CN105377069B - The micro- truss structure equipment of high gas flow - Google Patents

The micro- truss structure equipment of high gas flow Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105377069B
CN105377069B CN201380077884.4A CN201380077884A CN105377069B CN 105377069 B CN105377069 B CN 105377069B CN 201380077884 A CN201380077884 A CN 201380077884A CN 105377069 B CN105377069 B CN 105377069B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
micro
pillar
girders layer
working face
contact surface
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Application number
CN201380077884.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105377069A (en
Inventor
A·J·雅各布森
W·卡特
沙-谢尔·曼宁
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HRL Laboratories LLC
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HRL Laboratories LLC
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A43B7/08Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
    • A43B7/084Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures characterised by the location of the holes
    • A43B7/088Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures characterised by the location of the holes in the side of the sole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/12Special watertight footwear
    • A43B7/125Special watertight footwear provided with a vapour permeable member, e.g. a membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0888Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using transparant moulds
    • B29C35/0894Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using transparant moulds provided with masks or diaphragms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00Products made by additive manufacturing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41BSHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
    • A41B2400/00Functions or special features of shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A41B2400/60Moisture handling or wicking function
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42HEADWEAR
    • A42CMANUFACTURING OR TRIMMING HEAD COVERINGS, e.g. HATS
    • A42C5/00Fittings or trimmings for hats, e.g. hat-bands
    • A42C5/04Ventilating arrangements for head coverings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0827Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0833Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using actinic light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205Metallic coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/06Open cell foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/302Conductive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41Opaque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412Transparent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/718Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/72Density
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/732Dimensional properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2479/00Furniture
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62JCYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J1/00Saddles or other seats for cycles; Arrangement thereof; Component parts

Abstract

The equipment for the ambient condition that the invention discloses a kind of for keeping working face, comprising: first micro- girders layer, first micro- girders layer include: multiple first pillars extended in a first direction;Multiple second pillars extended in a second direction;With the multiple third pillars extended along third direction, first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle, the equipment has the contact surface for being configured to contact working face and the aperture for being configured to allow for air to flow to the contact surface, and wherein the total surface area of contact surface is between about the 1% Dao about 50% of the total surface area of working face.

Description

The micro- truss structure equipment of high gas flow
Technical field
This technology relates generally to a kind of micro- truss structure, and for control environment on coalface state and in material or equipment Use micro- truss structure (for example, perspiring control layer for controlling to micro- truss of the air-flow of human body).
Background technique
Currently, existing in the market much for improving the knot contacted for a long time by some parts with human or animal's body The method of the air mass flow of structure or material, the structure or material are usually made of certain foam stuffing.The most common filler is Closed-cell foam.Maximally related technology is often relied in these methods manufactures airflow channel in closed-cell foam.Example includes The insole in hole, " egg case " foam stuffing, cellular material, the solid material of forming or open celled foam and thin stretching are netted or loose Braided fabric.
However, cellular material is usually allow only one-way air stream in the case where significantly not jeopardizing hardness and strength It is dynamic.Include using the commercial example in seat and bedding applicationWelding honeycomb.However, in order to make up The defect of mechanical performance, this " ventilation " honeycomb usually have bigger gross weight compared to nonventilated honeycomb Amount.
The solid material with the air flow path limited has also been used, but this material is usually uncomfortable.Although gas Air-flow in circulation road region increases, but the region of solid material and skin contact usually becomes to make soaked with sweat and uncomfortable.
In addition, above-mentioned material or structure usually made afterwards by compressing force (for example, when people sits on the material) it is this Material or compact structure (for example, the open volume of the material is reduced), this will lead to air flow path (or access) close or Size reduces, so that the air total amount for passing through the material reduces.
It is designed to netted or loose weave fabric that is thin, stretching to provide support by the tension of fabric, and by Air flowing is provided in loose braiding.Tension is provided generally by the hard frame around net or braiding periphery.Commercial example Including HermanSeat and SaddlecoTM FlowTMBicycle seat.These methods can actually Increase air flowing, but having also has the defect for being easily damaged and being pierced and tearing, to limit in dynamic application (example Such as, move) in whole using effect.
A kind of ordered three-dimensional (3D) micro-structure is micron-sized orderly 3D structure.Currently, it is handled and is made by a variety of foams The polymer porous material of large-scale production, random (not being ordered into ground) generate 3D micro-structure.Being implicitly present in generation has The technology of the polymer material of sequence 3D micro-structure, such as stereolithography art;But these technologies depend on from it is lower to Upper, layer-by-layer method, this does not have scalability.
Stereolithography art is a kind of technology that 3D structure is established in layer-by-layer processing.The process generally includes platform (substrate), in separating step, which is lowered in light monomer (photopolymer) bath.In each step, laser is inswept Light monomer is that certain layer will be cured the region of (polymerization).Once the layer is cured, platform is lowered by specific amount (by handling Parameter and desired feature/surface resolution determine), the process is repeated until generating whole 3D structures.In Hull etc. " the Apparatus For Production Of Three-Dimensional Objects By of people This photocuring is disclosed in Stereolithography " (U.S. Patent number 4,575,330,1984 applyings date August 8 days) One example of three-dimensional contouring art, this application are incorporated herein by reference herein.
The improvement of above-mentioned stereolithography art is had been developed that be improved and be differentiated by laser optic Rate simultaneously improves specific resin structure, at the same there is also use the entire layer of dynamic pattern generator disposal solidifying to reduce the 3D The improvement of the manufacturing time of structure.At " the Microstereolithography:A Review " of Bertsch et al., (material is ground Study carefully association's discussion collected works, volume 758,2003) in disclose a this improved example, the full content of this document is incorporated to this Text is as reference.The newest improvement to standard stereolithography art includes the " Two-Photon of Sun et al. Disclosed in Polymerization And 3D lithographic Microfabrication " (APS, volume 170,2004) The full content of two-photon polymerized method, this document is incorporated herein by reference.However, the improved processing is still dependent on complexity And time-consuming layer-by-layer processing method.
