CN105417920B - 猪粪便的处理方法及装置 - Google Patents
猪粪便的处理方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105417920B CN105417920B CN201510820841.1A CN201510820841A CN105417920B CN 105417920 B CN105417920 B CN 105417920B CN 201510820841 A CN201510820841 A CN 201510820841A CN 105417920 B CN105417920 B CN 105417920B
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开一种猪粪便的处理方法，其是先将猪粪便及冲洗水进行收集，再将固体和液体分别进行处理再利用的过程，具体是将猪粪便及冲洗水统一收集后；输送到分离机中进行固液分离，液体输送到沼气池内，固体输送到振动分离机上进行振动脱水和打散；脱出的粪水输送到沼气池内；打散后的粪便输送到堆放场地集中堆放；沼气池中排出的液体输送到储存池中；将储存池中的液体输送到过滤机中进行过滤；过滤得到的沉淀输送到振动分离机上；过滤得到的液体经过一级氧化池和二级氧化池处理后输送到植物生化池内；将植物生化池中的液体用于农作物灌溉。本发明将猪粪便固液分离处理后再利用，减少环境污染，使猪粪便利用率更高，具有更高的经济效益。
Description
猪粪便的处理方法及装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及养殖场禽类粪便处理技术领域，具体是一种猪粪便的处理方法及装 置。 技术背景
[0002] 当前，我国环境状况总体恶化的趋势尚未得到根本遏制，环境矛盾凸显，压力继续 加大，特别是农村环境污染加剧，重金属、化学品、持久性有机污染物以及土壤、地下水等污 染显现，部分地区生态损害严重，生态系统功能退化，生态环境比较脆弱；“三农问题”是当 前国家和各级政府普遍关心的关系国计民生的热点问题，农产品加工和生产对于调整优 化农业结构，发展优势产业、改造和提升传统产业结构具有十分重要的意义。
[0003] 目前生猪养殖业发展很快，出现了很多大型生猪养殖场。大型生猪养殖场每天要 产生大量的生猪粪便，这些生猪粪便是很好的有机肥料，但是，这种大量生猪粪便的处理成 为养殖场一个棘手的问题。由于缺乏可行的技术手段，目前大多数生猪养殖场的生猪粪便 只能未经处理直接堆放，这样，这些生猪粪便既污染了环境，又浪费了资源。人们在探索大 型生猪养殖场的生猪粪便的处理方法。最好的方法是把生猪粪便放置沼气池发酵处理，但 是这种方法也存在着生猪粪便发酵以后产生的大量污水和粪渣无法处理和利用的问题，因 此，就需要一套治理方法达到“改进养殖方式，推行清洁养殖，推进养殖废弃物资源化利用” 的规模化生猪养殖污染防治要求，最大程度解决生猪养殖废水和固体废弃物难于处理的问 题。
[0004] 猪粪含有大量的氮、磷、钾元素和蛋白质、脂肪等有机物，是一种优良的有机肥。随 着集约化养猪的大量推行，大量的猪粪集中产生在养猪场内，由于猪粪含水高，不易贮存， 臭味大，传统的处理方式是将猪粪运到农田进行还田处理，需要大量人力、物力，运输距离 大，成本高，无法将大量的猪粪及时处理，造成环境污染，影响人、畜健康。公开文献也报道 了一些猪粪便的处理方法，例如：
