CN105444461B - 一种热电制冷器 - Google Patents
一种热电制冷器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105444461B CN105444461B CN201510828341.2A CN201510828341A CN105444461B CN 105444461 B CN105444461 B CN 105444461B CN 201510828341 A CN201510828341 A CN 201510828341A CN 105444461 B CN105444461 B CN 105444461B
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- thermoelectric cooler
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 AgSbTe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005900 GeTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002665 PbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910007657 ZnSb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound 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9wYWNpdHk6MTsnIC8+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= 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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
- F25B2321/021—Control thereof
Abstract
本发明公开了一种热电制冷器，包括半导体热臂及其外缘的电致发光体，第一直流电源连接半导体热臂和电致发光体，实现发光制冷；第二直流电源提供驱动电流，电流通过放热端电极、半导体热臂、吸热端电极及放热端电极构成回路。半导体热臂的吸热端与吸热端金属电极连接，放热端与放热端金属电极连接，半导体热臂的放热端通过导热硅脂连接向外散热的金属热沉。本发明的热电制冷器通过使用电致发光吸收热电材料中的声子，能够有效减少热臂中声子的回流量，从而提高热电制冷器的制冷效率。
Description
一种热电制冷器
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种热电制冷器，属于半导体制冷技术领域。
背景技术
[0002]半导体制冷由于无需传统制冷结构所需的压缩机等机械单元，在小型化的制冷 装置中得到了一定应用。半导体制冷利用了半导体材料的Peltier效应，当直流电通过两 种不同半导体材料串联成的电偶时，在电偶的两端即可分别吸收热量和放出热量，实现制 冷的目的。
[0003]与传统的制冷装置相比，半导体制冷装置存在的一个不足是热电转换率低，冷端 与热端的制冷温差较小，无法达到传统制冷装置的制冷效率。为了解决此问题，通常的设 计思路是改进半导体材料热臂的导热效率，这对研发成本和工作量带来了极大的压力。
发明内容
[0004] 有鉴于现有技术所存在的问题，本发明公开了一种热电制冷器，所公开的技术方 案是用电致发光吸收热电材料中的声子，有效减少热臂中声子的回流量，从而提高热电制 冷器的制冷效率。
[0005] 具体地说，本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
[0006] 一种热电制冷器，包括半导体热臂和其外缘的电致发光体，第一直流电源联通半 导体热臂和电致发光体；半导体热臂的吸热端连接冷端电极，该冷端电极接触待制冷目 标，半导体热臂的散热端连接联通第二直流电源的热端电极，该热端电极通过导热硅脂连 接向外散热的金属热沉。
[0007] 通过上述结构改进，第二直流电源为热电制冷器工作提供能源，驱动电子定向运 动;第一直流电源为电致发光发生系统提供动力，产生一个偏置电压，加速电子进入发光 层与空穴进行复合，产生光子，带走热量，实现制冷。
[0008] 其中，所用的电致发光体为P-N型LED。
[0009] 其中，半导体热臂由常用热电材料制成，？131^、21^13483价€；24£^6、〇03属于常用 的热电材料。
[0010]在进一步的改进中，使用至少两种半导体材料进行复合，电子与空穴能够在发光 层复合发光，吸收声子，减少回流量，实现热电效率的提高。
[0011]其中，第一直流电源和第二直流电源的电压可实现相关器件的工作即可，通常第 一直流电源电压为〇. 1〜3V，第二直流电源电压为5V〜10V。
