CN105443324A - Wind generating set cabin cover lightning protection system and design method of wind generating set cabin cover lightning protection system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a lightning protection system for a nacelle cover of a wind power generating set and the lightning protection system. The technical solution adopted includes the nacelle cover and the lightning rod device installed at the rear end of the nacelle cover. The weak point of the nacelle cover is found by the rolling ball method, and the lightning protection and lightning receptor is installed at the weak point. cloth, and connected with the wires inside the nacelle cover, so that the nacelle cover forms a Faraday cage. Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: the design method of the lightning protection system for the nacelle cover of a wind power generating set provided by the present invention utilizes the principle of the rolling ball method of the wind generating set to protect the nacelle cover of the wind generating set Each weak point is protected, and the nacelle cover is protected in all directions, which improves the safety of the crew.

Description

Design method and lightning protection system for wind turbine nacelle cover lightning protection system

technical field

The invention relates to a design method of a lightning protection system for a nacelle cover of a wind power generating set and the lightning protection system.

Background technique

Wind energy is the renewable clean energy with the most mature technology and the most conditions for large-scale development. Wind power generation provides the basis for the harmonious development of man and nature. Since wind power generators work in a natural environment, they will inevitably be affected by natural disasters. Due to the rapid development of modern science and technology, the capacity of a single wind turbine is increasing. In order to absorb more energy, the height of the tower and the diameter of the impeller increase, which also increases the risk of being struck by lightning. Lightning has become a natural phenomenon. It is the most harmful disaster to the safe operation of wind turbines. The huge energy released by lightning can cause damage to wind turbine blades, generator insulation breakdown, and burnout of control components.

The terrain in my country's coastal areas is complex, and there are many thunderstorm days. Full attention should be paid to the huge threat brought by lightning strikes to wind turbines and operators. In order to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters, it is necessary to fully understand it and make targeted preventive measures. The lightning protection of wind turbine is a comprehensive lightning protection project. Whether the lightning protection design is in place is directly related to whether the wind turbine can work normally in thunderstorm weather, and to ensure that various equipment in the wind turbine are not damaged.

Another problem is the grounding of wind turbines located on hills and ridges. The soil conductivity in these areas is relatively poor. Typically, the nacelles of modern large wind turbines are made of composite materials, such as glass-fibre-reinforced plastic or wood laminates. When lightning strikes unprotected blades made of such materials, damage always occurs due to the inability of these materials to conduct the lightning current. Therefore, requirements for such lightning protection are important. The wind turbine nacelle cover is made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, and they should prevent direct lightning strikes. Wind turbines are currently the most widely used and most important equipment for wind energy utilization.

The design of the lightning protection system of the wind turbine nacelle cover is directly related to the internal electrical circuit of the nacelle cover. The nacelle cover is equivalent to the protective shell of the wind power system. Therefore, whether the design of the lightning protection system of the nacelle cover is reasonable or not is directly related to the work of the wind turbine. status and device security. Since the nacelle cover is subjected to direct lightning strikes, it cannot be verified through experiments. It is necessary to consider the magnitude and direction of the lightning current at the beginning of the design. Therefore, the rationality of the design of the nacelle cover lightning protection system is particularly important. The design of the traditional nacelle cover lightning protection system is to install lightning rods on the top of the nacelle cover, and combine the lead wires under the nacelle cover and run through the cover body to conduct lightning current flow. It has certain limitations in lightning protection and cannot fully protect the nacelle cover.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a design method and a lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover lightning protection system to protect the nacelle cover in all directions.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted in the invention includes the nacelle cover and the lightning rod device installed at the rear end of the nacelle cover. The nacelle cover lightning protection lightning-termination device is designed and arranged, and connected with the wires inside the nacelle cover, so that the nacelle cover forms a Faraday cover.