Previous work is also completed in generating polymer optical wave guide.Polymer optical wave guide can be in specific photopolymer Middle formation, wherein the variation of refractive index has occurred in the specific photopolymer during polymerization process.If photoactive is suitable Under conditions of expose in light (usually ultraviolet light), then due to the variation of refractive index, the prime area of polymerization is (for example, small Border circular areas) by " capture " light and direct it to the end of the zone of convergency, further push the zone of convergency.It should Process will be carried out persistently, lead to the formation for having basically the same the waveguiding structure of cross sectional dimensions in its longitudinal direction. The prior art for generating polymer optical wave guide only allows to be formed one or seldom waveguide, and these technologies are not applied to lead to Cross the three-dimensional structure that patterned polymer optical waveguide generates self-supporting.
Three dimensional ordered polymer porous structure has also used optical fringe pattern technology (also referred to as holographic lithography) raw At;However, the structure manufactured using these technologies has ordered structure on nanoscale, and the structure is only limitted to possible do Pattern is related to, as Campbell et al. is in " Fabrication Of Photonic Crystal For The Visible Spectrum By Holographic Lithography " is (naturally, on March 2nd, 2000, rolls up recorded in 404), this document Full content be incorporated herein by reference herein.
To the use of metal lattice (truss) material in U.S. Patent No. 7,382,959 filed on May 10th, 2007 (" Optically oriented three-dimensional polymer microstructures ") and United States Patent (USP) Shen It please No. 11/801,908, U.S. Patent Application No. 12/008,479, Shen on March 5th, 2008 filed on January 11st, 2008 U.S. Patent Application No. 12/075,033 filed in U.S. Patent Application No. 12/074,727 please, on March 6th, 2008, U.S. Patent Application No. 12/445,449 filed on June 1st, 2009, U.S. Patent application filed on December 22nd, 2010 12/928th, No. 947 and application No. is _/_, _, the applying date is _ _ U.S. of [091236/H611:67000 case] in 2010 It was discussed in patent application, the full content of above-mentioned file is incorporated herein by reference herein.Existing file is to a variety of micro- truss Structure and the method for manufacturing micro- truss structure describe, for example, U.S. Patent Application No. 12/455,449 disclose manufacture The method of micro- truss structure with fixed-area discloses in U.S. Patent Application No. 12/835,276 based on continuous place Reason continuously manufactures the method (for example, band of random length) of micro- truss structure, 12/928, No. 947 disclosures of U.S. Patent Application No. For U.S. Patent application filed in micro- truss of the energy absorption filled with compressible fluid and on December 18th, 2008 12/317th, No. 210 three-dimensional order aperture micro-structure and its manufacturing method disclosed with functionally gradient, each of these The full content of patent application is incorporated herein by reference herein.
Summary of the invention
The many aspects of the embodiment of the present invention are related to a kind of equipment of ambient condition for keeping working face.The environment shape State can be provided for example, by providing the air-flow of enhancing to the working face contacted with the equipment.For example, the embodiment of the present invention Many aspects be related to micro- truss of ambient condition for keeping human body surface a kind of and perspire control layer equipment, the wherein human body Surface is usually that air flows restricted part.For example, perspiring control layer includes: 1) the orderly micro- truss of open-cell polymer Material, the material are designed to allow plane interior air-flow and perspire control layer across this;With 2) used in article and human body correlation zone Porous contact supporting zone between domain.In one embodiment, porous contact supporting zone is also devised to be the one of human body Part provides main support.
According to one embodiment of present invention, a kind of equipment of the ambient condition for keeping working face includes: first micro- Girders layer, first micro- girders layer include: multiple first pillars extended in a first direction;What is extended in a second direction is multiple Second pillar;With the multiple third pillars extended along third direction, the first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar are in multiple nodes Place interts each other, and the first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle, which, which has, is constructed For the contact surface for contacting working face, also have and air is configured to allow for flow to the aperture of the contact surface, wherein contact surface Total surface area is between about the 1% Dao about 50% of the total surface area of working face.
First pillar, the second pillar and third pillar can form multiple first unit cells.
On the direction perpendicular to contact surface, the thickness of the equipment can be less than the thickness of five unit cells.
Unit cell can be about identical size.
When the equipment be in up to 50% densification strain under when, the total surface area of the micro- girders layer of the first of contact surface with The ratio of the total surface area of contact surface can be held essentially constant.
Contact surface may include multiple contact points being separated from each other, and each contact point has micro- from about 100 squares Contact area in the range of rice to about 10 square millimeters.
The equipment can also include second micro- girders layer, which includes: along the multiple of fourth direction extension 4th pillar;Multiple 5th pillars extended along the 5th direction;With multiple 6th pillars extended along the 6th direction, this is second micro- Girders layer is between first micro- girders layer and contact surface.
4th pillar, the 5th pillar and the 6th pillar can form multiple second unit cells, and the first pillar, the second pillar Multiple first unit cells can be formed with third pillar, each of first unit cell is both greater than each of second unit cell.
First pillar, the second pillar and third pillar can form the first three-D pattern, the 4th pillar, the 5th pillar and Six pillars can form the second three-D pattern, and the second three-D pattern is different from the first three-D pattern.
The equipment can also include the interface being in contact with the first three-D pattern and the second three-D pattern.
First three-D pattern and the second three-D pattern can be arranged sequentially in three-dimensional space.
The equipment can also include multiple 4th pillars upwardly extended in the side perpendicular to contact surface.
