻唑、咪唑、三唑、四唑、吡唑、恶唑、异恶唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶、以及类似物。
如在本文中所使用的,“Ph”指的是苯基,并且“Py”指的是吡啶基。
此外,术语“芳基”和“杂芳基”包括多环芳基和杂芳基基团,例如三环,二环,例如萘、苯并恶唑、苯并二恶唑、苯并噻唑、苯并咪唑、苯并噻吩、亚甲、喹啉、异喹啉、萘啶(naphthrydine)、吲哚、苯并呋喃、嘌呤、苯并呋喃、脱氮嘌呤或吲哚嗪。
在多环芳族环的情况中,这些环只有其中一种需要是芳香的(例如2,3-二氢吲哚),尽管所有的环都可以是芳香的(例如,喹啉)。第二个环还可以是稠和的或者桥接的。
所述芳基或杂芳基芳族环可以在一个或多个环位置上被如上文所述的取代基进行取代,例如,烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、羟基、烷氧基、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基、芳氧基羰氧基、羧基、烷基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳烷基氨基羰基、烯基氨基羰基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、芳烷基羰基、烯基羰基、烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、烷基硫代羰、磷酸酯、膦酸根、次膦酸根、氨基(包括烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、二芳基和烷基芳香基氨基)、酰氨基(包括烷基羰基氨基,芳基羰基氨基、氨基甲酰基,和脲基)、脒基(amidino)、亚氨基、巯基、烷硫基、芳硫基、硫代羧酸酯、硫酸酯、烷基亚硫酰基、磺酸根、氨磺酰基,磺酰氨基,硝基,三氟甲基,氰基,叠氮基,杂环基,烷基芳香基,或芳族的或杂芳族的基团。芳基基团也可以与脂环或杂环稠合或桥连,其不是芳香族的因而形成一种多环系统(例如,四氢化萘、亚甲基二氧基苯基)。
如在本文中所使用的,“碳环”或者“碳环的环”意指包括具有特定数量的碳的任何稳定的单环、双环或者三环,其中任何一个可以是饱和的、未饱和的或者芳香的。例如,一种C3-C14碳环意指包括一种具有3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13或14个碳原子的单环、双环或者三环。碳环的实例包括,但不限于,环丙基、环丁基、环丁烯基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环庚烯基、环庚基、环庚烯基、金刚烷基、环辛基、环辛烯、环辛二烯基、芴基、苯基、萘基,茚满基、金刚烷基和四氢萘基。桥接的环也包括在碳环的定义中,包括,例如,[3.3.0]双环辛烷、[4.3.0]双环壬烷、[4.4.0]双环癸烷以及[2.2.2]双环辛烷。当一个或一个以上的碳原子连接两个不相邻碳原子时形成一种桥接的环。在一个实施方案中,桥接环是一个或两个碳原子。应注意的是,一种桥键通常可将单环转换为三环。当一种环被桥键连接时,所列举的所述环的取代基也可出现在所述桥键上。也包括稠环(例如萘基、四氢萘基)和螺环。
如在本文中所使用的,“杂环”包括任意的环结果(饱和或部分不饱和的),其包含至少一个环杂原子(例如,N、O或S)。杂环是实例包括,但不限于,吗啉,吡咯烷,四氢噻吩,哌啶,哌嗪,和四氢呋喃。
杂环基团的实例包括,但不限于,丫啶基、胍基(azocinyl)、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并硫代呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并恶唑基、苯并恶唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、苯并三唑基(benztriazolyl)、苯并四唑基(benztetrazolyl)、苯并异恶唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、咔唑基、4aH-咔唑基、咔啉基、苯并二氢吡喃基、色烯基、噌啉基、十氢喹啉基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、二氢呋喃[2,3-b]四氢呋喃、呋喃基、呋咱基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑基、1H-吲哚基、亚吲哚基、二氢吲哚基、吲嗪基、吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、靛红酰基、异苯并呋喃基、异苯并二氢吡喃基、异吲哚基、异二氢氮杂茚基、异吲哚基、异喹啉基、异噻唑基、异恶唑基、亚甲二氧基苯基、吗啉基、二氮杂萘基、八氢异喹啉基、二唑基、1,2,3-二唑基、1,2,4-二唑基、1,2,5-二唑基、1,3,4-二唑基、1,2,4-二唑5(4H)-酮、恶唑烷基、恶唑基、羟吲哚基、嘧啶基、菲啶基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁噻嗯基(Phenoxathinyl)、吩嗪基、二氮杂萘基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、哌啶酮基、4-哌啶酮基、胡椒基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶并恶唑基、吡啶并咪唑基、吡啶并噻唑基、吡啶基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、4H-喹嗪基、喹喔啉基、奎宁环基、四氢呋喃基、四氢异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、四唑基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、噻蒽基、噻唑基、噻吩基、噻吩并噻唑基、噻吩并恶唑基、噻吩并咪唑基、噻吩基、三嗪基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,5-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、以及吨基。
如在这里所使用的,术语“取代的”指的是在指定的原子上的任意一个或多个氢原子被选自指定基团的基团所替换,条件是没有超出所指定原子的正常化合价,并且所述取代能产生稳定的化合物。当取代基为酮基(即,=O)时,那么所述原子上的2个氢被置换。酮基取代基不会出现在芳香族部分。在这里所使用的环双键是在两个相邻的环原子之间形成的双键(例如,C=C,C=N或N=N)。“稳定的化合物”和“稳定的结构”意指足以稳定地经受从反应混合物中分离至有用纯度,并且可配制成有效治疗制剂的化合物。
如在这里所使用的,术语“酰基”包括那些含有酰基自由基(--C(O)--)或者羰基基团的部分。“取代的酰基”包括其中一种酰基基团,其中一个或多个氢原子被例如烷基、炔基、卤素、羟基、烷基羰氧基、芳基羰氧基、烷氧基羰氧基、芳氧基羰基氧基、羧酸、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、二烷基氨基羰基、烷硫基羰基、烷氧基、磷酸、膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、氨基(包括烷基氨基,二烷基氨基,芳基氨基,二芳基氨基和烷基芳基氨基)、酰氨基(包括烷基羰基氨基,芳基羰基氨基、氨基甲酰基和脲基)、脒基、亚氨基、巯基、烷硫基、芳硫基、硫代羧酸酯、硫酸酯、烷基亚硫酰基、磺酸盐、氨磺酰基、磺酰氨基、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、叠氮基、杂环基、烷基芳基、或芳香基或杂芳香基部分。
本公开在这里的描述应该理解为与化学键合的规律和规则相一致。例如,可能必须去除氢原子从而调节在任意给定位置上的取代基。进一步的,可以理解的时变量(即,“R基团”)的定义,以及本发明通式(例如,式I、Ia、Ib、II、III、和IV)的键位置与本领域已知的化学键的规则相一致。也能够理解的是,本发明在上文中所描述的所有化合物都进一步包括在相邻原子和/或氢原子之间的键,根据需要满足每个原子的化合价。也就是说,键和/或氢原子被添加,从而为瞎说类型的原子中的每一个提供下列数目的总键数:碳:四个键;氮:三个键;氧:两个键;以及硫:2-6个键。
正如在这里所使用的,一种“所需要的受试者”指的是具有一种神经疾病的受试者。在一个实施方案中,所需要的受试者具有多发性硬化症。一种“受试者”包括哺乳动物。所述哺乳动物可以是,例如,任何哺乳动物,例如,人、灵长类动物、鸟、小鼠(mouse)、大鼠(rat)、鸡、狗、猫、牛、马、山羊、骆驼、羊或猪。在一个实施方案种,所述哺乳动物是人。
本发明提供了用于在本文中所述的每一个通式化合物的合成方法。本发明还提供了根据下述方案和在实施例中所示的用于本发明多种公开的化合物的合成的详细方法。
具体在说明书中,当组合物如所描述的具有,包含或包括具体的成分,可以预期的是组合物也基本上由所列举的成分构成,或者由所列举的成分构成。类似的,当所述方法或过程被描述具有、包含、或者包括具体过程步骤,所述过程还可基本上由所列举的过程步骤组成,或者是由所列举的过程步骤组成。进一步,应当理解的是,步骤顺序或用于执行特定动作的顺序是无关紧要的,只要本发明可进行即可。此外,两个或多个步骤或操作可同时进行。