The design method is characterized in that: the rolling ball method includes the following steps:

1) The starting point is at the vertically downward horizontal ground position at the tail of the nacelle cover;

2) Using a rolling ball with a radius of h _r , one point is tangent to the tower, and the other point is tangent to the horizontal ground below the tail of the nacelle cover;

3) As the rolling ball rolls up along the tower below the tail of the nacelle, when the ball is below the tail of the nacelle, one point is tangent to the tower, and the other point is tangent to the bottom of the tail of the nacelle, and the middle arc within the scope of its protection;

4) The tangent point below the tail of the nacelle is used as one of the installation positions of the lightning protection and lightning receptor for the nacelle;

5) As the rolling ball continues to roll along the nacelle cover, when one point of the rolling ball is tangent to the top of the nacelle cover tail, and the other point is tangent to the lightning rod on the top of the nacelle cover, the point of tangency between the top of the nacelle cover tail and the rolling ball is used as the nacelle cover protection. Another installation location of the lightning receptor;

6) As the rolling ball moves along the nacelle cover to the top of the nacelle cover, one point of the rolling ball is tangent to the lightning rod on the top of the nacelle cover, and the other point is tangent to the blade. There is no need to install a lightning terminal device at the top of the nacelle cover.

The design method is characterized in that: the rolling ball method also includes the following steps:

7) Draw a straight line L1 parallel to the ground at a distance h _r from the ground, perpendicular to the tower;

8), take h _r as the radius as a sphere, and its arc is tangent to the straight line L1 and the tower;

9) Draw a straight line L2 parallel to the ground at a distance h _r from the ground, perpendicular to the tower;

10) Taking h _r as the radius as a sphere, its arc is tangent to the straight line L2, the tower, and the nacelle cover;

11) The tangent point of the nacelle cover is the installation position of the air-termination device of the nacelle cover.

A lightning protection system for a wind turbine nacelle cover, realized according to the design method described above, including a nacelle cover and a lightning rod device installed at the rear end of the nacelle cover, the lightning rod device includes a frame and a lightning rod installed on the frame, the bottom of the frame A grounding cable is connected, and it is characterized in that: the rear end of the nacelle cover is installed with a lightning protection lightning receptor through the rolling ball method, and the lightning protection lightning receptors are connected by wires and connected with the grounding cable. The above wires are installed inside the nacelle cover.

The lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover is characterized in that the lightning protection lightning receptor is formed by welding three round steel columns in a "T" shape, with a mounting plate at the bottom and a tip at the front end.

The lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover is characterized in that the frame includes a longitudinal bar, a large horizontal bar, and a telescopic tie rod rotatably connected to the large horizontal bar, and lightning rods are installed at both ends of the large horizontal bar.

The lightning protection system for the nacelle cover of the wind power generating set is characterized in that the upper end of the lightning rod is fixedly connected with the support rod welded on the large horizontal rod.

The lightning protection system for the nacelle cover of the wind power generating set is characterized in that a small horizontal bar is arranged above the lightning rods at both ends, and an anemometer and a wind direction indicator are respectively installed at both ends of the small horizontal bar.

The lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover is characterized in that aviation obstruction lights are respectively installed on the extensions at both ends of the large horizontal bar.

The lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover is characterized in that: the bottom of the longitudinal bar is connected with a large lug bolt, and the large lug bolt is connected with the backing plate through bolts.

The lightning protection system for the wind turbine nacelle cover is characterized in that the lightning rod is sleeved on the sleeve and fixed by a fixing device, and the sleeve is fixed on the large horizontal bar and the support bar.

The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

(1) The design method of lightning protection system for wind turbine nacelle cover provided by the present invention uses the principle of the wind turbine rolling ball method to protect each weak point of the wind turbine nacelle cover and protect the nacelle cover in all directions. Increased unit safety.

(2) Redesign the lightning protection air-termination device of the nacelle cover. In the process of lightning protection, it is very important to arrange the lightning protection air-termination device of the nacelle cover reasonably as the lightning protection release point of the nacelle cover. Increase the lightning strike protection point of the nacelle cover, improve the safety of the nacelle cover lightning strike, avoid the interference of electrical components inside the nacelle cover, and also improve the stability of communication. The rolling ball method is simple in principle, ingenious in conception and easy to implement.

