CN105397410B - A kind of production method of metering orifice plate - Google Patents
A kind of production method of metering orifice plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105397410B CN105397410B CN201510718255.6A CN201510718255A CN105397410B CN 105397410 B CN105397410 B CN 105397410B CN 201510718255 A CN201510718255 A CN 201510718255A CN 105397410 B CN105397410 B CN 105397410B
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- orifice plate
- stainless steel
- carbide ring
- metering orifice
- ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
- G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
- G01F1/42—Orifices or nozzles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of production method of metering orifice plate, and this method includes：Processing stainless steel matrix, processing carbide ring, hot charging, flanging, polishing and grinding.Beneficial effects of the present invention：Metering uses carbide ring, the service life of extension metering orifice plate with orifice plate；The size design and hot charging of processing stainless steel matrix and processing carbide ring are fully mated so that hot charging effect is good, it is therefore prevented that the influence that the accident of carbide ring comes off to measurement result；The good control of hot charging heating temperature so that stainless steel base and carbide ring are not easy to be deformed, it is therefore prevented that because deforming the influence to measurement result；It adds, carries out flanging processing, the wedge angle of protrusion is squeezed into inclined surface, eliminate the negative pressure because there is the wedge angle of protrusion to generate, effectively increase the measuring accuracy of flowmeter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to orifice plate production method, especially with regard to a kind of production method of metering orifice plate.
Background technology
Fluid full of pipeline, when flowing through the metering orifice plate in pipeline, a fluid stream will form local receipts in metering with orifice plate
Contracting, so that flow velocity increases, static pressure reduces, and pressure difference is generated before and after metering is with orifice plate, according to the other property of pressure difference and fluid
Matter can extrapolate flow value, this is the basic principle of differential pressure flowmeter.Fluid flow is bigger, and the pressure difference of generation is bigger, so
The size of flow can be weighed according to pressure difference.Pressure difference it is metered with the size of orifice plate, the roughness of bore area, bottom surface it is thick
The influence of the factors such as rugosity, since the measurement result of pressure difference and flowmeter is closely bound up, the measuring size of metering orifice plate,
The factors such as the sharpness (as shown in Figure 1) of rk, the roughness of bore area, the roughness of bottom surface have directly influenced flowmeter
Measurement accuracy.
Traditional metering is to be machined stainless steel plate with the processing technology of orifice plate.What this technique was processed
Metering orifice plate has outstanding advantage high in machining efficiency.However but there are many defects：
First, the metering orifice plate that traditional handicraft is processed is because material is softer, processes that roughness is low, and sharpness rk is big, into
And be not suitable for using in some environment for needing high measurement accuracy, therefore have and use limitation；
2nd, conventional machining process, the metering orifice plate processed due to be stainless steel material because softer, so very short
Sharpness rk just becomes very big in time, affects the measurement accuracy of flowmeter, and the service life of metering orifice plate is short.
Therefore, change processing technology, metering is processed as carbide ring to improving metering orifice plate with the center of orifice plate
Quality seem urgent and important.Also, when improving the quality of metering orifice plate, it should reach specification with metering orifice plate
Premised on it is required that, basis is provided to improve flow measurement accuracy of measurement.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of production method of metering orifice plate, solves stainless steel base in the prior art and is closed with hard
The problem of riveting amount between Jin Huan is excessive.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：A kind of production method of metering orifice plate, comprises the following steps：
Processing stainless steel matrix：Stainless steel base is made as circular ring structure, and is added on the inner ring surface of stainless steel base
Work goes out interior step, and the marginal position in the upper surface of stainless steel base and inner ring surface processes the wedge angle of protrusion；
Process carbide ring：Hard alloy is made as to the carbide ring contour with stainless steel base, and by described in
The outer ring surface of carbide ring is processed as the shape to match with the inner ring surface of stainless steel base, while in the upper of carbide ring
The marginal position of surface and outer ring surface processes an inclined surface；
Hot charging：Stainless steel base is heated, carbide ring is inserted in the stainless steel base after heating so that no
Rust steel matrix is interference fitted to form metering orifice plate with carbide ring, and carbide ring is centrally formed the interior of metering orifice plate
Hole；
The wedge angle of protrusion is squeezed into the inclined surface of carbide ring by flanging so that the upper plate of metering orifice plate or under
Bottom plate is smooth；
Polishing, desired size is polishing to by metering with the upper plate of orifice plate, lower plate, side surface and endoporus；And
Grinding, being ground processing with the upper plate, lower plate and endoporus of orifice plate to metering makes it meet roughness requirements.