本发明的合成方法可耐受大多数种类的官能基团;因而可以使用多种取代的起始材料。所述方法通常在或整个过程结束或者接近结束时提供所期望的最终化合物,虽然可以期望在某些情况下可进一步及那个化合物转化为其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、水合物、溶剂化物或者共晶物。
本发明的化合物可通过不论是使用本领域技术人员已知的或者是根据此处的教导对于本领域技术人员显而易见的标准的合成方法和步骤使用商用的起始材料、文献中已知的化合物、或者通过容易制备中间体以多种方式进行制备。用于制备有机分子和官能基团转化和操作的标准合成方法和过程可以从相关的科学文献或者从本领域的标准教科书种获得。虽然不限于任何一种或几种来源,经典的公开文本例如Smith,M.B.,March,J.,March′s Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,5thedition,John Wiley&Sons:New York,2001;以及Greene,T.W.,Wuts,P.G. M.,ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis,3rd edition,John Wiley&Sons:New York,1999,其已全部通过引用并入本文,是本领域技术人员所公认的在有机合成中有用和认可的参考教科书。下面描述的合成方法是为举例说明而不是限制制备本发明的化合物的一般程序而设计的。
本发明的化合物通过本领域技术人员熟知的多种方法可以方便地制备。可以用市售的起始原料或利用文献方法制备的起始原料来制备本发明的化合物。这些流程显示了本发明代表性的化合物的制备方法。
实施方案
一般程序1
将在DMF(25ml每克MMF)中富马酸单甲酯(MMF)(1.0当量)和HBTU(1.5当量)添加到Hünigs碱(2.0当量)中。在添加乙醇之前(1.0-1.5当量),搅拌10分钟所述深棕色溶液,从而变为一种棕色悬浮液。室温下搅拌18个小时所述反应物。添加水,并且将产品在乙酸乙酯种萃取三次。将合并的有机层用水清洗三次,用硫酸每进行干燥,过滤并且在45℃下真空浓缩从而得到粗产物。通过硅胶色谱法纯化所述粗产物,并且在某些情况下进一步通过与二乙醚研磨进行纯化,从而提供了干净的期望的酯产品。所有的乙醇是通过商业购买或者是通过下述已知文献获得的。
作为HBTU(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)脲六氟磷酸酯)的替换,可以使用下述偶联剂的任意其中之一:EDCI/HOBt(N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺/羟基苯并三氮唑);COMU(1-氰基-2-乙氧基-2-氧代亚乙基氨基氧基)二甲基氨基-吗啉-碳鎓六氟磷酸酯);TBTU(O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯);TATU(O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯);Oxyma(乙基(肟基)氰乙酸酯);PyBOP(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-氧基三(吡咯烷并)磷);HOTT(S-(1-氧代-2-吡啶基)-N,N,N′,N′-硫脲六氟膦酸酯);FDPP(五氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯);T3P(正丙基膦酸酐);DMTMM(4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5,-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉盐酸盐水合物);PyOxim(氰基(羟基亚氨基)醋酸乙酯基-O2]三-1-吡咯烷基鏻六氟磷酸酯);TSTU(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸酯);TDBTU(O-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3-基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯);TPTU(O-(2-氧代-1(2H)吡啶基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯);TOTU(O-[(乙氧基羰)氰甲基氨基]-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯);IIDQ(异丁基1,2-二氢-2异丁氧基-1-喹啉甲酸酯);或者PyCIU(氯吡咯烷基亚甲基吡咯烷六氟磷酸酯)。
作为Hünig碱(二异丙基乙胺)的替换,可以使用下述胺碱的任意其中之一:三乙胺;三丁胺;三苯胺;吡啶;二甲基吡啶(2,6-二甲基吡啶);三甲吡啶(2,4,6-三甲基吡啶);咪唑;DMAP(4-(二甲氨基)吡啶);DABCO(1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷);DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯);DBN(1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯;或者质子(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,8-萘二胺)。
一般程序2-酯产品到盐酸盐的转化
将在二乙醚(25ml每克)中的酯产品的混合物添加到在二乙醚(1.5当量)2M HCl中。在室温下搅拌混合物两个小时。将溶剂倒入其它容器中,添加更多的二乙醚并再次将溶剂倒入到其它容器中。然后在45℃下真空浓缩剩下的混合物,并且进一步在真空干燥箱中在55℃下干燥18个小时,从而得到固体HCl盐。
一般程序3
在20℃下,将含有新鲜制备的单甲基富马酰氯(4.9g,33mmol)的11mL的MTBE溶液添加到装有磁力搅拌器和氮气入口/出口的100mL单颈圆底烧瓶中,并且另外向烧瓶中添加50mL的MTBE。通过冰水浴将所得到的黄色溶液冷却到<20℃。然后,通过注射器在大约10分钟内逐滴添加乙醇(33mmol,1eq)。在<20℃下搅拌反应混合物10分钟,并且再次之后移去冷却浴,并且使反应物加热至20℃并且在20℃的温度下搅拌16个小时。在室温下搅拌16个小时之后,通过TLC分析反应完全。将反应混合物通过中等多孔玻璃漏斗过滤,收集灰白色固体。在真空干燥箱中,在25℃过夜干燥所述固体,从而得到为HCl盐的最终产物。所有的乙醇是通过商业购买或者是通过下述已知文献获得的。
一般程序4-用适当的烷基磺酸进行烷基化
将在乙腈(50ml每克的MMF)中的单甲基富马酸酯(MMF)(1.3当量)、烷基甲磺酸(1当量)和碳酸钾(1.5当量)的混合物回流加热过夜。所述混合物在乙酸乙酯和饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液中进行分相,并且干燥所述有机相(MgSO4)。在减压下过滤病去除溶剂,得到粗产物,将在任何情况下的所述粗产物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化。
一般程序5-用适当的烷基氯进行烷基化
将在乙腈(50ml每克的MMF)或者二甲基甲酰胺(50ml每克的MMF)中的单甲基富马酸酯(MMF)(1.3当量)、烷基氯(1当量)和碳酸钾(1.5当量)的混合物在20℃到65℃下加热过夜。所述混合物在乙酸乙酯和饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液中进行分相,并且干燥所述有机相(MgSO4)。在减压下过滤病去除溶剂,得到粗产物,进一步将所述粗产物通过硅胶色谱法进行纯化。
化学分析/程序
通过本领域所公知的标准技术使用Varian 400MHz NMR光谱仪得到这里所所述的NMR谱。
实施例
实施例1
(E)-2,2′-((2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧 代丁-2-烯酰基)氧基)乙基)脲二基)乙酰乙酸 盐酸盐(1)
将在二恶烷(25ml)中的2-(双(2-(叔丁氧基)-2-氧代乙基)氨基)乙甲酯富马酸酯(2.52g,6.2mmol)添加到在二恶烷(30ml)中的2M HCl中,并且搅拌90个小时所述混合物。过滤沉淀物,用二乙醚进行清洗,并且在真空干燥箱中在55℃下进行干燥18个小时,从而得到(E)-2,2′-((2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰基)氧基)乙基)脲二基)乙酰乙酸盐酸盐,一种白色固体(1.31g,65%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD):δ6.87(2H,dd,J=16.1Hz);4.46-4.53(2H,m);4.09(4H,s);3.79(3H,s);3.57-3.63(2H,m).[M+H]+=290.12.
