CN105379997A - 一种番鸭精饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种番鸭精饲料,由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣2-5份，芋头5-10份，马铃薯20-25份，红薯30-40份，桃金娘果3-6份，鱼粉10-15份。本发明还公开了一种番鸭精饲料的制备方法。本发明由以马铃薯、红薯为主料，加入红枣、芋头、桃金娘果、鱼粉，经过多工艺制成蛋白质、氨基酸含量高的番鸭精饲料，番鸭肉质鲜美、营养丰富。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家禽饲料与制备方法，具体地说是一种番鸭精饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
家禽饲料常用的种类很多，按营养划分为蛋白质饲料、能量饲料、粗饲料、青绿饲料、青贮饲料、矿物质饲料和饲料添加剂8大种。精饲料又称精料。单位体积或单位重量内含营养成分丰富，粗纤维含量低，消化率高的一类饲料。可分为高能量精料，如禾谷类籽实及加工副产品；高蛋白质精料，如动物性饲料、豆科籽实及其粮油加工副产品
番鸭学名Cairnamoschata，又名香鹑雁，麝香鸭，与一般家鸭同属不同种。番鸭原产于中、南美洲热带地区。番鸭它具有体型大、生长迅速、耐粗饲、易肥育、肉质鲜美、产肝性能好等优点。为进一步提高番鸭的优质肉质，成为营养丰富、口感佳的高端食品，作为饲料选择是个关键，目前，尚未有这方面的报导。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种肉质鲜美、营养丰富、口感佳之番鸭食用的精饲料及其制备方法。
技术方案:一种番鸭精饲料由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣2-5份，芋头5-10份，马铃薯20-25份，红薯30-40份，桃金娘果3-6份，鱼粉10-15份。
优选地，由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣3份，芋头8份，马铃薯22份，红薯35份，桃金娘果5份，鱼粉12份。
一种番鸭精饲料的制备方法如下：
（1）干红枣粉碎成100目筛，
（2）将新鲜桃金娘果压榨，取压榨液待用，桃金娘果渣晒干后粉碎成100目筛，
（3）新鲜芋头、新鲜马铃薯、新鲜红薯磨成粉浆，再将粉浆加鱼粉、红枣粉、桃金娘果渣粉及清水搅拌均匀成稠状、太阳下完全晒干，成块状物；
（4）取块状物加入清水及所述压榨液调成糊状，放入容器中抹平，厚度0.5CM，在锅中蒸熟后切成小块，太阳下完全晒干，包装成品。
有益效果：本发明由于采用了上述技术方案，以马铃薯、红薯为主料，加入红枣、芋头、桃金娘果、鱼粉，经过多工艺制成蛋白质、氨基酸、硒、维生素含量高的番鸭精饲料。番鸭肉质鲜美、营养丰富。
本发明所采用的原料介绍如下：
（1）红枣，又名大枣。特点是维生素含量非常高，有“天然维生素丸”的美誉,具有滋阴补阳，补血之功效。中国的草药书籍「本经」中记载到，红枣味甘性温、脾胃经，有补中益气，养血安神，缓和药性的功能。现代药理研究发现，红枣能使血中含氧量增强、滋养全身细胞，是一种药效缓和的强壮剂。
（2）芋头，拉丁学名Colocasiaesculenta(L.)Schoot芋头又称芋、芋艿，天南星科植物的地下球茎，形状、肉质因品种而异，通常食用的为小芋头。多年生块茎植物，常作一年生作物栽培。叶片盾形，叶柄长而肥大，绿色或紫红色；植株基部形成短缩茎，逐渐累积养分肥大成肉质球茎，称为“芋头”或“母芋”，球形、卵形、椭圆形或块状等。母芋每节都有一个脑芽，但以中下部节位的腋芽活动力最强，发生第一次分蘖，形成小的球茎称为“子芋”，再从子芋发生“孙芋”，在适宜条件下，可形成曾孙或玄孙芋等。