The inner ring surface of stainless steel base is processed interior step to install carbide ring by processing stainless steel matrix, prevent use when because
The excessive carbide ring of fluid impingement force is in stainless steel base internal shift；Process carbide ring, by hard alloy be made as with
The contour carbide ring of stainless steel base, and the outer ring surface of the carbide ring is processed as the inner ring with stainless steel base
The shape that face matches；Hot charging is connected stainless steel base and carbide ring by being interference fitted, good connecting effect,
Reduce because connecting the improper influence to measuring accuracy；The wedge angle of protrusion is squeezed into inclined-plane by flanging, realize stainless steel base with
The riveting of carbide ring, stainless steel base wrap up carbide ring, since metering is blocked with orifice plate suddenly, metering orifice plate
Interior fluid backflows, and will generate negative pressure, and the carbide ring after riveting can be subject to the holding power opposite with negative pressure direction, prevent not
Rust steel matrix is relatively moved with carbide ring, be ensure that the quality of metering orifice plate, is improved measurement accuracy；It is polishing to
Specification so that metering is standardized with orifice plate, facilitates metering；Grinding so that metering is minimum with orifice surface roughness, reduces
Because of the metering excessively coarse influence to measuring accuracy of orifice surface.
Preferably, the metering is 4mm~10mm with the height of orifice plate.The height of metering orifice plate is more than or equal to 4mm,
So that metering gives full play to drainage with orifice plate, provide the foundation for the detection of flowmeter；Metering is less than with the height of orifice plate
Equal to 10mm, while also ensure use of the metering orifice plate in bend pipe.
Preferably, the width of the interior step is 2mm.The width of interior step be more than or equal to 2mm, it is therefore prevented that during use because
With hard alloy relative displacement occurs for the impact force stainless steel base of fluid；The width of interior step is less than or equal to 2mm, while also not
Difficulty can be brought to hot charging.
Preferably, the value range of the diameter of the input end of carbide ring is 30mm~300mm.Ensure that hard closes
The reliability that Jin Huan is connected with stainless steel base interference, while also beat endoporus for carbide ring and provide conditioned basic.
Preferably, heating temperature is 242 DEG C~331 DEG C during the hot charging.Hot charging at such a temperature reduces stainless
The deflection of steel matrix reduces the influence brought because deflection is excessive, while also reduces the difficulty of process below.
Preferably, heating temperature is 300 DEG C during the hot charging.300 DEG C of temperature is optimum heating temperature, is made
It is good to obtain hot charging effect.
Preferably, the wedge angle of the protrusion is 25 °~35 °, the gradient of the inclined surface of carbide ring for 15 °~
25°.The wedge angle of protrusion is more than or equal to 25 °, and the gradient on the inclined-plane of carbide ring is more than or equal to 15 °, has reached stainless base steel
The riveting intensity of body and carbide ring；The wedge angle of protrusion is 35 °, 25 ° of the gradient on the inclined-plane of carbide ring so that stainless
Riveting amount between steel matrix and carbide ring is unlikely to excessive.
Preferably, the wedge angle of the protrusion is 30 °, the gradient of the inclined surface of carbide ring is 20 °.The hot charging
Afterwards, the wedge angle of protrusion is 30 °, and the gradient on the inclined-plane of carbide ring is 20 °, such for most common situation after hot charging.It is right
It is adopted in such angle wedge angle and such gradient inclined-plane and carries out flanging processing, use can be effectively eliminated in the process due to having
Negative pressure and to the influence that flow measurement is brought, eradicating efficacy is best.
Preferably, the process of lapping makes roughness be less than or equal to 0.1um.Milled processed so that roughness is further
It reduces, far below national standard.