甲基(2-(甲基(2-(甲磺酰)乙基)氨基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(2)
甲基(2-(N-甲基甲磺酰)乙基)富马酸酯2通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:甲基(2-(甲基(2-(甲磺酰)乙基)氨基)乙基)富马酸酯盐酸盐(程序2)(1.39g,95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ11.51(1H,m);6.83(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);4.48(1H,bs);3.24-3.90(7H,m);3.07(3H,s);2.78(2H,bs).[M+H]+=294.09.
2-(二甲氨基)丙甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(3)
2-(二甲氨基)丙甲基富马酸酯3通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:2-(二甲氨基)丙甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(程序2)(329mg,92%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.40(1H,bs);6.86(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);4.25-4.46(2H,m);3.71(3H,s);3.34(1H,s);2.69(6H,s);1.24(3H,s).[M+H]+=216.14.
(E)-2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰)氧)-N,N,N-三甲基乙酰胆碱 碘化物(4)
将在二乙醚(20ml)中的2-(二甲氨基)乙甲基富马酸酯19(760mg,3.7mmol)添加到碘甲烷(246μl,3.9mmol)中。在室温下搅拌所述混合物18个小时,其中慢慢形成沉淀。过滤所述混合物,并且用二乙醚进行清洗,并且在真空干燥箱中在55℃下干燥18个小时,从而得到(E)-2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰)氧)-N,N,N-三甲基乙酰胆碱碘化物,一种白色固体(1.15g,90%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ6.80(2H,dd,J=16.1Hz);4.56(2H,bs);3.66-3.75(5H,m);3.11(9H,s).[M+H]+=216.14。
2-(4,4-二氟哌啶-1-基)乙甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(5)
2-(4,4-二氟哌啶-1-基)乙甲基富马酸酯5通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:2-(4,4-二氟哌啶-1-基)乙甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(过程2)(780mg,87%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ11.25(1H,bs);6.84(2H,dd,J=16.1Hz);4.50(2H,bs);3.35-4.00(8H,m);3.05-3.30(2H,m);2.20-2.45(3H,s).[M+H]+=278.16。
1-(二甲氨基)丙-2-基 甲基 富马酸酯 盐酸盐(6)
1-(二甲氨基)丙-2-基 甲基 富马酸酯6通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:1-(二甲氨基)丙-2-基 甲基 富马酸酯 盐酸盐(过程2)(690mg,72%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.41(1H,bs);6.80(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);5.18-5.33(1H,m);3.20-3.55(2H,m);3.72(3H,s);2.60-2.80(7H,m);1.18-1.28(3H,m).[M+H]+=216.14。
甲基(2-硫代吗啉乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(7)
甲基(2-硫代吗啉乙基)富马酸酯7通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:甲基(2-硫代吗啉乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(过程2)(623mg,93%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ11.03(1H,bs);6.83(2H,dd,J=15.6Hz);4.50(2H,s);3.00-3.80(11H,m);2.70-2.80(2H,m).[M+H]+=216.14.[M+H]+=260.11.
甲基(2-(苯氨基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(8)
甲基(2-(苯氨基)乙基)富马酸酯8通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:甲基(2-(苯氨基)乙基)富马酸酯盐酸盐(过程2)(1.80g,定量的)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ6.50-6.80(9H,m);4.29(2H,t,4.4Hz);3.72(3H,s);3.45(2H,t,J=4.5Hz).[M+H]+=250.13.
2-(二甲氨基)-2-甲基丙 甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(9)
2-(二甲氨基)-2-甲基丙甲基富马酸酯9通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:2-(二甲氨基)-2-甲基丙 甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(过程2)(883mg,76%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.20(1H,bs);6.91(2H,dd,J=15.6Hz);4.29(2H,s);3.73(3H,s);2.57-2.80(6H,m);1.32(6H,s).[M+H]+=230.16.
甲基(2-(甲磺酰)乙基)富马酸酯(10)
甲基(2-(甲磺酰)乙基)富马酸酯10通过一般程序1进行合成,并且(1.01g,37%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.88(2H,dd,J=16.0Hz);4.66(2H,t,J=5.8Hz);3.82(3H,s);3.38(2H,t,J=6.0Hz);2.99(3H,s).[M+H]+=236.97.
2-(1,1-二氧硫代吗啉基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(11)
2-(1,1-二氧硫代吗啉基)乙基甲基富马酸酯11通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:2-(1,1-二氧硫代吗啉基)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(过程2)(1.33g,87%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ6.79(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);4.34(2H,bs);3.72(4H,s);2.90-3.70(11H,m).[M+H]+=292.11.
甲基(2-(甲基(苯基)氨基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(12)
甲基(2-(甲基(苯基)氨基)乙基)富马酸酯12通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:甲基(2-(甲基(苯基)氨基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(过程2)(1.76g,97%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ6.72-7.40(5H,m);6.64(2H,dd,J=16.0Hz);4.27(2H,s);3.70(5H,s);2.97(3H,s).[M+H]+=264.14.