The equipment may be constructed such that the article wearable with people is used together.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a kind of to provide the method for air-flow the following steps are included: by the to working face One micro- girders layer is configured with aperture, and to allow air to flow through first micro- girders layer, first micro- girders layer includes: edge Multiple first pillars that first direction extends;Multiple second pillars extended in a second direction;It is more with extending along third direction A third pillar, the first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, the first pillar, the second pillar Interted each other with third pillar with non-perpendicular angle;With first micro- girders layer is configured to be applied to working face, first micro- purlin Rack-layer is configured to be in contact at contact surface with working face, and total surface area of micro- girders layer at contact surface is in the total of working face Between about the 1% Dao about 50% of surface area.
First pillar, the second pillar and third pillar may be constructed such that form multiple first unit cells.
On the direction perpendicular to contact surface, the thickness of micro- girders layer can be less than the thickness of five unit cells.
Unit cell can be about identical size.
Contact surface may include the multiple contact points being separated from each other, and each contact point has micro- from about 100 squares Contact area in the range of rice to about 10 square millimeters.
When first micro- girders layer is under up to 50% densification strain, the total surface area of contact surface and working face The ratio of total surface area can keep substantial constant.
First micro- girders layer can also include multiple 4th pillars upwardly extended in the side perpendicular to contact surface.
First micro- girders layer can be a part in following article: the helmet, handrail, seat, dress, headband, hand Set, insole, spectacle frame, underwear, mattress or upper support layer.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a kind of to provide the method for air-flow the following steps are included: by the to working face One micro- girders layer is configured with aperture, and to allow air to flow through first micro- girders layer, first micro- girders layer includes: along Multiple first pillars that one direction extends, multiple second pillars for extending in a second direction and extend along third direction multiple the Three pillars, the first pillar, the second pillar and third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, the first pillar, the second pillar and Three pillars are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle;Second micro- girders layer is configured with aperture to absorb by second micro- girders layer Moisture, second micro- girders layer include: along multiple 4th pillars of fourth direction extension, along multiple 5th of the extension of the 5th direction Column and multiple 6th pillars extended along the 6th direction;Second micro- girders layer is configured to be applied to working face, second micro- purlin Rack-layer is configured to contact working face, summary table of the total surface area of micro- girders layer at contact surface in working face at contact surface Between about the 1% Dao about 50% of area;And second micro- girders layer is attached between first micro- girders layer and contact surface First micro- girders layer.
4th pillar, the 5th pillar and the 6th pillar can form multiple second unit cells, the first pillar, the second pillar and Three pillars can form multiple first unit cells, and each of first unit cell is all larger than each of second unit cell.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention or application documents include an at least color image.The copy of this patent or the color image of patent application It will be provided according to request and after paying necessary expense by official.
Attached drawing and its explanation will describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and of the invention to explain in conjunction with illustrating Principle.
Fig. 1 a is used in the perspective view of micro- truss structure in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1 b is used in the side isometric view of micro- truss structure in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1 c is used in the top perspective view of micro- truss structure in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1 d is used in the perspective view of micro- truss structure with plumb post in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 a is four angled pillars and a plumb post according to an embodiment of the invention in a node Locate the perspective view intersected;
Fig. 2 b is the photo of micro- truss structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 c is micro- truss structure according to an embodiment of the invention including multiple angled pillars and plumb post Perspective view;
Fig. 2 d and 2e be respectively micro- truss structure according to an embodiment of the invention on cross section and obtained in plane The photo obtained, wherein micro- truss structure includes the plumb post of multiple angled pillars, thin plumb post and thickness;
Fig. 3 a and 3b are the systems according to an embodiment of the invention for forming a kind of structure by multiple wave guide members Cross-sectional view, plurality of wave guide member are using being placed through channel floor on angled direction and vertical direction simultaneously The single collimatied beam in multiple holes at portion or multiple collimatied beams generate;
Fig. 3 c and 3d are the systems according to an embodiment of the invention for forming a kind of structure by multiple wave guide members Cross-sectional view, plurality of wave guide member are pushed up using being placed through channel on angled direction and vertical direction simultaneously The single collimatied beam in multiple holes in portion or multiple collimatied beams generate;
Fig. 4 a shows rectangular mask pattern according to an embodiment of the invention (or rectangular mask sectional hole patterns);
Fig. 4 b shows hexagon mask pattern according to an embodiment of the invention (or hexagon mask sectional hole patterns);
Fig. 5 a is that four angled pillars and a plumb post according to an embodiment of the invention intersect at node Perspective view;
Fig. 5 b is the photo of micro- truss structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 c is that four angled pillars and a plumb post according to an embodiment of the invention intersect at node Perspective view;
Fig. 5 d is the photo of micro- truss structure plan view according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 a, 6b and 6c are the views of the cross-sectional shape of plumb post according to some embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that micro- truss according to a first embodiment of the present invention perspires control layer, and the layer and human body and sense are emerging The article of interest is contacted and is located between human body and interested article;
Fig. 8 is micro- girders layer of the panel with the middle position for being located across unit cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention Perspective view;
Fig. 9 is that the schematic diagram that micro- truss according to a second embodiment of the present invention perspires control layer, the layer and human body and sense are emerging The article of interest is contacted and is located between human body and interested article;
Figure 10 is that the schematic diagram that micro- truss according to a third embodiment of the present invention perspires control layer, the layer and human body and sense are emerging The article of interest is contacted and is located between human body and interested article;
Figure 11 is according to an embodiment of the invention to be used to form the orderly micro- truss structure of the 3D with functionally gradient The schematic diagram of system;
Figure 12 a, 12b and 12c are that the 2D of three-dimensional micro- truss structure according to an embodiment of the present invention with functionally gradient shows It is intended to;
Figure 13 is to show the signal according to an embodiment of the invention for being used together micro- truss with seat and perspiring control layer Figure;
Figure 14 be display it is according to an embodiment of the invention be used together with shoes (for example, as bottom in shoes) it is micro- Truss perspires the schematic diagram of control layer;And
Figure 15 is to show that micro- truss on bike saddle according to an embodiment of the invention perspires using for control layer Photo.