Preferably, before the flanging is carried out, clearance seal is carried out, in contact of the stainless steel base with carbide ring
Place adds in elevated-temperature seal fat.Due to the shadows such as the out-of-roundness of stainless steel base and the contact surface of carbide ring, roughness risen it is micro-
Small―gap suture adds in elevated-temperature seal resin in minim gap, can close minim gap, improves the measurement essence of metering orifice plate
Degree.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：Metering, using carbide ring, is extended metering and used with orifice plate
The service life of orifice plate.The length for designing metering orifice plate ensures the realization of detection, while also ensures the use in bend pipe, protects
The accuracy of detection of metering orifice plate is demonstrate,proved；Step in design prevents from occurring due to fluid is too big to the impact force of carbide ring
Relative movement extends the service life of metering orifice plate, also prevents the influence because relative displacement occurs to measurement result, ensures
Measurement accuracy；The outer diameter of the input end of carbide ring is designed, ensures the intensity of interference connection, prolongs the service life, prevent
The accident of carbide ring comes off during use, ensure that measurement accuracy；The heating temperature of hot charging is controlled, prevents from deforming,
It prevents because metering orifice plate deforms the influence to measurement result, improves accuracy of detection；The wedge angle of protrusion is squeezed by flanging
In inclined-plane, the riveting of stainless steel base and carbide ring is realized, stainless steel base wraps up carbide ring, since metering is used
Orifice plate blocks suddenly, and metering is backflowed with fluid in orifice plate, will generate negative pressure, and the carbide ring after riveting can be subject to and negative pressure
The opposite holding power in direction, prevents stainless steel base from being relatively moved with carbide ring, ensure that the matter of metering orifice plate
Amount, improves measurement accuracy；Grinding eliminates influence of the unevenness because of endoporus to measurement result, improves measurement accuracy.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
To obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of metering orifice plate of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing at A in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without creative efforts
Embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the internal diameter of carbide ring 2 is d1, the outer diameter of stainless steel base 1 is d2, metering
It is l with the height of orifice plate.The outer step of carbide ring 2 divides entire carbide ring 2 for inlet end and an outlet end, hard conjunction
A diameter of d of the input end of golden ring 23, the mating surface length of input end is l1, a diameter of d of the port of export of carbide ring 24,
The mating surface length of the port of export is l2。
As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the present invention provides a kind of production method of metering orifice plate.This method comprises the following steps：
Step s1：Circular ring structure is made in stainless steel base 1 by processing stainless steel matrix 1, and in stainless steel base 1
Interior step is processed on anchor ring, and the marginal position in the upper surface of stainless steel base 1 and inner ring surface processes the wedge angle of protrusion.
It polishes the medial surface of stainless steel base 1.Before processing stainless steel matrix 1, following size design should be carried out：
1.1 determine the scope of the height l of metering orifice plate
In order to realize detection, the height l of metering orifice plate is unsuitable too short, not so can not achieve the detection of flow, therefore counts
The height l of amount orifice plate is more than or equal to 4mm.Along with the pipeline due to measurement is generally not absolute straight tube, metering is used
The height l of orifice plate cannot be more than or equal to 10mm.Therefore metering is 4mm~10mm with the value range of the height l of orifice plate.
Step width determines in 1.2
In order to enable carbide ring 2 is relatively moved when being subject to fluid impact with stainless steel base 1, closed in hard
Outer step is designed on the outer ring surface of golden ring 2, step in design, extends metering orifice plate on the inner ring surface of stainless steel base 1
Service life, it is therefore prevented that because influence of the relative displacement to measurement result occurs, improve accuracy of detection.In order to enable interior step rises
To the effect of /V, the width of outer step cannot be too small, along in order not to which interference fit installation is given to bring difficulty, while also making
The enough thickness that has of carbide ring 2 is obtained, therefore it is 2mm wide to design outer step, is d3-d4=2mm.
The endoporus size of 1.3 stainless steel bases 1 determine (be：The diameter d of the input end of carbide ring 23Really
It is fixed)
The outer diameter of conventional stainless steel base 1 is d2Value range for 50mm~400mm, according to mechanics principle, in order to make
It obtains carbide ring 2 and step s2 interference fits effect is good below stainless steel base 1, prevent carbide ring 2 not from stainless
It comes off in steel matrix 1, therefore d3Value should as far as possible take it is small.Therefore, the diameter d of the input end of carbide ring 23Value
Scope is 30mm~300mm.
The design of 1.4 protrusion wedge angles
As shown in Figure 1, in order to ensure the reliability after the flanging of later step s5, stainless steel base 1 upper plate or under
The wedge angle r that bottom plate protrudes above is 25 °~35 °, the wedge angle r that best processing stainless steel matrix 1 is protruded above in upper plate or lower plate
For 30 °.
After size design is good, matrix mold is prepared according to designed size, gets interior stepped locations ready in matrix mold.