2-(苄基(甲基)氨基)乙基 甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(13)
2-(苄基(甲基)氨基)乙基 甲基富马酸酯13通过一般程序1进行合成,并且被转化为HCl盐:2-(苄基(甲基)氨基)乙基 甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(过程2)(2.70g,96%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ10.65(1H,bs);7.39-7.60(5H,m);6.82(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);4.20-4.60(4H,m);3.73(3H,s);3.27-3.50(2H,m);2.69(3H,s).[M+H]+=278.16.
2-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(14)
2-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯通过一般程序1进行合成(1.03g,35%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ6.81(2H,dd,J=15.8Hz);4.36(2H,t,J=5.3Hz);3.84(2H,t,J=5.1Hz);3.80(3H,s);2.73(4H,s).[M+H]+=256.07.
甲基(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(15)
甲基(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐15通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.76(s,1H),6.94-6.77(m,2H),4.58-4.51(m,2H),3.76(s,3H),3.48-3.36(m,4H),2.94(dddd,J=15.9,12.1,9.2,4.4Hz,2H),1.91-1.64(m,5H),1.37(dtt,J=16.4,11.3,4.9Hz,1H).[M+H]+=241.93.
甲基(2-吗啉代乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(16)
甲基(2-吗啉代乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐16通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.36(s,1H),6.92(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.60-4.52(m,2H),4.00-3.77(m,6H),3.76(s,3H),3.22-3.04(m,4H).[M+H]+=244.00.
2-(1,4-二氧-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)乙基甲基 富马酸酯 盐酸盐(17)
2-(1,4-二氧-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)乙基甲基 富马酸酯 盐酸盐17通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.26(s,1H),6.91(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.58-4.51(m,2H),3.93(s,4H),3.76(s,3H),3.57-3.43(m,4H),3.22-3.03(m,2H),2.20-2.02(m,2H),1.89-1.79(m,2H).[M+H]+=300.00.
甲基(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐(18)
甲基(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯 盐酸盐18通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.12(s,1H),6.94(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.53-4.46(m,2H),3.76(s,3H),3.61-3.45(m,4H),3.11-2.94(m,2H),2.06-1.79(m,4H).[M+H]+=228.46.
2-(二甲氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(19)
2-(二甲氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐19通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.87(s,1H),6.93(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),6.80(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.53-4.45(m,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.44-3.38(m,2H),2.77(s,5H).[M+H]+=201.84.
2-(二乙氨基))乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(20)
2-(二乙氨基))乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐20通过一般程序3进行合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.85(s,1H),6.90(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),4.56-4.48(m,2H),3.76(s,3H),3.48-3.38(m,2H),3.15(qq,J=9.7,5.5,4.9Hz,4H),1.24(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).[M+H]+=230.59.
2-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(21)
2-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯21根据一般程序1通过2-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)乙醇进行制备。
2-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯通过一般步骤2被转化为2-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(0.55g,69%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);δ6.79(2H,d);4.20-4.39(2H,m),3.81(2H,t),3.66(3H,s),3.53-3.65(4H,m),2.54(2H,sep).m/z[M+H]+=264.14.
2-(二(2-甲氧乙基)氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(24)
2-(二(2-甲氧乙基)氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯24根据一般程序1通过2-(二(2-甲氧乙基)氨基)乙醇进行制备。
2-(二(2-甲氧乙基)氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯通过一般程序2被转化为2-(二(2-甲氧乙基)氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 盐酸盐(1.00g,27%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);δ12.84(1H,br s),6.90(2H,d),4.73(2H,t),3.92(4H,t),3.81(3H,s),3.62(2H,br s),3.51-3.36(4H,m),3.34(6H,s).m/z[M+H]+=290.12.
2-(2,4-二氧-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(22)
将3-氧杂二环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮(1.0g,8.9mmol)和乙醇胺(545mg,8.9mmol)在200℃下加热2个小时。通过硅胶色谱分析法(EtOAc)纯化所述粗反应混合物,得到3-(2-羟乙基)-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮(1.06g,77%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ3.71(2H,t),3.56(2H,t),2.51(2H,dd),1.95(1H,br s),1.59-1.43(2H,m).
由3-(2-羟乙基)-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,4-二酮通过一般步骤1合成2-(2,4-二氧-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯22(452mg,53%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ6.81(2H,d),4.28(2H,t),3.80(3H,s),3.69(2H,t),2.48(2H,dd),1.59-1.49(1H,m),1.44-1.38(1H,m).m/z[M+H]+=268.11.
2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(24)
将丙烯酸叔丁酯(19.7mL,134.8mmol)在10分钟内逐滴添加到在乙醇(50mL)中的2-硝基丙烷和Triton B(在甲醇中为40%)(440μL)的回流溶液中。加热所述反应物回流过夜。在减压条件下去除反应溶剂,得到一种粗残留物,将所述粗残留物溶解到乙醇(200mL)中,并且用雷尼镍氢(大约15g)化过夜。通过硅藻土过滤所述反应。在减压条件下去除溶剂,得到叔丁基-4-氨基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯(15.82g,63%产率)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ2.26(2H,t),1.65(2H,t),1.43(9H,s),1.68(6H,s).
将在甲醇(100mL)中的叔丁基-4-氨基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯(3.0g,16.04mmol)添加到氯乙醛(45%in H2O)(6.7mL,38.4mmol)中,其次是乙酸(2mL,35.0mmol)。1.5个小时后,添加氰基硼氢化钠(1.51g,24.0mmol),并且在室温下搅拌所述混合物3个小时。所述反应物在饱和的碳酸氢钠(100mL)和二氯甲烷(300mL)中进行分相。干燥(MgSO4)所述有机相。减压条件下过滤病去除溶剂,得到叔丁基4-((2-氯乙基)氨基)-4-甲基戊酸乙酯(3.90g,98%产率).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ3.63(2H,t),2.85(2H,t),2.24(2H,t),1.67(2H,t),1,44(9H,s),1.07(6H,s).
将在二氯甲烷(80mL)中的叔丁基4-((2-氯乙基)氨基)-4-甲基戊酸乙酯(3.9g,15.7mmol)和三氟乙酸(27mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。在减压的条件下浓缩所述反应混合物。将残留物溶解到其它的二氯甲烷中,并且再次进行浓缩。上述步骤克再次重复3次,直到大部分的过量三氟乙酸都已经被除去。将残留物溶解到二氯甲烷(500mL)和N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(4.61g,24.1mmol)中,并且添加羟基苯并三唑水合物(3.25g,24.1mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(21mL,120mmol)。在室温下搅拌所述混合物过夜。用水(300mL)清洗反应物,并且进行干燥(MgSO4)。在减压条件下过滤并去除溶剂,得到粗残留物,将所述粗残留物通过硅胶色谱分析法(庚烷/乙酸乙酯)进行纯化,从而得到1-(2-氯乙基)-5,5-二甲基吡咯烷-2-酮(1.24g,44%产率)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ3.61(2H,t),3.41(2H,t),2.38(2H,t),1.88(2H,t),1.24(6H,s).
