CN105406700A - Photovoltaic inverter bus capacitance pressure equalization and bus overvoltage protection control circuit and system - Google Patents

Photovoltaic inverter bus capacitance pressure equalization and bus overvoltage protection control circuit and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105406700A
CN105406700A CN201510976311.6A CN201510976311A CN105406700A CN 105406700 A CN105406700 A CN 105406700A CN 201510976311 A CN201510976311 A CN 201510976311A CN 105406700 A CN105406700 A CN 105406700A
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China
Prior art keywords
bus
triode
voltage
capacitance
module
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CN201510976311.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴昌宏
舒杰
王浩
张继元
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Priority to CN201510976311.6A priority Critical patent/CN105406700A/en
Publication of CN105406700A publication Critical patent/CN105406700A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic inverter bus capacitance pressure equalization and bus overvoltage protection control circuit, which comprises a boosting module, an inversion module, an anode bus, a cathode bus, a bus capacitance group, a capacitance and voltage equalization module and an overvoltage protection module, wherein the boosting module is electrically connected with a photovoltaic array; the inversion module is electrically connected with a municipal electric network; the anode bus and the cathode bus are connected with the boosting module and the inversion module; the bus capacitance group comprises at least one group of serial capacitors, and each group of serial capacitors is connected between the anode bus and the cathode bus in parallel; the capacitance and voltage equalization module is connected between the anode bus and the cathode bus in parallel for equalizing the voltage of each capacitor of the bus capacitance group; and the overvoltage protection module is used for detecting voltage between the cathode bus and the anode bus, and when the voltage exceeds a set value, the voltage is fed back to the boosting module to lower the output voltage of the boosting module. The protection circuit is simple, and can realize capacitance and voltage equalization without complex control circuits, the capacitance and voltage equalization is a self-balancing process, and a hardware protection circuit can carry out high and low voltage isolation, quickly responds to bus voltage and has a reliable protection measure.

Description

A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter technical field, be specifically related to a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor and all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit.
Background technology
In photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, need to be connected with inversion unit by DC bus, DC bus provides the pulsating current of amplitude to inverter, and produces pulsating voltage on bus, therefore needs electric capacity to DC bus as support.Amplitude pulsating current on bus capacitor dominant absorption DC bus, makes input voltage fluctuation remain on allowed band.Simultaneously bus capacitor is as the buffering between photovoltaic input power and grid-connected power output, realizes input energy and exports the balance of energy, is the necessary element of input direct-current power and output AC power decoupled.The reliability of bus capacitor directly affects the reliability of inverter work, becomes an important ring of inverter performance.
In photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, because DC bus operating voltage is higher, and the electric capacity of this voltage withstand class is not easy type selecting, usually two withstand voltage lower, withstand voltage electrochemical capacitors identical with capacity are carried out connecting and many groups carry out mode in parallel, make total voltage adapt to bus operating voltage grade.Due to the individual difference of electric capacity, in inverter work, the voltage on two derided capacitors can be different, and the high voltage of voltage is low, and the withstand voltage that may exceed electric capacity that voltage is high, causes the damage of electric capacity.In prior art, usually take the method for directly in parallel identical respectively in two series capacitances resistance, hold upper too much energy by resistance consumption power down, suppress too high voltages with this, but the voltage that the method can not realize on electric capacity is impartial.
Middle low power photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter generally adopts boosting to add the two stage power topology of inversion; busbar voltage is carried out boosting by prime booster circuit to photovoltaic input and is obtained; usual bus overvoltage protection is realized by program software; and lacking corresponding hardware protection circuit, in fact software protection response speed is relatively slow.For the problems referred to above, prior art need to improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter protective circuit realizing the equilibrium of each capacitance voltage and busbar voltage overvoltage protection is provided.
For reaching the object of foregoing invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit; include the boost module be electrically connected with photovoltaic array, the inversion module be electrically connected with utility grid and the positive electrode bus being connected above-mentioned module and negative electrode bus, also include:
Bus capacitor group, comprises at least one group of series capacitor bank, and each group series capacitor bank is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus and negative electrode bus;
Capacitance voltage balance module, it is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus and negative electrode bus, in order to each condenser voltage of balanced bus capacitor group;
Overvoltage protective module, in order to detect the voltage between both positive and negative polarity bus, when voltage exceedes set point by feeding back boost module to reduce its output voltage.
Further, the concurrent end of each group of series capacitance of described bus capacitor group is connected, also include the first resistance for dissipation and the second resistance for dissipation, one end of first resistance for dissipation connects negative electrode bus, the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance, one end of second resistance for dissipation connects positive electrode bus, and the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance.