[0005] 1、中国专利：一种实现猪场粪污资源化利用零污染排放的治理方法，申请号： 201410200058.0，申请日：2014• 05 • 13，申请人:湖南山河美生物环保科技股份有限公司，地 址:410600湖南省长沙市宁乡县经开区新康路妙盛国际企业孵化港3号栋506号，发明人： 刘喜良、熊立寅、张林、杨静平，摘要:该发明公开了一种实现猪场粪污资源化利用零污染排 放的治理方法，它采用国家核定减排量的农牧循环利用模式与“干清奠+污水厌氧+好 氧+深度处理”相结合的粪污治理模式，通过饲料微生物处理（1)、固液分离(2)、发酵床降 解(3)、沼气池降解(4)、四级厌氧发酵池降解(5)、多级复合湿地微生物降解(6)、水生动物 及水生植物吸收(7)七个工艺流程完成其治理流程;该方法充分发挥有益微生物降解粪尿 的特殊功效，猪粪经脱水、发酵后生产有机肥，直接对外销售或运送至苗木基地及蔬菜基地 作为底肥和追肥，较大程度解决了生猪养殖废水和固体废弃物难于处理的问题。
[0006] 2、中国专利:猪粪便的综合处理及利用方法，申请号:201310311900 • 3，申请人:石 台县惠农养猪专业合作社，地址:245100安徽省池州市石台县七都镇，发明人:钱朝阳，摘 要:一种猪粪便的综合处理及利用方法，涉及养殖场禽类粪便处理方法技术领域，包括以下 方法步骤，1)将液体类的猪尿以及清洗水同一进行收集，然后排入到沼气池内进行发酵，用 于制沼气，沼液可还田；2)将固体类猪粪进行同一收集，然后脱水处理，将固液分离，液体进 入沼气池;3)步骤2)中得到的固体猪粪由以下三种处理方式:①将固体猪粪发酵后再晾干 或烘干，同菜籽饼混合用于制备有机肥;②将固体猪粪发酵后作为饲料用于喂鱼，喂蝇蛆 等;③将固体猪粪发酵后直接作为有机肥还田。该发明将固体和液体分别进行处理再利用， 改变了传统集中发酵的方式，提高了利用率，具有更高的经济效益。
[0007] 3、中国专利：猪粪的处理及利用方法，申请日：2008 • 7 • 14,申请号： 200810045547.8,申请人：四川省农业机械研宄设计院，地址:610066四川省成都市二环路 东四段牛沙路5号，发明人:郭曦、蒋立茂、曾祥平、赵帮泰，摘要:该发明公开了一种猪粪的 处理及利用的方法，它包括:1.调节水分:鲜猪粪与干猪粪经过搅拌、混合，含水率降到55〜 6〇%。2 •养殖蚯蚓:猪粪堆放在蚯蚓床上，投入蚯蚓种繁殖蚯蚓。3.饲料:烘干蚯蚓，加入到饲 料基料中配合成高蛋白饲料。4.发酵:在发酵大棚内，猪粪进行连续好氧发酵处理，周期5— 7天，每2小时翻抛一次，同时注入新鲜空气，含水率降到40〜45%。5.干燥:猪粪在气流干燥 机内进行千燥处理，含水率降到14%以下。6.除臭处理:尾气通过水浴除尘器进行除臭处理。 7•食用菌基料:将猪粪添加到稻草节、麦草节等填料中，制成栽培食用菌的基料。该发明具 有猪粪经过处理后，制成高蛋白饲料和食用菌基料，成本低，减少环境污染的优点。
发明内容
[0008]本发明的目的是提供一种在原有猪粪便处理工艺的基础上进行改进，将固体和液 体分别进行处理再利用，减少环境污染，使猪粪便利用率更高，具有更高的经济效益的猪粪 便的处理方法及装置。
[0009]为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
[0010]本发明的猪粪便的处理方法，是先将猪粪便及冲洗水进行收集，再将固体和液体 分别进行处理再利用的过程，其包括以下步骤：
[0011] (1)、将猪舍内的猪粪便及冲洗水统一收集在粪池内。
[0012] (2)、将粪池内收集到的猪粪便及冲洗水输送到分离机中进行固液分离。
[0013] (3)、将上步分离到的液体输送到沼气池内，固体输送到振动分离机上进行振动脱 水和打散固体粪便;脱出的粪水输送到沼气池内；打散后的粪便输送到堆放场地集中堆放。 所述的集中堆放在堆放场地中的打散后粪便，堆放自然发酵作为有机肥，或直接对外销售， 也可运送至苗木基地及蔬菜基地作为底肥和追肥，客户特别喜欢用该粪便用于作物的种 植，堆放场地中的打散后粪便还进一步加入打碎成1厘米以下碎粒的草根和/或秸秆，粪便 与草根和/或秸秆的重量比为3: (0.1-1)，草根和秸杆可以随意混合。
[00M] (4)、将沼气池中排出的液体输送到储存池中，沼气池的位置高于储存池的位置， 利于沼气池中物料的排放，避免沼气池堵塞;沼气池产生的沼气作为能源使用，例如用于点 灯，烧菜煮饭，或作为其它加热能源用。