由1-(2-氯乙基)-5,5-二甲基吡咯烷-2-酮通过一般过程5合成2-(2,2-二甲基-5-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯24(1.02g,41%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.85(2H,d),4.33(2H,t),3.80(3H,s),3.41(2H,t),2.39(2H,t),1.88(2H,t),1.23(6H,s).m/z[M+H]+=270.17.
(E)-4-(2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰)氧基)乙基)吗啉4-氧化物(26)
将在二氯甲烷中的甲基(2-吗啉代乙基)富马酸酯(1.1g,4.5mmol)溶液[根据一般过程5由4-(2-氯乙基)吗啉进行合成的]添加到m-氯过苯甲酸(1.87g,5.4mmol))在,并且搅拌所述反应混合物1个小时。所述反应混合物用水(25mL)进行稀释,并且用二氯甲烷(3x50mL)进行清洗。冻干水相,得到(E)-4-(2-((4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰)氧基)乙基)吗啉4-氧化物26(0.19g,16%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.87(1H,d),6.81(1H,d),4.92-4.88(2H,M),4.44(2H,t),3.78-3.73(2H,m),3.54-3.48(2H,m),3.34(2H,t),3.15(2H,d).m/z[M+H]+=260.2
2-(3,5-二氧代吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯(27)
将在吡啶(10mL)中的二甘醇酸酐(2.0g,17mmol)添加到乙醇胺(2.1g,34mmol)中,并且加热回流2个小时。在真空内去除挥发成分,并且在180℃下加热残留物2个小时,人后在220℃下加热90分钟。冷却所述反应混合物,并且将残留物在硅胶上纯化用二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(4∶1)进行洗脱,得到4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-3,5-二酮(1.05g,38%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);4.39(4H,s),4.02(2H,t),3.80(2H,t).
根据一般过程1,由4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-3,5-二酮合成2-(3,5-二氧代吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯27(0.82g,96%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.83(1H,d),6.75(1H,d),4.39-4.43(6H,m),4.12(2H,t),3.79(3H,s).
2-(2,2-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(28)
将在二氯甲烷(35mL)中的2,2-二甲基吗啉(1.0g,8.7mmol)溶液添加到氯乙醛(50%的水溶液,1.65mL,13.0mmol)中,然后添加三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(2.8g,13.0mmol)。所述翻译官你物搅拌90分钟,用1M氢氧化钠水溶液(40mL)进行稀释,并且分离有机相。用二氯甲烷(2x 30mL)萃取水相,并且与有机相进行合并。在用MgSO4进行干燥后,在真空内去除挥发成分,得4-(2-基吗啉(1.45g,94%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);3.73(2H,dd),3.55(2H,t),2.64(2H,t),2.43(2H,dd),2.25(2H,s),1.24(6H,s).
通过一般过程5,由4-(2-氯乙基)-2,2-二甲基吗啉合成2-(2,2-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯28(0.71g,93%)。
通过一般过程2,将4-(2-氯乙基)-2,2-二甲基吗啉转化为4-(2-氯乙基)-2,2-二甲基吗啉盐酸(0.69g,87%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.85(1H,d),6.77(1H,d),4.52-4.47(2H,m),3.93-3.85(2H,m),3.70(3H,s),3.48-3.43(2H,m),3.32-3.00(4H,m),1.24(6H,s).m/z[M+H]+=272.2
2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(29)
将在二氯甲烷(40mL)中的2,6-二甲基吗啉(1.0g,9.0mmol)溶液添加到氯乙醛(50%的水溶液,1.02mL,13.5mmol)和乙酸(0.75mL,13.5mmol)中,随后添加三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(2.8g,13.5mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌4个小时,并且用二氯甲烷(20mL)进行稀释,并且用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(30mL)进行清洗。分离有机相,用MgSO4进行干燥,并且在真空中去除挥发成分。进一步将通过硅胶色谱分析法提纯残留物,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶1)进行洗脱,得到4-(2-氯乙基)-2,6-二甲基吗啉(0.44g,30%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);3.75-3.62(2H,m),3.58(2H,t),2.65-2.79(4H,m),1.83(2H,t),1.15(6H,d).
通过一般过程5,由4-(2-氯乙基)-2,6-二甲基吗啉合成2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯29(0.54g,71%)。
通过一般过程2,将2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯转化为2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(0.19g,64%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.83(1H,d),6.75(1H,d),4.47-4.43(2H,m),3.93-3.82(2H,m),3.67(3H,s),3.46-3.40(2H,m),2.72(2H,t),1.10(6H,d).m/z[M+H]+=272.2
甲基(2-(3-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯(30)
将叔丁醇钾(5.9g,52.3mmol)和甲苯(50mL)的混合物在75℃下加热30分钟,然后添加二乙醇胺(5.0g,47.6mmol)。进一步加热反应混合物30分钟,然后添加氯乙酸甲酯(4.4mL,50.0mmol)。在进一步加热2个小时之后,用甲醇(21mL)稀释反应物,并且冷却至室温。过滤所述反应混合物,并且用甲苯进行洗涤,并蒸发母液。进一步通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化所述残留物,得到4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-3-酮(0.65g,9%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);4.19(2H,s),3.89(2H,t),3.81(2H,t),3.57(2H,t),3.48(2H,t),2.89(1H,s).