Stainless steel is injected in matrix mold, wherein, using the stainless steel of model 1Cr18Ni9Ti, hardness up to 185HB or so,
Have the advantages that corrosion resistance is strong.Injection forms stainless steel base 1.There is the position of interior step in matrix mold, after injection molding
Stainless steel base 1 just have interior step.It polishes the inner ring surface of stainless steel base 1 after injection molding so that stainless
The inner ring surface of steel matrix 1 is smooth, to improve the tightness after being interference fitted.
Step s2：Process carbide ring 2.Hard alloy is made as to the carbide ring contour with stainless steel base 1
2, and the outer ring surface of the carbide ring 2 is processed as the shape to match with the inner ring surface of stainless steel base 1, while hard
The upper surface of matter alloy hoop 2 and the marginal position of outer ring surface process an inclined surface, and the lateral surface of carbide ring 2 is beaten
Mill.Before making prepares 2 mold of carbide ring, following size design is carried out：
The internal diameter d of 2.1 carbide rings 21Determine
As needed, the internal diameter d of carbide ring 21Scope be 3mm~200mm.
The outer step width of the outer ring surface of 2.2 carbide rings determines
Since the outer ring surface of carbide ring and the inner ring surface of stainless steel base match, the width of outer step is equal to
The width 2mm of interior step.
The design of the gradient of the inclined surface of 2.3 carbide rings 2
As shown in Fig. 2, the gradient of the inclined surface of carbide ring 2 is 15 °~25 °, preferably inclining carbide ring 2
The gradient on inclined-plane is processed as 20 °.
After size design is good, 2 mold of carbide ring is prepared, between outer land is got ready according to size in 2 mold of carbide ring
Component level is put.YG20 cemented carbide materials are injected in alloy hoop mold, the hardness of hard alloy is HRA82, using the material system
Make carbide ring 2, not only have the advantages that hardness is big, corrosion resistant, additionally it is possible to extend the service life of orifice plate.After injection molding
Carbide ring 2 just have outer step, which is used to coordinate the interior step of stainless steel base 1.Then again to hard alloy
The outer ring surface of ring 2 is polished, and is reduced because of the coarse generation gap of outer ring surface, to improve the tightness after being interference fitted.
Step s3：Stainless steel base 1 is heated in hot charging, and heating temperature is 242 DEG C~331 DEG C, by carbide ring
2 insert in the stainless steel base 1 after heating so that stainless steel base 1 forms metering hole with the interference fit of carbide ring 2
Plate.As shown in Fig. 2, stainless steel base 1 protrudes above to form wedge angle r in metering with the upper plate or lower plate of orifice plate, wedge angle r is located at
The junction of stainless steel base 1 and carbide ring 2, carbide ring 2 and the contact position of the wedge angle r of stainless steel base 1 are formed
Inclined-plane, the endoporus for being centrally formed metering orifice plate of carbide ring 2.Work should be prepared before hot charging is carried out, to protect
Card hot charging process smoothly completes.Preparation includes：
3.1 check in minimum interference amount σ by mark tablemin=0.2mm, maximum interference amount σmax=0.5mm.
3.2 determine the value range of heating temperature T
In hot charging, in order to which intermediate carbide ring 2 is put into stainless steel base 1, heating temperature T has to be larger than 242
℃；Stainless steel base 1 deforms in heating process in order to prevent, and heating temperature is necessarily less than 331 DEG C.T
Best heating temperature is 300 DEG C, heating temperature will not it is too high will not be too low, and under the heating temperature,
Hot charging effect is best.
3.3 calculate heating time t
The calculation formula of heating time t is
Wherein, d2For the outer diameter of stainless steel base 1, unit mm；d4For the internal diameter unit of the port of export of stainless steel base 1
For mm.Due to d3Value range for 30mm~300mm, therefore d4Value range be 28mm~298mm.
3.4 calculate soaking time t1
Wherein, t is heating time.
Step s4：Clearance seal adds in elevated-temperature seal resin between stainless steel base 1 and carbide ring 2.Carry out
Before flanging, elevated-temperature seal fat is added in the contact position of stainless steel base 1 and carbide ring 2.Due to stainless steel base 1 and hard
The shadows such as out-of-roundness, the roughness of the contact surface of alloy hoop 2 have played minim gap, and elevated-temperature seal resin is added in minim gap,
Minim gap can be closed, improve the measurement accuracy of metering orifice plate.
Step s5：The wedge angle r of protrusion is squeezed into the inclined surface of carbide ring 2 by flanging.