(3) Using the lightning protection lightning-termination device for the nacelle cover of the wind power generating set, the structure is simple, the safety of the set is improved, the cost is low, and it is easy to realize.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the description.

Fig. 1 is the lightning protection schematic diagram of the tail rolling ball method of the wind turbine nacelle cover of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of lightning protection by rolling ball method on the right side of the wind turbine nacelle cover of the present invention;

3 and 4 are structural representations of different angles of the lightning rod device of the present invention;

Figures 5 and 6 are schematic structural views of different angles of the lightning protection lightning receptor of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the lightning rod device of the present invention.

detailed description

Example 1:

With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 shown, a kind of wind generating set nacelle cover lightning protection system design method of the present invention, with 2.5MW type, the wind generating set whose center height of hub is 80m is example, find out respectively through the rolling ball model Exit the weak point of the lightning protection of the cabin cover.

When lightning strikes from the right side of the rear of the nacelle cover, both corners on the right side of the rear of the nacelle cover are exposed to the range of lightning strikes, see Figure 2 for details. The present invention finds the weak point of the nacelle cover by the rolling ball method, and installs the lightning protection lightning-termination device 3 at the position of the weak point, designs and arranges the lightning protection lightning-termination device 3 of the nacelle cover, and connects with the wire 4 inside the nacelle cover 1 The connection makes the nacelle cover 1 form a Faraday cover, and the nacelle cover forms a shielding net to protect the nacelle cover and the electrical components inside the nacelle cover. When a lightning strike occurs, the lightning current is guided through the lightning protection air-termination device of the nacelle cover, transmitted to the main frame, then transmitted to the tower, and finally transmitted to the ground. The above-mentioned wire 4 specifically adopts a copper braid.

Above-mentioned rolling ball method comprises the steps:

1) The starting point is at the vertically downward horizontal ground position at the rear of the nacelle cover, where h _r =45m is the radius rolling ball. The rolling ball radius h _r =45m, according to the relevant provisions of the classification of buildings in the "Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings" GB50057-2010, the value of the rolling ball radius h _r is taken. Wherein, the first type of building is h _r =30 meters, the second type of building is h _r =45 meters, and the third type of building is h _r =60 meters.

2) Use h _r =45m as the rolling ball, one point is tangent to the tower, and the other point is tangent to the horizontal ground below the tail of the nacelle cover.

3) As the rolling ball with h _r =45m rolls up along the tower below the tail of the nacelle, when the rolling ball is below the tail of the nacelle, one point is tangent to the tower, and the other point is tangent to the tail of the nacelle cover. The range of the middle arc is its protection range.

4) The tangent point below the tail of the nacelle is used as an installation location for the nacelle lightning protection lightning-termination device.

5) With the h _r radius, the rolling ball continues to roll along the nacelle cover. When one point of the rolling ball is tangent to the top of the nacelle cover, and the other point is tangent to the lightning rod on the top of the nacelle cover, it is tangent to the lightning rod from the tail of the nacelle cover to the top of the nacelle cover. The protection range is within the range of the dot arc.

6) The tangent point above the tail of the nacelle cover and the rolling ball is another installation location for the lightning protection and lightning-termination device of the nacelle cover.

7) As the h _r radius rolling ball moves along the nacelle cover to the top of the nacelle cover, one point of the rolling ball is tangent to the lightning rod on the top of the nacelle cover, and the other point is tangent to the blade. There is no need to install a lightning receptor device at the top of the nacelle cover , the protection range is within the arc range from the point of tangency between the rolling ball and the tower to the horizontal ground point, and the protection range is a symmetrical cone.

8) Draw a straight line L1 parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower at a distance h _r from the ground.

9) Take h _r as the radius as a sphere, and its arc is tangent to the straight line L and the tower.

10) Draw a straight line L2 parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower at a distance h _r from the ground.