通过一般过程1,由4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-3-酮合成甲基(2-(3-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯30(0.71g,62%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);6.72(2H,s),4.28(2H,t),3.98(2H,s),3.77(2H,t),3.71(3H,t),3.59(2H,t),3.38(2H,t).m/z[M+H]+=258.1
甲基(2-(2-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯盐酸盐(31)
通过一般过程1,由4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-2-酮合成甲基(2-(2-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯31(0.53g,34%)。
通过一般过程2,将甲基(2-(2-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯转化为甲基(2-(2-氧代吗啉)乙基)富马酸酯盐酸盐(0.20g,34%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);3.75(2H,s),4.29-4.23(4H,m),3.71(3H,s),3.34(2H,s),2.73(2H,t),2.68(2H,t).m/z[M+H]+=258.15
2-(8-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(32)
根据一般过程5,由3-(2-氯乙基)-8-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷合成2-(8-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯32(0.25g,50%。
通过一般过程2,将2-(8-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯转化为2-(8-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(0.20g,73%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O);6.82(1H,d),6.75(1H,d),4.52-4.42(4H,m),3.69(3H,s),3.45-3.37(4H,m),3.26-3.19(2H,m),2.10-1.85(4H,m).m/z[M+H]+=270.0
2-(2-((二甲氨基)甲基)吗啉代)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(33)
通过一般过程5,由1-(4-(2-氯乙基)吗啉-2-基)-N,N-二甲基甲胺合成2-(2-((二甲氨基)甲基)吗啉代)乙基甲基富马酸酯33(0.17g,16%)。
通过一般过程2,将2-(2-((二甲氨基)甲基)吗啉代)乙基甲基富马酸酯转化为2-(2-((二甲氨基)甲基)吗啉代)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(0.17g,95%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O);6.84(1H,d),6.77(1H,d),4.50-4.45(2H,m),4.21-4.06(2H,m),3.87-3.77(1H,m),3.68(3H,s),3.56-3.47(2H,m),3.25-3.09(3H,m),2.94(1H,dd),2.81(6H,bs).m/z[M+H]+=301.2
2-((3S,5S)-3,5-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(34)
通过一般过程5,由(3S,5S)-4-(2-氯乙基)-3,5-二甲基吗啉合成2-((3S,5S)-3,5-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯34(0.11g,25%)。
通过一般过程2,将2-((3S,5S)-3,5-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯转化为2-((3S,5S)-3,5-二甲基吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯盐酸盐(0.08g,68%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O);7.15-7.00(2H,m),4.77-4.70(2H,m),4.20-4.08(2H,m),4.01-3.85(8H,m),3.68-3.58(1H,m).m/z[M+H]+=272.3
2-(2,5-二氧代吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯(35)
通过一般过程1,由4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉-2,5-二酮合成2-(2,5-二氧代吗啉)乙基甲基富马酸酯35(0.27g,65%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);6.75(1H,d),6.71(1H,d),4.72(2H,s),4.30(2H,s),4.26(2H,t),3.72(3H,s),3.60(2H,t).m/z[M+H]+=272.2
(E)-甲基3-(4-甲基-2,5,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-基)丙烯酸酯(130)
通过一般过程1,由3-甲基-3-氧杂环丁烷甲醇合成甲基((3-甲基氧杂环丁烷-3-基)甲基)富马酸酯(0.86g,89%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.88(2H,s),4.52(2H,d),4.40(2H,d),4.30(2H,s),3.82(3H,s),1.35(3H,s).
在5℃下,将在二氯甲烷(5mL)中的甲基((3-甲基氧杂环丁烷-3-基)甲基)富马酸酯130(0.20g,0.93mmol)溶液添加到乙醚合三氟化硼(0.058mL,0.47mmol)中。在1个小时后,进一步添加另一部分乙醚合三氟化硼(0.058mL,0.47mmol),并且在一个小时内将反应混合物加热到20℃。将反应混合物添加到三乙胺(0.13mL,0.93mmol)中,并且然后将其直接装载到硅胶柱上。用含有三乙胺(2.5%v/v)的庚烷/乙酸乙酯(6∶4)洗脱所期望的产物,得到(E)-甲基3-(4-甲基-2,5,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-基)丙烯酸酯(0.12g,60%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.66(1H,d),6.25(1H,d),3.97(6H,s),3.73(3H,s),0.84(3H,s).m/z[M+H]+=215.2
甲基丙-2-炔-1-基富马酸酯(131)
通过一般过程1,由丙炔醇合成甲基丙-2-炔-1-基富马酸酯131(0.51g,68%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO);6.85-6.70(2H,m),4.81(2H,d),3.72(3H,s),3.60(1H,t).
2-(1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(36)
通过一般过程1,由2-(2-羟乙基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮合成2-(1,3-二氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯36(0.63g,79%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD);7.87-7.77(4H,m),6.74-6.73(2H,m),4.45-4.40(2H,m),4.01-3.96(2H,m),3.76(3H,s).m/z[M+H]+=304.1
4-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)丁基甲基富马酸酯(132)
通过一般过程1,由1-(4-羟丁基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮合成4-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)丁基甲基富马酸酯132(0.77g,79%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD);6.81-6.79(2H,m),4.20(2H,t),3.78(3H,s),3.50(2H,t),2.67(4H,s),1.71-1.62(4H,m).m/z[M+H]+=284.2
2-(3,3-二甲基-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(36)
通过一般过程1,由1-(2-羟乙基)-3,3-二甲基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮合成2-(3,3-二甲基-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯36(0.72g,74%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.83(1H,d),6.77(1H,d),4.38(2H,t),3.82(1H,t),3.80(3H,s),2.55(2H,s),1.31(6H,s).m/z[M+H]+=284.1
3-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)丙基甲基 富马酸酯(133)
通过一般过程1,由1-(3-羟丙基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮合成3-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)丙基甲基富马酸酯133(0.64g,69%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD);6.82(2H,s),4.17(2H,t),3.79(3H,s),3.59(2H,t),2.67(4H,s),1.95(2H,dt).m/z[M+H]+=270.2
甲基(2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯(38)
通过一般过程1,由1-(2-羟乙基)吡咯烷-2-酮合成甲基(2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)富马酸酯38(0.68g,73%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD);6.85(2H,s),4.33(2H,t),3.80(3H,s),3.59(2H,t),3.46(2H,t),2.37(2H,t),2.03(2H,dt).[M+H]+=242.1
甲基(2-(2-氧代恶唑烷-3-基)乙基)富马酸酯(39)
通过一般过程1,由3-(2-羟乙基)恶唑烷-2-酮合成甲基(2-(2-氧代恶唑烷-3-基)乙基)富马酸酯39(0.77g,92%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD);6.82(2H,s),4.39-4.30(4H,m),3.78(3H,s),3.72-3.67(2H,m),3.58-3.54(2H,m).m/z[M+H]+=244.2
2-(4,4-二甲基-2,5-二氧代咪唑烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(42)
通过一般过程1,由3-(2-羟乙基)-5,5-二甲基咪唑烷-2,4-二酮合成2-(4,4-二甲基-2,5-二氧代咪唑烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯42(0.33g,33%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.82(2H,s),5.50(NH),4.40(2H,t),3.86-3.76(5H,m),1.43(6H,s).m/z[M+H]+=285.2
甲基(2-(N-丙酰基丙酰胺基)乙基)富马酸酯(42)
通过一般过程1,由N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺合成甲基(2-丙酰酰氨基乙基)富马酸酯41(1.7g,96%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.87(2H,s),4.29(2H,t),3.81(3H,s),3.58(2H,q),2.21(2H,q),1.15(3H,t).
将甲基(2-丙酰酰氨基乙基)富马酸酯(1.7g,7.4mmol)、丙酸酐(36mL)和丙酸钠(1.0g,10.4mmol)的混合物在150℃下加热16个小时。冷却反应物,浓缩至1/3rd体积,然后装载到硅胶柱上,并且用1-20%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷进行洗脱。收集包含产物的馏分,蒸发,并通过硅胶快速色谱法进行再纯化,用10-50%的乙酸乙酯/庚烷进行洗脱,得到甲基(2-(N-丙酰基丙酰胺基)乙基)富马酸酯42(0.18g,21%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.83-6.82(2H,m),4.34(2H,t),4.01(2H,t),3.81(3H,s),2.75(4H,q),1.16(6H,t).