Since metering with the value range that the height of orifice plate is l is 4mm~10mm, the outside diameter d of carbide ring3Value
Scope is 30mm~300mm, and l is far smaller than 0.8 times of d3.The disengaging of carbide ring in order to prevent, interference connection research table
Show：L should be more than or equal to 0.8 times of d3, but special construction and effect due to metering orifice plate, it can not meet the condition,
Therefore the disengaging of carbide ring must carry out flanging processing in order to prevent.
Step s6：Polishing, desired size is polishing to by metering with the upper plate of orifice plate, lower plate, side surface and endoporus.It beats
It is milled to specification so that metering is standardized with orifice plate, facilitates metering.
Step s7：Grinding, is ground processing with the upper plate, lower plate and inner hole wall of orifice plate to metering and reaches slightly
Rugosity.So that metering is minimum with orifice surface roughness, reduction should measure excessively coarse to measuring accuracy with orifice surface for grinding
Influence.Process of lapping makes roughness be less than or equal to 0.1um.The roughness is much smaller than national standard 0.004dm, improves two
Measure several levels.
1 convenience of processing stainless steel matrix of the present invention, stainless steel base 1 is by mold injection molding, with regard to platform in tool after shaping
Rank, it is easily manufactured；Interior step prevents carbide ring 2 from 1 internal shift of stainless steel base, avoiding installing carbide ring 2
Because carbide ring 2 shifts the influence to the measurement result of flowmeter；Polishing to 1 medial surface of stainless steel base, reduce because
The coarse generation gap of medial surface；Flanging prevents coming off for carbide ring 2.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements are made should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of production method of metering orifice plate, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：
Processing stainless steel matrix：Stainless steel base is made as circular ring structure, and is processed on the inner ring surface of stainless steel base
Interior step, and the marginal position in the upper surface of stainless steel base and inner ring surface processes the wedge angle of protrusion；
Process carbide ring：Hard alloy is made as to the carbide ring contour with stainless steel base, and by the hard
The outer ring surface of alloy hoop is processed as the shape to match with the inner ring surface of stainless steel base, while in the upper surface of carbide ring
An inclined surface is processed with the marginal position of outer ring surface；
Hot charging：Stainless steel base is heated, carbide ring is inserted in the stainless steel base after heating so that stainless steel
Matrix is interference fitted to form metering orifice plate with carbide ring, the endoporus for being centrally formed metering orifice plate of carbide ring；
The wedge angle of protrusion is squeezed into the inclined surface of carbide ring by flanging so that the upper plate or lower plate of metering orifice plate
Smoothly；
Polishing, desired size is polishing to by metering with the upper plate of orifice plate, lower plate, side surface and endoporus；And
Grinding, being ground processing with the upper plate, lower plate and endoporus of orifice plate to metering makes it meet roughness requirements；
The wedge angle of the protrusion is 25 °~35 °, and the gradient of the inclined surface of carbide ring is 15 °~25 °.
2. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metering orifice plate
Highly it is 4mm~10mm.
A kind of 3. production method of metering orifice plate according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the width of the interior step
For 2mm.
4. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the carbide ring
The value range of the diameter of input end is 30mm~300mm.
5. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 4, which is characterized in that add during the hot charging
Hot temperature is 242 DEG C~331 DEG C.
6. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 5, which is characterized in that add during the hot charging
Hot temperature is 300 DEG C.
7. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the wedge angle of the protrusion is
30 °, the gradient of the inclined surface of carbide ring is 20 °.
8. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the process of lapping makes slightly
Rugosity is less than or equal to 0.1um.
9. the production method of a kind of metering orifice plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carrying out the flanging
Before, clearance seal is carried out, elevated-temperature seal fat is added in the contact position of stainless steel base and carbide ring.
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| US4017951A (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1977-04-19 | Hillside Metal Products, Inc. | Method for manufacturing ball bearings having a sintered metal powder outer race |
| CN1646885A (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2005-07-27 | 迪特里奇标准公司 | Averaging orifice primary flow element |
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| US4017951A (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1977-04-19 | Hillside Metal Products, Inc. | Method for manufacturing ball bearings having a sintered metal powder outer race |
| CN1646885A (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2005-07-27 | 迪特里奇标准公司 | Averaging orifice primary flow element |
| CN2741010Y (en) * | 2004-09-05 | 2005-11-16 | 范兴宽 | Abrasion and corrosion resistant ceramic orifice plate of plate flowmeter |
| CN203287055U (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-11-13 | 成都立创模具有限公司 | Pore plate for measuring natural gas |
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