据科学测定，每100克芋头含：水分：78.6(克)、灰分：0.9(克)、胡萝卜素：160(毫克)、铁：1(毫克)、热量：79(千卡)：硫胺素：0.06(微克)、钙：36(毫克)、锌：0.49(毫克)、能量：331(千焦)、核黄素：0.05(毫克)、磷：55(毫克)、硒：1.45(微克)、蛋白质：2.2(克)、尼克酸：0.7(毫克)、钾：378(毫克)、铜：0.37(毫克)、脂肪：0.2(克)、维生素C：6(毫克)、：纳：33.1(毫克)、碳水化合物：18.1(克)、维生素E(T)：0.45(毫克)、镁：23(毫克)、膳食纤维：1(克)、维生素A：27(毫克)、锰：0.3(毫克)。
（3）马铃薯，（学名：Solanumtuberosum），属茄科多年生草本植物，块茎可供食用，是全球第四大重要的粮食作物，仅次于小麦、稻谷和玉米。马铃薯又称地蛋、土豆、洋山芋等，新鲜马铃薯中所含成分：淀粉9～20%，蛋白质1.5～2.3%，脂肪0.1～1.1%，粗纤维0.6～0.8%。100g马铃薯中所含的营养成分：能量318千焦，钙5～8mg，磷15～40mg，铁0.4mg～0.8mg，钾200~340mg,碘0.8~1.2，胡萝卜素12~30mg，硫胺素0.03～0.08mg，核黄素0.01～0.04mg，尼克酸0.4～1.1mg。
马铃薯块茎含有大量的淀粉。淀粉是食用马铃薯的主要能量来源。-一般早熟种马铃薯含有11%～14%的淀粉，中晚熟种含有14%～20%的淀粉，高淀粉品种的块茎可达25%以上。块茎还含有葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖等。
（4）红薯，（拉丁学名：Ipomoeabatatas）原名番薯又名红芋、甘薯。红薯块根中含有60%-80%的水分，10%-30%的淀粉，5%左右的糖分及少量蛋白质、油脂、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、灰分等，若以2.5Kg鲜红薯折成0.5Kg粮食计算，其营养成分除脂肪外，蛋白质、碳水化合物等含量都比大米、面粉高，且红薯中蛋白质组成比较合理，必需氨基酸含量高，特别是粮谷类食品中比较缺乏的赖氨酸在红薯中含量较高。此外红薯中含有丰富的维生素（胡萝卜素、维生素A、B、C、E），其淀粉也很容易吸收。
（5）桃金娘，（拉丁学名：Rhodomyrtustomentosa），别名：哆尼、岗菍、山菍、多莲、当梨根、稔子树、豆稔、仲尼、乌肚子、桃舅娘、当泥。.桃金娘科、桃金娘属灌木，高可达2米；叶对生，革质，片椭圆形或倒卵形，花常单生，紫红色，萼管倒卵形，萼裂片近圆形，花瓣倒卵形，雄蕊红色，浆果卵状壶形，熟时紫黑色；花期4-5月。夏日花开，绚丽多彩，灿若红霞，边开花边结果。成熟果可食，也可酿酒，是鸟类的天然食源。用于园林绿化、生态环境建设、是山坡复绿、水土保持的常绿灌木。果可食用，全株供药用，有活血通络，收敛止泻，补虚止血的功效。
化学成分：桃金娘果实含有较为全面的营养成分，其中含粗脂肪7.97%、粗蛋白6.21%、粗纤维34.97%、木质素31.76%、总糖18.53t%、还原糖15.52%、维生素C28.8%、维生素H10.19mg/100g、S-胡萝卜素0.388mg/100g，更有丰富的氨基酸，其中天门氡氨酸含量高达124.7mg/L、缬氨酸71.7mg/L、色氨酸44.2mg/L、丙氨酸43.9mg/L、谷氨酸42.7mg/L，而多种人体所需的矿物质中，钙、镁更高达56.10μg/g，果实的构成糖中大量的为中性单糖，尤其在鲜果中含有更高的果胶多糖。
（6）鱼粉，鱼粉用一种或多种鱼类为原料，经去油、脱水、粉碎加工后的高蛋白质饲料原料。鱼粉中不含纤维素等难于消化的物质,粗脂肪含量高，鱼粉的有效能值高，生产中以鱼粉为原料很容易配成高能量饲料。鱼粉是良好的矿物质来源，钙、磷的含量很高，且比例适宜，所有磷都是可利用磷。鱼粉的含硒量很高，可达2mg/kg以上。此外，鱼粉中碘、锌、铁、硒的含量也很高，并含有适量的砷。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种番鸭精饲料由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣2份，芋头5份，马铃薯20份，红薯30份，桃金娘果3份，鱼粉10份。