2-((3R,4S)-3,4-二甲基-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(23)
通过一般过程1,由外消旋的(3R,4S)-1-(2-羟乙基)-3,4-二甲基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮合成外消旋的2-((3R,4S)-3,4-二甲基-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯23(0.54g,44%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.81-6.80(2H,m),4.37(2H,t),3.82(2H,t),3.80(3H,s),3.00-2.88(2H,m),1.25-1.18(6H,m).m/z[M+H]+=284.2
2-乙酰氨基乙基甲基富马酸酯(43)
通过一般过程1,由N-(2-羟乙基)乙酰胺43合成2-乙酰氨基乙基甲基富马酸酯(0.23g,70%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.87(2H,s),5.80(NH),4.29(2H,t),3.81(3H,s),3.57(2H,q),2.00(3H,s).m/z[M+H]+=216.14
2-(N-乙酰基乙酰氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(44)
将2-乙酰胺基乙基甲基富马酸酯(0.62g,2.9mmol)、乙酸酐(15mL)和乙酸钠(0.33g,4.0mmol)的混合物加热回流20个小时。对反应混合物进行浓缩,并且将残留物悬浮与二氯甲烷中。将上层清夜装在到硅胶柱中,并且用0-20%的乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷进行洗脱,得到2-(N-乙酰基乙酰氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯44(0.36g,48%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);6.87(1H,d),6.82(1H,d),4.36(2H,d),4.00(2H,d),3.81(3H,s),2.44(3H,s).
2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(48)
将在二氯甲烷(11mL每克MMF)中的单甲基富马酸酯(MMF)(1.0当量)的悬浮液添加到二异丙基乙胺(3当量)、2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)乙醇(1.02当量)和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)脲四氟硼酸盐(1.5当量)中。在<10℃温度下,搅拌所述反应1-18个小时。用1M盐酸(0.6mL/mL的DCM)猝灭所述反应。用10%(w/w)的碳酸氢钠水溶液(0.6mL/mLof DCM)清洗有机层,然后用37%(w/w)的氯化钠溶液(0.6mL/mL的DCM)进行清洗。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤去除干燥剂,并且将溶液添加到硅胶填料(~6g的硅胶/克MMF)中,并且用DCM冲洗填料直到没有更多的产物洗脱出来。在30℃下,在减压条件下去除~80%的DCM,然后添加25mL的MTBE/克的MMF,并且进一步在30℃下浓缩溶液直到剩余~10mL/g的MMF。所得到的悬浮液冷却至5℃至少一个小时,并且然后通过过滤收集所得到的固体,从而得到所期望的MMF酯产物。(3.8g,91%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.08(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),6.79(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),4.18(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H),3.28(q,J=5.4Hz,2H),1.43(s,9H).m/z[M+H]+=274.3.
2-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯(55)
将在二氯甲烷(11mL每克MMF)中的单甲基富马酸酯(MMF)(1.0当量)的悬浮液添加到二异丙基乙胺(3当量)、2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)乙醇(1.02当量)和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)脲四氟硼酸盐(1.5当量)中。在<10℃温度下,搅拌所述反应1-18个小时。用1M盐酸(0.6mL/mL的DCM)猝灭所述反应。用10%(w/w)的碳酸氢钠水溶液(0.6mL/mLof DCM)清洗有机层,然后用37%(w/w)的氯化钠溶液(0.6mL/mL的DCM)进行清洗。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤去除干燥剂,并且将溶液添加到硅胶填料(~6g的硅胶/克MMF)中,并且用DCM冲洗填料直到没有更多的产物洗脱出来。在30℃下,在减压条件下去除~80%的DCM,然后添加25mL的MTBE/克的MMF,并且进一步在30℃下浓缩溶液直到剩余~10mL/g的MMF。所得到的悬浮液冷却至5℃至少一个小时,然后通过过滤收集所得到的固体,从而得到所期望的MMF酯产物。(2.4g,67%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.82(d,J=2.8Hz,2H),6.74(s,2H),4.36(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.86(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H).m/z[M+H]+=254.2.
参照化合物A
2-(二乙胺基)-2-氧代乙基甲基富马酸酯
通过一般过程3合成2-(二乙胺基)-2-氧代乙基甲基富马酸酯,并且符合在US专利号为8,148,414的专利中所报道的数据。
实施例2-某些化合物的水性化学稳定性
所述化合物在乙腈或者乙腈/甲醇中的储备溶液被制备为20mg/mL和20μL,添加到3mL的磷酸盐缓冲液(100mM)中,并且在37℃下温育。在不同的时间点取样等分试样(50μL),并且用甲酸铵(pH 3.5)/乙腈稀释20倍。将稀释的样品通过HPLC进行分析。相对于时间进行绘制对应于化合物的峰面积,并且将数据拟合为一级单指数式衰减,其中对速率常数和半衰期进行测定(表3)。在某些情况下,其中由于半衰期太长(>360分钟),使用在低转化(<10%)下的初始斜率报道半衰期的估计值。
表3.
化合物 pH 8(t1/2,分钟)
化合物 pH 8(t1/2,分钟)
1 15
4 45
5 24
6 2.0
7 26.0
8 36.0
9 7.0
10 67.0
11 >240
12 396
14 144
15 3.0
16 20.0
17 11.0
18 5.0
19 6.0
20 5.0
参照化合物A 120
所述化合物在乙腈或者乙腈/MeOH中的储备溶液被制备为0.05M。将所述储备溶液的0.010mL等分试样添加到1mL的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8)中,并且在37℃下进行温育。典型地,在不同的时间点对等分试样(0.010mL)进行取样,并且立即注射到HPLC中用UV检测(211nm)。相对于时间进行绘制对应于化合物的峰面积,并且将数据拟合为一级单指数式衰减,其中通过斜率确定速率常数和半衰期(表4)。
表4.