[0015] (5)、将储存池中的液体输送到过滤机中进行过滤;过滤得到的沉淀输送到振动分 离机上；过滤得到的液体经过一级氧化池和二级氧化池处理后输送到植物生化池内，一级 氧化池和二级氧化池都充入氧气，可以直接用鼓风机将空气通入。
[0016] (6)、将植物生化池中的液体用于农作物灌溉。
[0017]所述的植物生化池中养有能在任何污水中都生长良好、繁殖旺盛的植物，例如:水 葫芦。
[0018]所述的堆放场地上空设有遮阳挡雨装置，防止打散后的粪便被雨淋湿粘结，影响 透风性，会产生臭味。
[0019]上述猪粪便的处理方法，去处理过程中采用的装置包括粪池、分离机、振动分离 机、堆放场地、沼气池、储存池、过滤机、一级氧化池、二级氧化池和植物生化池，粪池通过安 装有水栗的管道连接至分离机入口，分离机出液体口连接沼气池投料口，分离机出固体口 连接振动分离机，振动分离机下部设有液体可流通至沼气池内的通道，振动分离机将固体 粪便打散，打散后的粪便被输送到堆放场地集中堆放;沼气池出口连通储存池，储存池通 过管道连接过滤机入口，过滤机出口连通一级氧化池和二级氧化池后，再连通植物生化池。 [0020] 所述的振动分离机，包括筛网床、筛网床架、支座和皮带轮，筛网床安装在筛网床 架上部，筛网床架下部铰接有固定在地面的铰接座，筛网床上安装有筛网，筛网末端设有导 流口，筛网下部的筛网床安装有粪水导流板，粪水导流板末端设有粪水出口，筛网床通过摇 臂与偏心轴连接，偏心轴通过偏心转轴座安装在支座上，偏心轴中间安装有通过电机由皮 带传动的皮带轮。
[0021 ] 所述的筛网床架由軔性好的相思木制成，可对筛网床工作时进行缓冲，使筛网床 平稳的做往复运动。
[0022] 所述的筛网与水平地面的角度为25-35度。
[0023] 所述的相思树，别名：相思树、台湾柳;学名:Acacia confusa (相思树）、Acacia mangium (直干相思树）、Acaciaauriculiformis耳荚相思树)A. mangium Willd(马占相 思）；科属:含羞草科金合欢属;原产台湾省，福建、广东、广西、海南皆有栽培。喜光，根深材 韧，抗风力强，根系发达，具根瘤，能固定大气中的游离氮，萌芽力强，生长较快，对土壤要求 不严，耐干旱瘠薄，病虫害少。是荒山造林的先锋树种，又是防护林、水土保持林、薪炭林、四 旁绿化的主要树种，当前也用于石场复绿、山坡绿化、生态绿化等，直接用种子撒播。
[0024] 所述的水葫芦(Water Hyacinth)，又名凤眼莲、水浮莲、布袋莲、凤眼蓝。拉丁学 名:Eichhorniacrassipes，属雨久花科凤眼莲属。原产南美，1901年为了解决饲养生猪饲料 不足被引入中国，水葫芦的繁殖速度极快，它以每周繁殖一倍的速度滋生，在中国南部水域 广为生长，成为外来物种侵害的典型代表之一。水葫芦因每叶有泡囊承担叶花的重量悬浮 于水面生长，其须根发达，靠根毛吸收养分，主根(肉根)分蘖下一代。叶单生，叶片基本为荷 叶状，叶顶端微凹，圆形略扁;秆(莖)灰色，泡囊稍带点红色，嫩根为白色，老根偏黑色;花为 浅蓝色，呈多棱喇叭，花瓣上生有黄色斑点，看上去像凤眼，也像孔雀羽翎尾端的花点，非常 耀眼、靓丽。水葫芦繁殖能力很强，就是因为太强了，覆盖在整个湖面，使得水中的其他植物 不能进行光合作用，而水中的动物没有得到充分的空气与食物，不能够维持水中的生态平 衡;甚至有时会堵塞水道。
[0025] 本发明的有益效果是：
[0026] 1、本发明的猪粪便的处理方法是将固体和液体分别进行处理再利用，改变了传统 集中发酵的方式，提高了利用率，具有更高的经济效益。猪粪便得到综合利用，成本低，减少 环境污染，具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。