Further, described capacitance voltage balance module includes the first triode and the second triode, first triode is NPN type triode, second triode is PNP type triode, the emitter of the first triode is connected with the emitter concurrent of Second-Type triode, and be connected with the series capacitance concurrent end of bus capacitor group (11), the collector electrode of the first triode is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus, the collector electrode of the second triode is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with negative electrode bus, the base stage of the first triode and the base stage of the second triode are electrically connected at A concurrent end, this concurrent end separates two-way, be in series with respectively after at least one resistance with positive electrode bus, negative electrode bus is electrically connected.
Further, described overvoltage protective module includes the 3rd triode, photoelectrical coupler and comparator, described 3rd transistor emitter is connected with negative electrode bus electric wire, the collector electrode of the 3rd triode is connected after at least one resistor and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus after the light-emitting diode of photoelectrical coupler, light-emitting diode and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the first capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, connect again after the base series voltage stabilizing didoe of the 3rd triode after at least one resistor and be electrically connected with positive electrode bus, voltage stabilizing didoe and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the second capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, external first feeder ear of collector electrode of the phototriode of described photoelectrical coupler, emitter is electrically connected the negative input pin of comparator, the output pin of comparator, to boost module output enable signal, is also connected with regenerative circuit between output pin and positive input pin.
Further; described regenerative circuit is: the output pin of comparator is connected after the first feedback resistance, again differential concatenation diode and is electrically connected with the positive input pin of comparator; diode and the concurrent end of positive input pin are also connected after the second feedback resistance and are connected the second feeder ear, are also in series with protection electric capacity between positive input pin and earth terminal.
Further, the 3rd capacitance resistance parallel circuits is in series with between the emitter of described phototriode and earth terminal.
A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention is all pressed and the following technique effect of bus overvoltage protecting control circuit realiration:
1. circuit is simple, and the control circuit without the need to complexity just can realize the equilibrium of capacitance voltage, and the equilibrium of capacitance voltage is self-balancing process.
2. hardware protection circuit possesses high-low pressure isolation, to busbar voltage response fast, possesses reliable safeguard measure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention is all pressed and the principle schematic of bus overvoltage protecting control circuit.
Fig. 2 is that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention is all pressed and the circuit diagram of bus overvoltage protecting control circuit;
Embodiment
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 1 to be respectively photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention and all to press and the principle schematic of bus overvoltage protecting control circuit.
A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor of the present invention is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit 10; include the boost module 14 be electrically connected with photovoltaic array 20, the inversion module 15 be electrically connected with utility grid 30 and the positive electrode bus being connected above-mentioned module and negative electrode bus, also include:
Bus capacitor group 11, comprises at least one group of series capacitor bank, and each group series capacitor bank is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus BUS+ and negative electrode bus BUS-;
Capacitance voltage balance module 12, it is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus BUS+ and negative electrode bus BUS-, in order to each condenser voltage of balanced bus capacitor group;
Overvoltage protective module 13, in order to detect the voltage between both positive and negative polarity bus BUS+, BUS+, when voltage exceedes set point by feeding back boost module 14 to reduce its output voltage.
Please refer to Fig. 2, the concurrent end of each group of series capacitance of described bus capacitor group 11 is in series, the concurrent end of above-mentioned series capacitance is labeled as BUSN concurrent end in the present embodiment, also include the first resistance for dissipation R40 and the second resistance for dissipation R15, one end of first resistance for dissipation R40 connects negative electrode bus BUS-, the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance, and one end of the second resistance for dissipation R15 connects positive electrode bus BUS+, and the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance.
Described capacitance voltage balance module 12 includes the first triode Q1 and the second triode Q6, first triode Q1 is NPN type triode, second triode Q6 is PNP type triode, the emitter of the first triode Q1 is connected with the emitter concurrent of Second-Type triode Q6, and be connected with the series capacitance concurrent end of bus capacitor group (11), the collector electrode of the first triode Q1 is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus BUS+, the collector electrode of the second triode Q6 is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with negative electrode bus BUS-, the base stage of the first triode Q1 and the base stage of the second triode Q6 are electrically connected at A concurrent end, this A concurrent end separates two-way, be in series with respectively after at least one resistance with positive electrode bus BUS+, negative electrode bus BUS-is electrically connected.