化合物 pH 8(t1/2,分钟)
1 15
化合物 pH 8(t1/2,分钟)
4 30
5 24
6 2
19 117
22 144
23 186
26 129
27 37
28 <10
29 <10
30 229
31 26
32 13
33 115
35
37 182
38 201
39 183
40 203
42 158
43 177.5
44 145
48 220
130 1010
131 96
133 246
实施例3-用NMR评估水性化学稳定性
所述化学水解是通过将酯溶解到在NMR管中的磷酸盐缓冲的D2O(pH 7.9)中,加热NMR管到37℃,并且定期记录光谱。随着时间的推移通过二酯的水解产生的这些不同种类。参见附图1-5。
实施例4-口服施用前药在大鼠中的MMF递送
大鼠是通过商业购买得到,并且被在颈静脉中预先插管。动物在实验时是有意识的。所有的动物都禁食过夜,并且禁食直至给药本发明的前药的4小时之后。
在不同的时间点直到服药后24个小时将获自所有动物的血液样本(0.25mL/样本)收集到管中,所述管中包含氟化钠/EDTA钠。对样品进行离心从而得到血浆。将血浆样本转移到清洁的管中,并且在分析之前储藏在或低于-70℃条件下。
为了制备分析标样,将20uL的大鼠血浆标样用60uL的内标准进行猝灭。将样本管旋转至少1分钟,然后在3000rpm下离心分离10分钟。然后,将50uL的悬浮液转移到含有100μL水的96-孔板中,用于通过LC-MS-MS进行分析。
LC-MS-MS分析是使用一种配备有HPLC和自动采样器的API 4000进行。使用下述的HPLC柱条件:Waters Atlantis T3;流速0.5mL/分钟;运行时间5分钟;移动相A:0.1%甲酸的水溶液;移动相B:0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液(ACN);梯度:98%A/2%B在0.0分钟,98%A/2%B在1分钟,5%A/95%B在3分钟,5%A/95%B在3.75分钟,97%A/3%B在4分钟,以及98%A/2%B在5.0分钟。在阳离子模式下检测MMF。
MMF、DMF或者MMF前药通过口服强饲法施用于2到6个成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(大约250g)的组。这些动物在实验时是由意识的。MMF、DMF或者MMF前药被口服施用,在0.5%羟丙基甲基纤维素、0.02%聚山梨醇酯80、和20mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 5)的水溶液中,剂量为每kg体重10mg当量的MMF。
MMF的百分比绝对生物利用率(F%)的确定是通过比较在口服施用MMF、DMF或者MMF前药之后在MMF浓度vs时间曲线下的面积与在剂量标准化的基础上MMF静脉内施用之后的MMF浓度的AUCvs时间曲线进行确定的。
当以在水性载体中的10mg/kg MMF-当量的剂量口服施用于大鼠时,MMF前药表现出一种绝对口服生物利用率(相对于IV而言),其范围为大约3%到大约96%(参见表5和表6)。表5和表6所示的数据来自两个独立的研究。
表5
化合物编号 百分比绝对生物利用率(F%)
MMF 43%
DMF 53%
16 60-82%
4 3%
14 96%
10 73%
表6.
化合物编号 百分比绝对生物利用率(F%)
MMF 69.6
DMF 69.6
132 60.3
40 70.4
39 91.4
5 81.1
11 71.4
实施例5-口服施用前药在狗中的MMF递送
雄性比格狗获自非本土动物的测试设备集落中。所有的动物在剂量施用之前禁食过夜。
通过口服强饲法施用口服剂量。所述强饲法管在移除前通入10mL水。
对所有的动物观察给药以及每个预定的收集。记录所有的异常情况。
将血液样本手机在氟化钠/Na2EDTA管中,并且储藏在湿冰上直到在收集30分钟内通过离心分离(300rpm在5℃下)处理血浆。所有的血浆样本转移到分离的96孔板(矩阵管)上,并且在-80℃进行储藏直到通过使用RGA 3分析的LC/MS/MS进行浓度分析。
提取程序:
注意:在4℃下解冻的测试样品。(在工作台上,保存在冰中)。
1.将20uL的研究样本、标准和QC样本分装到标记的96-孔板中。
2.将120uL的合适的内标物溶液(125ng/mL小鼠胚胎纤维母细胞(MEF))添加到每个管中,除了添加120uL的合适的乙腈∶FA(100∶1)的两个空白。
3.密封并旋转混合1分钟。
4.以3000rpm离心10分钟。
5.将100uL的悬浮液转移到包含100uL水的干净的96-孔板中。
6.密封并轻柔旋转2分钟。
MMF的百分比绝对生物利用率(F%)的确定是通过比较在口服施用MMF前药之后在MMF浓度vs时间曲线下的面积(AUC)与在剂量标准化的基础上MMF静脉内施用之后的MMF浓度的vs时间曲线的AUC进行确定的。
当以在水性载体中的10mg/kg MMF-当量的剂量口服施用于狗时,MMF前药表现出一种绝对口服生物利用率(相对于IV而言),其范围为大约31%到大约78%(参见表7)。
表7
实施例6-本发明的前药和DMF结晶形式的物理稳定性
本发明的化合物和DMF的物理稳定性通过热重量分析(TGA)进行测量。附图6显示了对于化合物14(12.15mg)在60℃下重量减轻与时间周华健的曲线,没有变化,并且DMF(18.40mg),在少于4个小时内有~100%的重量减轻。这些数据表明,DMF会经受升华,但是在类似的条件下化合物14则是物理稳定的。
实施例7-化合物14的单晶X-光数据
对通过本发明实施例1所述的方法制备得到的化合物14进行分析。附图7描述了所述单元晶胞。单晶X-光数据如下所述:
单晶数据:
实验公式:C11 H13 N O6
化学式量:255.22
温度:173(2)K
波长:
空间群:P-1
晶胞尺寸: α=84.9390(10)°.
β=80.0440(10)°.
γ=71.9690(10)°.
体积:579.080(15)
Z:2
密度(计算出的):1.464Mg/m3
吸收系数:1.034mm-1
F(000):268
晶粒大小:0.37x 0.15x 0.15mm3
反射收集:8446
独立反射:2229[R(int)=0.0249]
纯化方法:F2全矩阵最小二乘方,F2
F2的拟合优度:1.049
最终R系数[I>2sigma(I)]R1=0.0317,wR2=0.0850
R系数(全数据):R1=0.0334,wR2=0.0864

Claims (18)

1.一种式(III)化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1是未被取代的C1-C6烷基;
R6,R7,R8和R9每个是,各自独立地,H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基或者C(O)ORa
Ra是H或者取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;
m是0、1、2或3;
t是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;以及
每个R10是,各自独立地,H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6炔基、取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环或者取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者,可选择地,连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基,取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,或者取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
或者,可选择地,连接到不同原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的C3-C10碳环,或者取代或未取代的杂环包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1是甲基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6、R7、R8和R9每个是H。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中m是2或3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中t是0、1、2、3或4。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中每个R10是各自独立地取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;或者,可选择地,连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基,取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子;或者,可选择地,连接到不同原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的原子一起,形成一种取代或未取代的杂芳基,其包括一个或两个5-元或者6-元环和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
8.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6、R7、R8和R9均为H;m是2或3;t是0、1、2、3或4;以及其中连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基。
9.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其中R6、R7、R8和R9均为H;m是2或3;t是0、1、2、3或4;以及其中连接到相同碳原子上的两个R10,与它们所连接的碳原子一起,形成一种羰基。
10.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
12.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
13.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物选自下述结构组成的组:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
14.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物选自以下结构组成的组:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
15.一种药物组合物,其包括:
(i)根据权利要求1-14任意其中一项所述的式(III)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐;以及
(ii)药学上可接受的载体。
16.根据权利要求1-14任意其中一项所述的式(III)化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或根据权利要求15所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗神经性疾病的药物中的应用。
17.根据权利要求16所述的应用,其中所述的神经性疾病是多发性硬化症。
18.根据权利要求16所述的应用,其中所述神经性疾病选自以下病症:复发-缓解型多发性硬化症、继发进展型多发性硬化症、原发进展型多发性硬化症或进展复发型多发性硬化症。
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