[0027] 2、本发明处理后的类便用于制备有机肥，或直接对外销售，也可运送至苗木基地 及蔬菜基地作为底肥和追肥，客户特别喜欢用该粪便用于作物的种植。猪粪便分离得到的 液体先用于发酵产生沼气，满足秋冬季节保育舍地暖保温及基地生活区用气，也可为周边 部分农户供气，或沼气发电；最终实现绿色生态养殖、优质有机肥生产及安全放心蔬菜瓜 果种植产业齐头并进的良好局面，既保障了环保养殖、降低排放，又实现了种养平衡、变废 为宝;可较大限度的解决养殖污染，并且能够实现生猪养殖场效益的最大化，较大程度解决 了生猪养殖废水和固体废弃物难于处理的问题。
[0028] 3、猪粪便分离得到的液体经过沼气池发酵，再经过一级氧化池和二级氧化池等一 系列处理后，最后输送到养水葫芦的植物生化池内，水葫芦吸收掉植物生化池内的部分养 分，并使植物生化池绝氧，植物生化池内的液体澄清后用于农作物灌溉，减少二次污染。
附图说明
[0029]图1为本发明使用装置的流程图；
[0030]图2为采用的振动分离机的结构示意图；
[0031]图3为图2的俯视图；
[0032]图中的名称及序号为：
[0033]粪池1，分离机2，振动分离机3，堆放场地4，沼气池5，储存池6，过滤机7，一级氧化 池8,二级氧化池9,植物生化池10,筛网床11，筛网12,导流口 13,粪水出口 14,筛网床架15， 铰接座I6,粪水导流板I7,电机18,支座19,皮带轮20,偏心转轴座21，摇臂22,偏心轴23。
具体实施方式
[0034]为了更加详细的介绍本发明，下面结合实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。
[0035]本发明的猪粪便的处理方法，是将猪粪便及冲洗水进行收集，再将固体和液体分 别进行处理再利用的过程，其包括以下步骤：
[0036] (1)、将猪舍内的猪粪便及冲洗水统一收集在粪池丨内。
[0037] (2)、将粪池1内收集到的猪粪便及冲洗水输送到分离机2中进行固液分离。
[0038] (3)、将上步分离到的液体输送到沼气池5内，固体输送到振动分离机3上进行振动 脱水和打散固体粪便;脱出的粪水输送到沼气池5内；打散后的粪便输送到堆放场地4集中 堆放。
[0039] ⑷、将沼气池5中排出的液体输送到储存池6中，沼气池5的位置高于储存池6的位 置。
[00^0] (5)、将储存池6中的液体输送到过滤机7中进行过滤;过滤得到的沉淀输送到振动 分离机3上;过滤得到的液体经过一级氧化池8和二级氧化池9处理后输送到植物生化池1〇 内。
[0041] (6)、将植物生化池1〇中的液体用于农作物灌溉。
[0042] 所述的集中堆放在堆放场地4中的打散后的粪便，自然堆放发酵，作为有机肥。
[0043] 所述的植物生化池1〇中养有能在任何污水中都生长良好、繁殖旺盛的植物，例如： 水葫芦。
[0044]所述的堆放场地4上空设有遮阳挡雨装置。 L〇〇45]所述的猪粪便的处理方法，其处理过程中采用的装置包括粪池丨、分离机2、振动分 离机3、堆放场地4、沼气池5、储存池6、过滤机7、一级氧化池8、二级氧化池9和植物生化池 10,粪池1通过安装有水泵的管道连接至分离机2入口，分离机2出液体口连接沼气池5投料 口，分离机2出固体口连接振动分离机3,振动分离机3下部设有液体可流通至沼气池5内的 通道，振动分离机3将固体粪便打散，打散后的粪便被输送到堆放场地4集中堆放;沼气池5 出口连通储存池6，储存池6通过管道连接过滤机7入口，过滤机7出口连通一级氧化池8和二 级氧化池9后，再连通植物生化池10。
[0046]所述的振动分离机3,包括筛网床11、筛网床架IS、支座I9和皮带轮20,筛网床1丄安 装在筛网床架15上部，筛网床架I5下部铰接有固定在地面的铰接座16,筛网床11上安装有 筛网12,筛网I2末端设有导流口 13,筛网12下部的筛网床11安装有粪水导流板17,粪水导流 板17末端设有粪水出口 14,筛网床11通过摇臂22与偏心轴23连接，偏心轴23通过偏心转轴 座21安装在支座19上，偏心轴23中间安装有通过电机18由皮带传动的皮带轮20。
[0047]所述的筛网床架15由軔性好的相思木制成。
[0048]所述的筛网12与水平地面的角度为25-35度。
[0049] 应用实施例