11) Taking h _r as the radius as a sphere, its arc is tangent to the straight line L2, the tower, and the nacelle cover.

12) The tangent point of the nacelle cover is the installation position of the air-termination device of the nacelle cover. When the lightning strikes from the right side of the rear part of the nacelle cover, the air-termination device here is used as the lightning trigger point.

Similarly, when lightning strikes from the left or right side of the rear of the nacelle cover, the starting point is vertically downwards at the rear side of the nacelle, and the horizontal ground position is used as the starting point, where h _r =45m is the radius rolling ball. With h _r =45m, the rolling ball rolls up along the tower below the rear of the nacelle. When the rolling ball is below the left side or the right side of the nacelle, one point is tangent to the tower, and the other point is tangent to the side below the nacelle cover, and its protection range is within the range of the middle arc. The tangent point below the tail side of the nacelle is used as one of the installation positions of the nacelle lightning protection and lightning-termination device. As the rolling ball continues to roll along the nacelle cover with a radius of h _r , one point of the rolling ball is tangent to the upper side of the nacelle cover, one point is tangent to the lightning rod on the top of the nacelle cover, and the other point is tangent to the blade. The left or right side of the nacelle near the tail is exposed to lightning strikes.

Example 2:

2 to 7, a wind turbine nacelle cover lightning protection system of the present invention includes a nacelle cover 1 and a lightning rod device 2 installed at the rear end of the nacelle cover 1. The lightning rod device 2 includes a frame 5 and is installed on the The lightning rod 6 on the frame 5, the bottom of the frame 5 is connected with a grounding cable 7, and the grounding cable 7 is connected to the base in the engine room. The rear end of the nacelle cover 1 is equipped with a lightning protection lightning receptor 3 through the design method described in Embodiment 1, and the lightning protection lightning receptor 3 is connected by a wire 4 and connected with the grounding cable 7. The wire 4 is specifically made of a copper braid, and is installed inside the nacelle cover 1 .

To further optimize the above scheme, the lightning protection lightning receptor 3 is formed by welding three round steel columns 8 in a "T" shape, with a mounting plate 9 at the bottom and a tip 10 at the front end. The lightning arrester with "T" structure has a simple structure and can receive lightning in three directions: left, right, and up, which improves the safety of the unit. At the same time, the cost is low and it is easy to implement.

Further optimize the above scheme, the frame 5 of the lightning rod device 2 includes a longitudinal bar 11, a large horizontal bar 12 and a telescopic pull rod 13 that is rotatably connected to the large horizontal bar 11, and the lightning rod 6 is installed at both ends of the large horizontal bar 12 . Two lightning rods 6 are installed simultaneously to protect the nacelle cover more comprehensively. The upper end of the lightning rod 6 is fixedly connected with the support rod 14 welded on the large cross bar 12, and the lightning rod 6 is further secured by the support rod 14 to prevent it from being blown down by strong winds. A small horizontal bar 15 is arranged above the lightning rods 6 at both ends, and an anemometer 16 and an anemometer 17 are respectively installed at both ends of the small horizontal bar 15 . The extensions 18 at both ends of the large cross bar 12 are respectively equipped with aviation obstruction lights 19 . The advantage of installing 2 anemometers 16 and 17 at the same time is that even if one of them breaks down, the other can continue to use without affecting the measurement. The bottom of the longitudinal rod 11 is connected with a large lug bolt 20 , and the large lug bolt 20 is connected with the backing plate 21 through bolts. It replaces the traditional welding method for installation, making installation and replacement more convenient. The lightning rod 6 is sleeved on the sleeve 22 and fixed by a fixing device, and the sleeve 22 is fixed on the large horizontal bar 12 and the support bar 14 . The fixing device ideally adopts stainless steel pins and cotter pins arranged on the casing, and the pins arranged at the bottom of the lightning rod 6 . When the lightning rod 6, the anemometer 16 or the wind direction meter 17 break down, it is not necessary to disassemble the whole device, but only the fixing device is removed, and the lightning rod is slid down to replace related equipment, which greatly improves the convenience of maintenance.