[0012]为了提高散热效率，抑制漏电情况，热端电极通过导热硅脂与导热绝缘陶瓷片连 接，导热绝缘陶瓷片通过导热硅脂连接金属热沉。
[0013]在此结构下，陶瓷片能够良好的对电绝缘，同时又保持良好的散执能力(普通导 热绝缘陶瓷片的热导率为30〜200W/(m.K))。
[0014]在上述中，所用的金属热沉采用导热性能良好的金属材料制成的具有较大的体 表比的几何结构，如铝、铜等材料。
[0015]本发明的技术方案，利用电致发光制冷，通过电子在发射极吸收声子，然后在发 光层发生电子-空穴复合释放高能光子，再通过光导材料将热能以光子形式导出，实现吸 收的热量大于产生的热量的净制冷，提高了冷端与热端的制冷温差，从而改善热电换能效 率。
[0016]在上述基础上，本发明相应公开了一种提高热电制冷器，利用电致发光体降低半 导体热臂中声子的回流量。
附图说明
[0017]图1为本发明的热电制冷器线路结构示意图。
[0018]图2a、2b为本发明热电制冷器工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
[0019]参考附图1，显示了本发明的热电制冷器的电路结构，包括半导体热臂1，半导体 热臂的两端分为吸热端和放热端;第二直流电源8提供驱动电流，通过放热端电极3连接、 半导体热臂1及吸热端电极2形成回路，吸热端电极2吸收热量成为吸热端，放热端电极3释 放热量形成放放热端;热沉5与放热端电极3连接将热量散发到外界空气中；为了实现良好 的电绝缘和热传导，在金属热沉和放热端电极之间设有绝缘陶瓷4进行隔离，放热端电极 与绝缘陶瓷通过散热性能良好的硅脂连接，绝缘陶瓷与金属热沉同样由散热性能良好的 娃脂连接。
[0020]在半导体热臂的外缘为电致发光体6,第一直流电源7电连接电致发光体和半导 体热臂，其工作电压为0.1〜3v;第二直流电源8连通半导体热臂的热端电极，其工作电压 为5〜10v〇
[0021]其中，直流电源连接所用的导线为铜质或铝质导线，以有效降低电力浪费。
[0022]本发明的热电制冷器，第一直流电源7为LED电致发光发生系统提供动力，产生一 个偏置电压，加速电子进入发光层与空穴进行复合，产生光子，带走热量，实现制冷;第二直 流电源8为整个系统提供能源，从而在电势差的作用下驱动电子定向运动。
[0023]其中，所用的半导体热臂采用热电材料制成， 常用的热电材料。为了进一步提高其效能，本发明的半导体热臂从上述半导体材料中选择 两种半导体材料复合而成，实现电子与空穴在发光层复合发光，吸收声子，减少回流量，提 高热电效率。
[0024]其中，该电致发光体为P-N型LED，在电作用下实现发光并吸收半导体热臂中的声 子，减少回流量，实现热电效率的提高。
[0025]如图2a、2b所示，显示了本发明装置的工作原理，图2a显示了半导体热臂的状态， 在其两端存在温度梯度，其核心层与外壳层由于连接了直流电源从而独立存在一定的电势 差，电子在电势差的驱动下与空穴在LED的发光层复合发光（即激子复合)释放高能光子， 再通过光导材料将热能以光子形式导出或转换为电能;参考图2b，显示了在半导体热臂的 热流从热端流向冷端的过程中，LED的发光层会产生吸热作用，降低热流从而减少声子回 流量，提高热电制冷器的整体制冷效率。
Claims (2)
1. 一种热电制冷器，其特征在于包括半导体热臂和其外缘连接的电致发光体，第一直 流电源联通半导体热臂和电致发光体，半导体热臂的吸热端连接吸热端电极，该吸热端电 极接触待制冷目标，半导体热臂的放热端连接第二直流电源的放热端电极，放热端电极通 过导热硅脂与导热绝缘陶瓷片连接，导热绝缘陶瓷片通过导热硅脂连接金属热沉，电致发 光体为P-N型LED,第一直流电源电压为0.1〜3V，第二直流电源电压为5V〜10V。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种热电制冷器，其特征是所述半导体热臂由热电材料制成 选用 PbTe、ZnSb、AgSbTe2、GeTe、CeS 中的一种。 ’
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| CN103954070A (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-30 | 河南工业大学 | 一种基于交变磁场驱动的热电制冷器 |
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| CN103545440A (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-29 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 热电转换结构及使用其的散热结构 |
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