Specific embodiment
In the following detailed description, only reality and illustrate that particular exemplary of the invention is implemented by way of explanation Example.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can realize in many different forms and be not limited to reality as described herein Apply example.Equally, in the text of the application, when element is referred to as at another element "upper", it can be another located immediately at this On one element, or it is located on another element indirectly and is inserted into one or more intermediary elements between them.This theory Make that similar elements are presented with like reference characters in bright book.
The many aspects of the embodiment of the present invention are related to a kind of equipment of ambient condition for keeping working face.The environment State can be provided for example, by providing increased air-flow for the working face that contacts with the equipment.For example, the embodiment of the present invention Some aspects be related to perspiring control layer equipment based on micro- truss, the equipment be used for by enhance to human body surface air-flow come The ambient condition on the surface is kept, wherein human body surface usually has restricted air-flow during given activity.It is limited The air-flow of system is that human region gives movable article (for example, clothes, seat and control device) physics and connect with for this The result of touching.It includes the micro- truss material of orderly open cell polymer, the orderly open cell polymer that micro- truss, which perspires control layer, Micro- truss material is used as the porous contact supporting zone between interested article and human body relevant range.Orderly aperture combination The feasible scale feature of micro- truss, so that without sacrificing air flowing while contact with human comfort.Including multiple according to this The single micro- truss unit cell and structure of the unit cell of inventive embodiments are shown in Fig. 1 a, in 1b, 1c and 1d.These unit cells are only this Shens The some single cell structures in a variety of possible single cell structures that please be can be used.The example of other possible single cell structures include but It is not limited to Jacobsen et al. structure described in material journal 56 (2008) 2540-254, whole is incorporated herein by With reference to.
A, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2a, 2b and 2c referring to Fig.1, the micro- purlin of three-dimensional order aperture according to an embodiment of the invention Frame structure 10 is self supporting structure.Micro- truss 10 includes that multiple angled pillars (are referred to as angled " truss member Part ", " trussmember " or " polymer waveguide part "), the multiple angled pillar includes the first angled pillar 12, second Angled pillar 14 and third are at an angle of pillar 16, they extend along first direction A, second direction B and third direction C respectively. In some embodiments, micro- truss 10 further includes plumb post 18, and vertically D extends plumb post 18.Referring to Fig.1 a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e, the first, second, and third angled pillar 12,14,16 (and in Fig. 2 a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e Plumb post 18) intert each other at node 20, with formed have three-dimensional microstructures sequence continuous material.In some implementations In example, micro- truss further includes the 4th angled pillar 22, and the 4th angled pillar 22 extends along fourth direction E and also with the One, second and third be at an angle of pillar 12,14 and 16 and plumb post 18 and intert at node 20.
Pillar 12,14,16 and 18 may include photopolymer material.Pillar 12,14,16 and 18 can be polymer light wave Guiding element.
The continuous material can be continuously formed, so that the continuous material does not have an inner boundary, such as pillar 12, 14, the boundary in 16 and 18 interspersed part.Each node 20 of micro- truss structure 10 can be formed by the continuous material.
According to one embodiment of present invention, micro- truss 10 is by using fixed light input (the UV light of collimation) solidification (polymerization) polymer optical wave guide part and formed, so as to 3D pattern intrapersonal communication.In this way, the polymer optical wave guide shape propagated At micro- truss 10.
As entirety is incorporated as Monro of reference et al. in " Topical Review Catching Light herein It is some to be referred to as light disclosed in In Its Own Trap " (contemporary optics magazine 2001, rolls up the 48, No. 2,191-238) Variations in refractive index occurs during polymerization process for the liquid polymer of polymer.Variations in refractive index can lead to polymer optical wave guide Formation.If photoactive is exposed under light (usually UV) under proper condition, the prime area that polymerize (such as Small border circular areas) it guides by " capture " light and by the light to the end of the zone of convergency, it is pushed further into the region of polymerization. This process will be carried out persistently, so as to cause the waveguide junction for having basically the same cross sectional dimensions on its length direction The formation of structure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the mask (a and 4b referring to fig. 4) and light source in the hole 340 with two-dimensional pattern It is used together with light monomer, to generate the orderly micro- truss structure of 3D polymer (or the micro- truss structure of open-cell polymer).
Fig. 3 a is the cross-sectional view for forming a kind of system of structure by multiple wave guide members (or pillar), wherein making Above-mentioned multiple wave guide members are formed with the single collimatied beam or multiple collimatied beams in the multiple holes for being placed through the bottom of the channel.Referring to figure 3a, the system according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to form the orderly micro- truss structure of 3D polymer include one or more Collimated light source 300, the light monomer 320 that there is (or including) will polymerize under the wavelength for the collimated light beam that light source 300 provides Channel/mold 310 and patterning device, such as the mask 330 with one or more holes (open area) 340.Each Hole 340 all have the given shape that substantially matches with the cross section geometry of pillar (for example, wave guide member 360a) and Size.
With continued reference to Fig. 3 a, mask 330 is placed on transparent substrate (or transparent panel) 350, which includes channel/mold 310 bottom.In one embodiment, mask 330 is by lightweight, flexibility and opaque material is (for example, poly- to stupid dioctyl phthalate second Diol ester (PET) film) it is made.Transparent substrate 350 can be by the transparent material of the light issued from collimated light source (such as quartz) It is made, so that collimated light is irradiated in the exposure area 410 in channel.In other embodiments, transparent substrate 350 is used as mask 330 (for example, a part of transparent substrate 350 is opaque, and other parts are transparent).Light monomer 320 is in mask 330 Upper filling channel 310.In one embodiment, channel (or mold) 310 can be filled by expectation by using light monomer 320 Micro- truss structure highly to obtain different-thickness.Once Crosspolymer wave guide member 360a will be from mask using collimated light source 330 surface or the surface of transparent substrate 350 increase upwards, terminate at the freedom of light monomer 320 in channel 310 (on for example) At surface, to form the pillar of micro- truss structure.