实施例2：一种番鸭精饲料由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣5份，芋头10份，马铃薯25份，红薯40份，桃金娘果6份，鱼粉15份。
实施例3：由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣3份，芋头8份，马铃薯22份，红薯35份，桃金娘果5份，鱼粉12份。
一种番鸭精饲料的制备方法如下：
（1）干红枣粉碎成100目筛。
（2）将新鲜桃金娘果压榨，取压榨液待用，桃金娘果渣晒干后粉碎成100目筛。
（3）新鲜芋头、新鲜马铃薯、新鲜红薯磨成粉浆，再将粉浆加鱼粉、红枣粉、桃金娘果渣粉及清水搅拌均匀成稠状、太阳下完全晒干，成块状物。
（4）取块状物加入清水及所述压榨液调成糊状，放入容器中抹平，厚度0.5CM，在锅中蒸熟后切成小块，约长宽各1CM，太阳下完全晒干，包装成品。
使用方法：在喂食普通饲料同时，每天每只番鸭喂食一次，15-20块。喂食前将本发明小块精饲料放入清水浸泡成软状。
对使用本发明喂食的番鸭的胸肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行测定，结果如下：
| 胸肌水分含量为75％ | 胸肌氨基酸总量为252.22mg／g |
| 粗蛋白质为28.09％ | 必需氨基酸为95.32mg／g |
| 粗脂肪为0．95％ | 鲜味氨基酸为90.63mg／g |
未使用本发明喂食的番鸭的胸肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行测定，结果如下：
| 胸肌水分含量为75.57％ | 胸肌氨基酸总量为202.37mg／g |
| 粗蛋白质为21.79％ | 必需氨基酸为83.20mg／g |
| 粗脂肪为0.96％ | 鲜味氨基酸为72.50mg／g |
结果表明：喂食本发明的番鸭肌肉具有蛋白质、氨基酸含量高的营养特性。
Claims (4)
1.一种番鸭精饲料，其特征在于由如下原料制备而成:红枣，芋头，马铃薯，红薯，桃金娘果，鱼粉。
2.权利要求1所述的一种番鸭精饲料，其特征在于由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣2-5份，芋头5-10份，马铃薯20-25份，红薯30-40份，桃金娘果3-6份，鱼粉10-15份。
3.权利要求2所述的一种番鸭精饲料，其特征在于由如下原料重量份制备而成:红枣3份，芋头8份，马铃薯22份，红薯35份，桃金娘果5份，鱼粉12份。
4.一种权利要求1所述的一种番鸭精饲料的制备方法如下：
（1）干红枣粉碎成100目筛，
（2）将新鲜桃金娘果压榨，取压榨液待用，桃金娘果渣晒干后粉碎成100目筛，
（3）新鲜芋头、新鲜马铃薯、新鲜红薯磨成粉浆，再将粉浆加鱼粉、红枣粉、桃金娘果渣粉及清水搅拌均匀成稠状、太阳下完全晒干，成块状物；
（4）取块状物加入清水及所述压榨液调成糊状，放入容器中抹平，厚度0.5CM，在锅中蒸熟后切成小块，太阳下完全晒干，包装成品。
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| CN108567080A (zh) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-09-25 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | 一种黑羽番鸭饲料及其使用方法 |
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