The above does not limit the invention in any form. Although the invention has been disclosed as above with a preferred implementation example, it is not used to limit the invention. When the structure and technical content disclosed above can be used to make some changes or modifications to equivalent implementation cases with equivalent changes, but any content that does not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention, the technical essence of the present invention is based on the above implementation cases. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications are still within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. an engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system design method, comprise engine room cover (1) and be arranged on the arrester device (2) of engine room cover (1) rear end, it is characterized in that: find engine room cover weak spot by rolling ball method, and in weak spot position, lighting protection arrester (3) is installed, by engine room cover lighting protection arrester (3) design and arrangement, and the wire (4) inner with being located at engine room cover (1) is connected, engine room cover (1) is made to form faraday cage.

2. design method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rolling ball method comprises the steps:

1), engine room cover afterbody vertically downward position, level ground be starting point;

2), radius is adopted to be h _rspin, any is tangential on pylon, another point be tangential on engine room cover afterbody lower horizontal ground;

3), along with spin up roll along pylon below engine room cover afterbody, when spin is below the afterbody of cabin, have a bit tangent with pylon, tangent below another point and engine room cover afterbody, be its protection domain in its middle arc extent;

4), below engine room cover afterbody points of tangency as a wherein mounting point, place of engine room cover lighting protection arrester;

5), along with spin continues to roll along engine room cover, when spin is a bit tangential on engine room cover upper rear, another point is tangential on engine room cover top lightning conductor, and engine room cover upper rear and spin points of tangency are as the mounting point, another place of engine room cover lighting protection arrester;

6), along with spin moves to engine room cover top along engine room cover, spin is a bit tangential on engine room cover top lightning conductor, and another point is then tangential on blade, and engine room cover tip position need not install arrester device.

3. design method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described rolling ball method also comprises the steps:

7), at distance ground h _rone, the work in place is parallel to the straight line L1 on ground, perpendicular to pylon;

8), with h _rfor radius is as ball, its camber line and straight line L1, pylon are tangent;

9), at distance ground h _rone, the work in place is parallel to the straight line L2 on ground, perpendicular to pylon;

10), with h _rfor radius is as ball, its camber line and straight line L2, pylon, engine room cover are tangent;

11), engine room cover points of tangency is engine room cover arrester mounting point.

4. an engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system, according to claim 1, design method realizes, comprise engine room cover (1) and be arranged on the arrester device (2) of engine room cover (1) rear end, described arrester device (2) comprises framework (5) and is arranged on the lightning conductor (6) on framework (5), described framework (5) bottom is connected to earth cable (7), it is characterized in that: lighting protection arrester (3) is installed by described rolling ball method in described engine room cover (1) rear end, connected by wire (4) between described lighting protection arrester (3), and be connected with described earth cable (7), it is inner that described wire (4) is arranged on engine room cover (1).

5. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described lighting protection arrester (3) by " T " font structure welding formation, is provided with mounting plate (9) by three round steel posts (8) bottom it, front end is provided with tip (10).

6. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the telescopic lever (13) that described framework (5) comprises vertical pole (11), leger (12) and is rotationally connected with leger (11), lightning conductor (6) is all installed at described leger (12) two ends.

7. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described lightning conductor (6) upper end is fixedly connected with the handrail (14) be welded on leger (12).

8. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: lightning conductor (6) top at described two ends is provided with little cross bar (15), described little cross bar (15) two ends install anemoscope (16), flow direction vane (17) respectively, and the extension part (18) at described leger (12) two ends installs aviation obstruction light (19) respectively.

9. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described vertical pole (11) bottom connects large ear stud (20), and described large ear stud (20) is connected with backing plate (21) by bolt.

10. engine room cover of wind turbine lightning-protection system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described lightning conductor (6) is set in sleeve pipe (22) and goes up and fixed by fixing device, and described sleeve pipe (22) is fixed on leger (12) and handrail (14).