Here, in fig. 3 a, because intersect polymer waveguide part 360a (or pillar) will condense together without with Waveguide propagation interferes with each other, it is possible to form 3D network (or micro- truss structure 360).Similarly, multiple wave guide member 360a (or Pillar) between spacing correspond to multiple holes 340 pattern.The pattern in hole 340 can be, for example, square pattern shown in Fig. 4 a, It and/or is hexagonal shaped pattern shown in Fig. 4 b.The spacing of opening (hole), i.e., the distance between the hole 340 in mask 330, and The quantity of the wave guide member 360 (or pillar) formed by each hole 340 will determine to be formed by the micro- truss structure of orderly 3D (or institute's shape At the micro- truss structure of open-cell polymer) open volume fraction (that is, gap).
In this way, the micro- truss structure 360 of orderly 3D suitable for a variety of applications can be designed using the system of Fig. 3 a.Design Parameter includes: 1) polymer pillar angle relative to each other and pattern;2) bulk density of the cellular construction obtained or opposite Density (or open volume fraction);With the cross sectional shape and size of 3) pillar.Here, in some embodiments, according to design Standard, the diameter range of pillar (or wave guide member) can be from 10 microns to 10 millimeter.In some embodiments, the diameter model of pillar Enclosing can be from 10 microns to 1 millimeter, to improve the comfort of user.
In one embodiment, the length of the pillar between the node of interspersed pillar can be arrived in 5 times of strut diameter Between 15 times.In addition, passing through the quantity of node of the thickness of the micro- truss structure of 3D or the quantity of duplicate unit cell can be set. Micro- truss structure can have 1/2 to 10 unit cells on its thickness.Further, since the orderly micro- truss structure of 3D (or aperture The micro- truss structure of formula polymer) forming method, the propagation distance of interspersed wave guide member (or pillar) and node size be not mutually It is influenced by variations in refractive index caused by polymerizeing.
In one embodiment, the first, second, and third pillar each extend over along the first, second, and third direction packet Include the first, second, and third angle;First, second, and third angle have the first, second, and third inclination angle theta (for example, relative to Xz plane shown in Fig. 1 d) and the first, second, and third azimuth (for example, around Fig. 1 d shown in y-axis).One In a embodiment, each can have identical or different value at the first, second, and third inclination angle, and each inclination angle relative to The plane of mask is in the range of 45 ° to 70 °, including boundary value.Similarly, in one embodiment, plumb post can phase There is the inclination angle range from 80 ° to 90 ° for the plane of mask, comprising boundary value (for example, with reference to the angle in Fig. 3 b and 3d γ)。
First, second, and third pillar extend inclination angle theta (for example, see Fig. 1 d and 7) can by angle [alpha] (for example, with reference to Fig. 3 a) it determines, collimated light source 300 is directed relative to mask 330 with angle [alpha], so that collimated light passes through mask 330 with angle [alpha] Hole 340.Due to the variation of the refractive index between air and mask and monomer, angle, θ is different with α in many cases,.
According to one embodiment of present invention, pillar further include in fourth direction with substantially 90 ° of inclination angle (for example, Be substantially perpendicular to xz plane) extend plumb post 360b.As shown in Figure 3b, collimated light source 300a is oriented in substantially Perpendicular to emitting light on the direction of mask 330.
In one embodiment, vertical waveguide part 360b (or pillar) is in angled wave guide member 360a (or pillar) formation It is formed later.Vertical waveguide part 360b can be formed by using different collimated light source 300a, or can be used identical The formation of collimated light source 300, wherein identical collimated light source 300 is used to form angled wave guide member, by redirecting Collimated light source 300 is so that it emits light on the direction for being substantially perpendicular to mask 330.
In another embodiment, vertical waveguide part 360b and angled wave guide member 360b is formed simultaneously, in the process In, angled collimated light source 300 and the collimated light source 300a being vertically oriented pass through the sending of the hole 340 in mask 330 simultaneously Light.
Although vertical waveguide part 360b (or plumb post 18), which is described above and illustrates, is in such as Fig. 1 d and Fig. 2 a With diameter (or the cross section being essentially equal with angled wave guide member 360a (or angled pillar 12,14 and 16) Product), but other embodiments according to the present invention, what vertical waveguide part 360b (or plumb post 18) can have and be at an angle of The different diameter (or cross-sectional area) of wave guide member (or angled pillar 12,14 and 16).For example, in some embodiments, hanging down Straight wave guide part 360b can have from 10 microns to 20 millimeter within the scope of diameter.In some embodiments, micro- truss structure packet It includes from the equal plumb post of diameter (or cross-sectional area) of pillar being at an angle of and with different with angled pillar The plumb post of diameter (or cross-sectional area).In other embodiments, the diameter of the plumb post of micro- truss structure is (or transversal Area) it can all be different from the diameter (cross-sectional area) of angled pillar.Fig. 2 d and 2e are to have angled branch simultaneously respectively The side view of micro- truss structure of column 12,14 and 16 and plumb post 18 and the photo of top view, plumb post 18 have than Angled pillar 12,14 and 16 bigger diameters (or cross-sectional area).