In the present embodiment, after A concurrent end is divided into two-way, one tunnel is in series with the first equalizing resistance R2 and is connected with positive electrode bus with after the second equalizing resistance R9, another road series connection the 3rd equalizing resistance R43 is connected with negative electrode bus with after the 4th equalizing resistance R50, the voltage of A concurrent end through first to fourth equalizing resistance R2, R9, R43, R50 dividing potential drop, so the voltage of A concurrent end is Vbus/2.Circuit working principle is, according to the voltage difference of A concurrent end and BUSN concurrent end, above-mentioned voltage difference is added on the base-emitter of first, second triode Q1, Q6, makes corresponding triode ON, forms capacitor charge and discharge loop.Concrete, if the electric capacity between positive electrode bus BUS+ and BUSN concurrent end is designated as Ca, its voltage is that the electric capacity between Va, BUSN and negative electrode bus BUS-is designated as Cb, and its voltage is Vb.When series capacitance voltage does not wait, if Va is greater than Vb, i.e. Va > Vbus/2, i.e. Vb < Vbus/2, now the first triode Q1 conducting, second triode Q6 turns off, busbar voltage is that electric capacity Cb charges through the series resistance of the first triode Q1 collector electrode and the first triode Q1, voltage Vb raises, simultaneously electric capacity Ca discharges through the series resistance of the first triode Q1 collector electrode and triode Q1, and voltage Va reduces, until Va and Vb is equal, namely be Vbus/2, now the first triode Q1 turns off.Otherwise, when Va is less than Vb, second triode Q6 conducting, the first triode Q1 turn off, busbar voltage is that electric capacity Ca charges through the series resistance of the second triode Q6 collector electrode and the second triode Q6, voltage Va raises, simultaneously electric capacity Cb discharge through the series resistance of the second triode Q6 collector electrode and the second triode Q6, and voltage Vb reduces, and final voltage reaches equilibrium.
Described overvoltage protective module 13 includes the 3rd triode Q7, photoelectrical coupler and comparator U2A, described 3rd triode Q7 emitter is connected with negative electrode bus electric wire, the collector electrode of the 3rd triode Q7 is connected after at least one resistor and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus after the light-emitting diode U1A of photoelectrical coupler, light-emitting diode U1A and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the first capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, connect again after the base series voltage stabilizing didoe D2 of the 3rd triode Q7 after at least one resistor and be electrically connected with positive electrode bus, voltage stabilizing didoe D2 and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the second capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, external first feeder ear of collector electrode of the phototriode U1B of described photoelectrical coupler, emitter is electrically connected the negative input pin 2 of comparator U2A, the output pin 1 of comparator U2A, to boost module 14 output enable signal, is also connected with regenerative circuit between output pin 1 and positive input pin 3.
Described regenerative circuit is: the output pin 1 of comparator U2A is connected after the first feedback resistance R55, again differential concatenation diode D3 and is electrically connected with the positive input pin 3 of comparator U2A; diode D3 and the concurrent end of positive input pin 3 are also connected after the second feedback resistance R54 and are connected the second feeder ear, be also in series with and protect electric capacity C45 between positive input pin 3 and earth terminal.
The 3rd capacitance resistance parallel circuits is in series with between the emitter of described phototriode U1B and earth terminal.
In overvoltage protective module; overtension when between both positive and negative polarity bus BUS+, BUS-; make the 3rd triode Q7 conducting; the then light-emitting diode U1A electrified light emitting of photoelectrical coupler; i.e. photoelectrical coupler conducting, and phototriode U1B exports the negative input pin of high level to comparator U2, makes comparator output pin 1 export 0 for low level enable signal OV; enable signal OV is as the enable signal of boost module 14, and low level blocks the pwm pulse of boost module 14.
Above-described embodiment only in order to the present invention is described and and unrestricted technical scheme described in the invention; Therefore, although this specification with reference to each above-mentioned embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and still can modify to the present invention or equivalent to replace; And all do not depart from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit; the positive electrode bus and the negative electrode bus that include the boost module (14) be electrically connected with photovoltaic array, the inversion module (15) be electrically connected with utility grid and be connected above-mentioned module, is characterized in that: also include:
Bus capacitor group (11), comprises at least one group of series capacitor bank, and each group series capacitor bank is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus and negative electrode bus;
Capacitance voltage balance module (12), it is connected in parallel between positive electrode bus and negative electrode bus, in order to each condenser voltage of balanced bus capacitor group;
Overvoltage protective module (13), in order to detect the voltage between both positive and negative polarity bus, when voltage exceedes set point by feeding back boost module (14) to reduce its output voltage.
2. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor according to claim 1 is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit; it is characterized in that: the concurrent end of each group of series capacitance of described bus capacitor group (11) is connected; also include the first resistance for dissipation (R40) and the second resistance for dissipation (R15); one end of first resistance for dissipation (R40) connects negative electrode bus; the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance; one end of second resistance for dissipation (R15) connects positive electrode bus, and the other end connects the concurrent end of series capacitance.
3. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor according to claim 1 and 2 is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit, it is characterized in that: described capacitance voltage balance module (12) includes the first triode (Q1) and the second triode (Q6), first triode (Q1) is NPN type triode, second triode (Q6) is PNP type triode, the emitter of the first triode (Q1) is connected with the emitter concurrent of Second-Type triode (Q6), and be connected with the series capacitance concurrent end of bus capacitor group (11), the collector electrode of the first triode (Q1) is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus, the collector electrode of the second triode (Q6) is connected after at least one resistance and is electrically connected with negative electrode bus, the base stage of the first triode (Q1) and the base stage of the second triode (Q6) are electrically connected at A concurrent end, this concurrent end (A) separates two-way, be in series with respectively after at least one resistance with positive electrode bus, negative electrode bus is electrically connected.
4. the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor according to claims 1 to 3 any one is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit, it is characterized in that: described overvoltage protective module (13) includes the 3rd triode (Q7), photoelectrical coupler and comparator (U2A), described 3rd triode (Q7) emitter is connected with negative electrode bus electric wire, the collector electrode of the 3rd triode (Q7) is connected after at least one resistor and is electrically connected with positive electrode bus after the light-emitting diode (U1A) of photoelectrical coupler, light-emitting diode (U1A) and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the first capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, connect again after the base series voltage stabilizing didoe (D2) of the 3rd triode (Q7) after at least one resistor and be electrically connected with positive electrode bus, voltage stabilizing didoe (D2) and the concurrent end of resistor also separate a road and connect after the second capacitance resistance parallel circuits and be connected with negative electrode bus, external first feeder ear of collector electrode of the phototriode (U1B) of described photoelectrical coupler, emitter is electrically connected the negative input pin (2) of comparator (U2A), the output pin (1) of comparator (U2A), to boost module (14) output enable signal, is also connected with regenerative circuit between output pin (1) and positive input pin (3).
5. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor according to claim 4 is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit, it is characterized in that: described regenerative circuit is: the output pin (1) of comparator (U2A) is connected the first feedback resistance (R55), differential concatenation diode (D3) is electrically connected with the positive input pin (3) of comparator (U2A) afterwards again, diode (D3) and the concurrent end of positive input pin (3) the second feedback resistance (R54) of also connecting is connected the second feeder ear afterwards, also be in series with between positive input pin (3) and earth terminal and protect electric capacity C45.
6. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor according to claim 5 is all pressed and bus overvoltage protecting control circuit, it is characterized in that: be in series with the 3rd capacitance resistance parallel circuits between the emitter of described phototriode (U1B) and earth terminal.
CN201510976311.6A 2015-12-21 2015-12-21 Photovoltaic inverter bus capacitance pressure equalization and bus overvoltage protection control circuit and system Pending CN105406700A (en)

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CN106771783A (en) * 2017-02-14 2017-05-31 英孚康(浙江)工业技术有限公司 Dc-link capacitance group health monitoring circuit
CN108321772A (en) * 2018-03-05 2018-07-24 广东顺德奥为德科技有限公司 High direct voltage for inverter is electrolysed capacitance intrinsically safe circuit and its control method
WO2019192295A1 (en) * 2018-04-02 2019-10-10 精进电动科技股份有限公司 Motor controller electrical-discharge control circuit
CN111342432A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-26 深圳市禾望科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter main circuit
CN112072911A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-11 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Bus capacitor voltage regulating circuit, frequency converter and air conditioner
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CN113644631A (en) * 2021-09-17 2021-11-12 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Processing method for half bus short circuit

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CN111342432A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-26 深圳市禾望科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter main circuit
CN111342432B (en) * 2020-02-25 2022-01-11 深圳市禾望科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter main circuit
CN112072911A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-11 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Bus capacitor voltage regulating circuit, frequency converter and air conditioner
CN112865281A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-05-28 赣州市正途科技有限公司 Solar power generation and voltage boosting daily-use electrical appliance working circuit
CN112865281B (en) * 2021-01-15 2023-01-24 深圳市威凯特科技有限公司 Solar power generation and voltage boosting daily-use electrical appliance working circuit
CN113644631A (en) * 2021-09-17 2021-11-12 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Processing method for half bus short circuit

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