[0050] 1、广西贵港市某养猪场，为当地养猪大户，每天都产生大量的粪便和冲洗水，该养 猪场使用传统的粪便处理方法，很难处理完粪便，只能堆放，产生了很大的臭味，引来了很 多蚊子和苍蝇，极大影响了养猪环境，粪便也难卖到好的价钱；自该养猪场使用本发明的方 法及装置处理粪便和冲洗水后，能消耗掉产生大量的粪便和冲洗水，打散后的粪便输送到 堆放场地集中堆放，到种植季节再卖出，液体粪便经过上述一系列处理后，抽送喷淋速生 桉，速生桉快速生长，不需施化肥;基本上没有臭味，极大的改善了养猪环境。在改善养猪环 境的同时，粪便还能卖好价钱，比使用传统方法处理的粪便价格高出一倍，实现生猪养殖场 效益的最大化，较大程度解决了生猪养殖废水和固体废弃物难于处理的问题。
[0051] 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述实例，本技术领域的普 通技术人员，在本发明的实质范围内，作出的变化、改型、添加或替换，都应属于本发明的保 护范围。
Claims (1)
1.猪粪便的处理方法，其特征在于:是先将猪粪便及冲洗水进行收集，再将固体和液体 分别进行处理再利用的过程，其步骤为： 第一步、将猪舍内的猪粪便及冲洗水统一收集在粪池（1)内； 第二步、将粪池（1)内收集到的猪粪便及冲洗水输送到分离机(2)中进行固液分离； 第三步、将上步分离到的液体输送到沼气池（5)内，固体输送到振动分离机(3)上进行 振动脱水和打散固体粪便;脱出的粪水输送到沼气池(5)内；打散后的粪便输送到堆放场地 (4)集中堆放，并加入打碎成1厘米以下碎粒的草根和/或稻秆自然发酵，異便与草根和/或 秸杆的重量比为3: (0.1-1); 第四步、将沼气池(5)中排出的液体输送到储存池(6)中，沼气池(5)的位置高于储存池 (6)的位置； 第五步、将储存池(6)中的液体输送到过滤机(7)中进行过滤;过滤得到的沉淀输送到 振动分离机(3)上;过滤得到的液体经过一级氧化池(8)和二级氧化池(9)处理后输送到植 物生化池（10)内； 第六步、将植物生化池(10)中的液体用于农作物灌溉； 处理过程中采用的装置包括粪池（1)、分离机(2)、振动分离机(3)、堆放场地(4)、沼气 池(5)、储存池(6)、过滤机(7)、一级氧化池(8)、二级氧化池⑼和植物生化池（1〇)，粪池（1) 通过安装有水泵的管道连接至分离机(2)入口，分离机(2)出液体口连接沼气池(5)投料口， 分离机(2)出固体口连接振动分离机(3)，振动分离机(3)下部设有液体可流通至沼气池(5) 内的通道，振动分离机(3)将固体粪便打散，打散后的粪便被输送到堆放场地(4)集中堆放； 沼气池(5)出口连通储存池(6)，储存池(6)通过管道连接过滤机(7)入口，过滤机(7)出口连 通一级氧化池(8)和二级氧化池(9)后，再连通植物生化池（1〇); 所述的振动分离机(3)，包括筛网床(11)、筛网床架（15)、支座（19)和皮带轮(20)，筛网 床（11)安装在筛网床架（I5)上部，筛网床架（15)下部较接有固定在地面的铰接座（16)，筛 网床（11)上安装有筛网（I2)，筛网（12)末端设有导流口（13)，筛网（12)下部的筛网床（11) 安装有粪水导流板（I7)，粪水导流板（17)末端设有粪水出口（14)，筛网床（11)通过摇臂 (22)与偏心轴(2¾连接，偏心轴Q3)通过偏心转轴座(21)安装在支座（19)上，偏心轴(23) 中间安装有通过电机(18)由皮带传动的皮带轮(2〇);所述的筛网床架（15)由韧性好的相思 木制成，可对筛网床工作时进行缓冲，使筛网床平稳的做往复运动;所述的筛网（12)与水平 地面的角度为25-35度； 所述的植物生化池（10)中养有能在任何污水中都生长良好、繁殖旺盛的植物； 所述的堆放场地(4)上空设有遮阳挡雨装置，防止打散后的粪便被雨淋湿粘结，影响透 风性，会产生臭味。
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