It is different from angled wave guide member in the diameter (or cross-sectional area) of vertical waveguide part 360 (or plumb post 18) In the embodiment of the diameter of 360a (or angled pillar 12,14 and 16), it is used to form used in vertical waveguide part 360b Mask can have the greater or lesser hole in hole 340 of the mask 330 of the wave guide member 360a more angled than being used to form.Another In a embodiment, the hole for being used to form the mask of vertical waveguide part can have and be used to form angled wave guide member 360a's It compares and is spaced each other closer or farther hole in the hole 340 of mask 330.For example, vertical waveguide part can be by being at an angle of branch cylindricality At each node formed, or by angled pillar each of formed second or third node formed.It is still other In embodiment, plumb post is arranged to the pattern with the pattern of angled pillar inconsistent (for example, independently of the pattern).
In another embodiment, the single mask with multiple and different size holes can be used, and perpendicular to mask Plane or the collimated light that is angularly aligned with the plane of mask selectively passed through the hole of mask and emitted.
For example, referring to Fig. 3 b, in some embodiments, can be used at least one digital mask instead of the lower section of channel 370, Mask 330 at any combination of above-mentioned position between top or any side or collimated light source and light monomer 320.Number Mask is display device, and the display device can be controlled so as to for being used for polymerization light monomer (for example, liquid crystal display (LCD)) light of wavelength is opaque and be transparent in other positions in some positions.A kind of liquid crystal display of the type Paper " Microstereolithography:Concepts of the device mask in A.Bertsch, P.Bernhard and P.Renaud And applications " is disclosed in (2001), is published in the 8th phase world new technique and factory automation IEEE meeting, volume 2, the 289-99 pages, the full text of herein cited this document is by reference.It is located at the embodiment of the lower section in channel in collimated light source 300 In, digital mask is between collimated light source 300 and transparent substrate 350.Appoint in addition, digital mask can be structured as real-time display Various pore sizes of anticipating and pattern are to manufacture desired micro- truss structure 360, to avoid the demand for stopping manufacture when replacement mask. For example, digital mask can be used to form various sizes of hole for angled pillar and plumb post.
In this way, in the above embodiment of the invention, the diameter of vertical waveguide part 360b (or plumb post 18) (or it is transversal Area) and spacing can be independently of diameter (or the cross section of angulation degree waveguide 360a (or angled pillar 12,14 and 16) Product) and spacing and change.It therefore, can be (or vertical and angled according to vertical and angled wave guide member 360b and 360a Pillar) diameter (or cross-sectional area) and spacing be independently adjusted 10 pairs of micro- truss structure compression and shearing force resistance.
If all pillars are relative to mask at equal angle, θ, compression modulus (E) can be with approximate calculation are as follows:
E≈ES(sin4θ)(ρ/ρs)
Wherein, ρ is the density of micro- truss structure 10, ρsIt is the density of the solid material parts of micro- truss 10, ESIt is micro- truss The modulus of 10 solid material parts.
If all pillars have equal angle, θ relative to mask, modulus of shearing (G) can be with approximate calculation are as follows:
G≈(ES/8)(ρ/ρs)(sin22θ)
Compression modulus (E) including being at an angle of micro- truss structure of pillar and plumb post can be with approximate calculation are as follows:
E≈ES(ρ/ρs)[(sin4θ)(fIt is angled)+(fVertically)]
Wherein, fVerticallyThe solid portion being vertically oriented, fIt is angledIt is the solid portion on angle, θ direction, and wherein fVertically=1-fIt is angled
According to modulus of shearing formula, influence of the plumb post to modulus of shearing is significant, so for simultaneously including angled Micro- truss structure of pillar and plumb post, modulus of shearing can be with approximate calculation are as follows:
G≈(ES/8)(ρ/ρs)(fIt is angled)(sin22θ)
Above formula shows that, when angled pillar is with angle, θ=45 ° extension, modulus of shearing (G) is maximized.Cause This, according to one embodiment of present invention, angled pillar can be extended with about 45 ° of angle.However, in of the invention its In its embodiment, angled pillar can be extended with different angle (for example, between 45 ° to 90 °), so that angled pillar can be with Connection plumb post provides additional resistance to compression pression together, or reduce form that the collimated light of angled pillar must propagate away from From.
Therefore, micro- truss structure 10 can be by changing plumb post and being at an angle of for the resistance of shearing force and compressing force The diameter (or cross-sectional area) and volume fraction of pillar and by according to micro- truss structure by the requirement for the application being applied to It is designed to change the angle of angled pillar.For example, strut diameter (or cross-sectional area) can arrive about 10mm at about 10 μm In the range of, the Volume fraction of plumb post and angled pillar can be between about 2% to about 70%.
According to one embodiment of present invention, it as shown in Fig. 1 d, 2a, 2b and 2c, is at an angle of pillar 12,14 and 16 and hangs down Straight strut 18 intersects at node 20, to form three-dimensional (three orthogonal directions) symmetrical angle.Symmetric angle about xz plane Degree (see, for example, Fig. 1 d) can measure between 0 ° and 90 °.That is, angled pillar 12,14 and 16 and plumb post 18 intert each other with formation " perfection " node: compressing surface (example of each of the pillar 12,14,16 both relative to micro- truss 10 Such as, the surface extended along the direction of xz plane) and relative to plumb post 18 limit angle, and by angled pillar 12, 14,16 all angles limited are substantially equal to one another.However, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
In further embodiment of the present invention, micro- truss structure of polymer itself is coated with and the micro- truss structure of polymer The different material of material, and the micro- truss structure of polymer is removed to generate the self-supporting with continuous but different volume Structure.In one embodiment of the invention, metal coating, such as nickel, aluminium, titanium, steel can be used in the micro- truss structure of polymer And their alloy, the thermal conductivity of anti-sweat layer can be improved in this way.It is heavy that electro-deposition, paste deposition, physical vapor can be used Product (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) carry out the micro- truss structure of coated polymer.It is then possible to by burning or using strong Alkaline etching removes the micro- truss structure of polymer, forms the micro- truss structure of hollow metal.According to one embodiment of present invention, Each hollow metal mainstay can have internal diameter in the range of from 10 microns to 10 millimeter, and metal thickness (or Person's wall thickness) in the range of 1 micron to 1 millimeter.The micro- truss structure of metal generated can have relative to solid metal block Relative density in the range of 0.5% to 30%.
The additional improvement of compressive strength can be realized by framework optimization.Framework optimization is related to balancing unit cell design, branch Column diameter, length, angle, each unit cell struts number and obtain expected performance group material (for example, pressure or shock wave Under desired densification levels).
Referring to Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c and 5d, in some embodiments of the invention, vertical trusses pillar 18a has non-circular cross Section.The specific shape of vertical trusses pillar 18a depends on the quantity of the angled pillar interted at node 20, wherein vertically Pillar is interspersed mutually by node 20 and angled pillar 12,14,16 and 22.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c and 5d, four angled pillars 12,14,16 and 22 are worn at node 20 It inserts.If plumb post 18a is formed in the step (after four angled pillars are formed) then disclosed, plumb post 18a has the shape (see, for example, Fig. 6 a) of " cross " or " plus sige ".
Other embodiments according to the present invention, Fig. 6 a, 6b and 6c show the cross-sectional shape of plumb post.It is including n It is a at node 20 intert angled pillar embodiment in, at node 20 with angled pillar mutually intert vertical branch Column will have n branch (petal) (wherein, n is natural number).For example, including three angled pillars as shown in Figure 6b One embodiment of the present of invention in, plumb post will have that there are three branch 3 stars of truncated end (for example, with).Figure 6c shows the rank street face shape of the plumb post in one embodiment, wherein 5 angled pillars are mutually interspersed at node. The effect can with plumb post diameter relative to the diameter of angled pillar increase and reduce.For example, working as plumb post When being of approximately ten times of diameter of the diameter of angled pillar, the shape of plumb post becomes closer to cylindrical and basic Upper is cylindrical.In the case where smaller size, the cross-sectional shape of plumb post be can be similar to institute in Fig. 6 a, 6b and 6c The combination of the shape and circular shape shown.For example, when the diameter of plumb post increases compared with the diameter of angled pillar, point The radial dimension of branch may reduce.
Fig. 7 shows the equipment 710 for keeping the ambient condition on surface (for example, micro- truss perspires control structure), root According to one embodiment of the present of invention, which includes positioned at article 740 (or given article for moving used other care) Micro- truss structure 10 between human body 750.As described above, the length of the pillar 14,16 and 18 between adjacent node can be Between 5 times to 15 times of strut diameter.In this way, the height c of single unit cell depend on spacing between the node of equipment 710 and The angle of the inclination angle theta of pillar 14,16 and 18.For example, if the angle that the diameter of pillar is the inclination angle theta of 100 microns and pillar is 60 °, then the height of unit cell can be about 86.6 microns.As described above, in some embodiments, equipment 710 has 1/2 to 10 Thickness (or height) h in the range of a unit cell height.In some embodiments, equipment 710 by jointing material 742 (for example, Epoxy resin, polyurethane etc.) along cementing line it is adhered to article 740.Air flow through micro- truss perspire the ability of control layer by To percent opening total amount (for example, open volume score), the aperture of the typical shape of the unit cell including aperture and equipment 710 (that is, Unit cell size) distribution influence.Secreting from human body 750 when sweat 752 and penetrate into equipment 710 (may pass through clothing layer 730) when, the air in the aperture of micro- truss can be such that sweat 752 evaporates and to the contact surface phase with equipment 710 of human body 750 The region of contact is cooled down, the contact surface by the equipment the portion contacted with working face (for example, surface of human body 750) Divide and limits.In this way, the area (for example, summation of the area of each contact point) of contact surface is generally significantly less than the face of working face Product.The orderly aperture of micro- truss allows the region of the cooling human body 750 of natural and/or compulsory convection current, and otherwise the region exists Only has limited or absolutely not air flowing in the case where being directly in contact with used article 740.
The design of equipment 710 determines the total surface area that equipment 710 is contacted with human body 750, therefore determines permission air The total opening area of flowing.According to desired application, contact area between equipment 710 and human body 750 is always covered with equipment 710 The ratio of capping product can be in the range of from < 1% to more than 50%.Size by changing micro- truss single cell structure can be Change total contact surface area with human body during design process.For example, the diameter of the single contact point of equipment 710 can from 100 square microns are in the range of 10 square millimeters, the wherein area of the area of contact surface and working face (for example, human body 750) Ratio be less than the working face gross area 50%.In some embodiments, the area of contact surface can be less than the area of working face 30%, in this case, working face >=70% be partially exposed in air.It is still in other embodiments, connects The area of contacting surface can be less than the 10% of the area of working face, in this case, working face >=90% be partially exposed at In air.
In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the contact area between equipment 710 and human body 750 can be kept Substantially constant (for example, variation less than 10%), even if equipment 710 by compression up to it densification strain 50% when It is in this way, " strain " is defined as the ratio of displacement with the stress-less length of material, " densification strain " is defined as due to material The densification of material is so that the strain that power needed for further mobile (for example, compression) material sharply increases.In implementation of the invention In example, the densification strain of equipment can be controlled by changing relative density, this depends on angled pillar and plumb post 12,14,16 and 18 diameter and spacing.In this way, the densification that equipment according to an embodiment of the invention can have 0.9 is answered Become, and under up to 0.45 strain, the ratio of the contact area between the equipment and human body can be held essentially constant.Root It can have 0.7 densification strain according to the equipment of another embodiment of the present invention, and under up to 0.35 strain, contact The ratio of area and work area can keep substantially constant.
The validity of equipment 710 had both depended on percentage of the open area in total overlay area, additionally depended on open region The distribution in domain.As speech (is changed in increase-such as strut diameter increase-these contact points of the size of the contact point of equipment 710 It, the areas of whole contact surfaces increases) at " hot spot " can be caused to the limitation of air circulation.In addition, between contact point Span (or distance d) can influence the global comfort that micro- truss perspires control layer.For example, the bigger contact point being spaced further apart Uncomfortable pressure spot may be generated to user.In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between adjacent contact points can be with In the range of from 100 μm to about 10mm.In each unit cell by changing unit cell framework or control composition contact surface region Solid area can also change contact surface area in the case where not making and significantly changing to whole apertures in equipment 710.Example Such as, according to contact surface be along coincide with node layer (as in the embodiment depicted in figure 7) two-dimensional surface 830 (see, for example, Fig. 8) or contact surface is along the 2D plane between node layer, as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 8 and 9, equipment shown in fig. 7 The surface area of 710 contact surface can be increased up to 400%.
It flows according to an embodiment of the invention, equipment 710 can generate air in plane to assist sweat evaporation.However, In the application that region (for example, sole) more than equipment 710 and the perspiration of human body is in contact, sweat may exceed (or filling up) Entire aperture, to prevent or interfere air flowing.According to one embodiment of present invention, as shown in Figure 10, equipment 710 can be with There are two layerings 1010 and 1020 (can be referred to as " functional classification ") for more situation of perspiring for tool.As shown in Figure 10, have Have micro- girders layer 1020 of smaller characteristic size can be formed in compared with large-feature-size thicker micro- girders layer 1010 (or Single continuous open cell polymer, which, which passes through its thickness, has at least two different but orderly 3D micro-structures) one On a surface.In this embodiment, micro- girders layer 1020 with smaller characteristic size can from absorption of human body sweat, without Block the flow path of natural air in larger 1010 structure of micro- truss.According to the modified poplar-drawing being discussed hereinafter Laplace equation, the characteristic size and spacing of micro- girders layer 1020 with smaller characteristic size can be according to such as surfaces It power, interfacial energy and is absorbed the feature of fluid (for example, sweat) and is selected to improve assimilation effect.This multilayer setting Method also can be applied to the case where needing smaller, closer contact point, for example, it is desired to improve the application of users'comfort. The description as described in manufacture multilayer (or functional classification) micro- truss structure can be in U.S. Patent application " Functionally- Graded Three-Dimensional Ordered Open-Cellular Microstructure and Method of It is found in Making Same " (application number 12/317,210 filed on December 18th, 2008), the full text of herein cited this document To make reference.
Figure 11 shows the example for generating multilayer (or functionally gradient) material with orderly open-cell 3D micro-structure The schematic plan of device.In Figure 11, which includes square dies and four collimation exposing beams (300 and 300b), Each collimatied beam is rotated by 90 ° around z-axis line.
It is formed in the aperture micro-structure at each exposed and depends on incident light angle and mask pattern, so by suitable Locality changes these angular and/or mask pattern, can form different micro-structures.Due to wave guide member (or pillar) initial shape It is grown at the exposed of monomer and from the exposed, the incidence of time for exposure and/or light can be suitably changed Energy so that two independent micro-structures " connection " being formed at two exposeds or intersect at two exposeds it Between certain boundary layers.These boundary layers can have the unit cell thickness less than any one micro-structure thickness — that is, just Thickness can be weighed to the physical connection (as shown in figures 12 a and 12b)-for being enough to be formed between two micro-structures or two micro-structures It is folded, to generate the interface (as shown in fig. 12 c) with the individual micro-structure of their own and thickness.That is, Figure 12 a, 12b and 12c indicates the 2D view of three-dimensional function gradient micro-structure, and wherein the micro-structure can be by according to an embodiment of the present invention Above-mentioned technology is formed.
Referring again to Figure 12 a, 12b and/or 12c, An embodiment provides a kind of functionally gradient three-dimensionals to have Sequence aperture micro-structure.The functionally gradient three-dimensional order aperture micro-structure includes: with the first three-D pattern (pattern 1, pattern 3, figure Case 5) the first three-dimensional interconnection pattern polymer waveguide part;With the second three-D pattern (figure for being different from the first three-D pattern Case 2, pattern 4, pattern 6) the second three-dimensional interconnection pattern polymer waveguide part;With the polymer with the first three-dimensional interconnection pattern Interface (interface 1, interface 2, the interface that wave guide member is connected with the polymer waveguide part of the second three-dimensional interconnection pattern 3)。
In one embodiment, the interface is the polymer of the third three-dimensional interconnection pattern with third three-D pattern Wave guide member (interface 3), wherein the third three-D pattern is different from the first three-D pattern and the second three-D pattern.
In general, cotton core, which can be used for that fluid is transported to the liquid from generation point using capillarity, to be evaporated Appropriate surface.Liquid can also be redistributed to thermal energy by cotton core or air-flow can be enhanced the liquid evaporation region.In Under some cases, while realizing that these functions are needed comprising having various forms of cotton cores.The wicking properties of micro- truss structure can With by adjusting its framework and surface chemical property with change its mechanical strength and toughness, surface area and volume ratio and its Its characteristic controls.
Several factors are depended on to the selection of the chemical property of structure and the cotton core for perspiring control layer, several factors all with The characteristic of absorbed fluid is closely related.For example, by cotton core generate maximum capillary head with hole size reduction and Increase.In another example, the heat transfer potential of cotton core penetrating power (complexity that liquid moves in cotton core) and cotton core (when the cotton core is considered as heat pipe) improves with the increase of the size in hole.In addition, the entire thermal resistance of cotton core evaporation side depends on The conductibility of working fluid in cotton core.
According to application demand, the thickness or surface area of cotton core and the ratio of volume can also be adjusted.For example, very thick Cotton core can store and move a large amount of fluid, but if the rate of evaporation is less than the rate that fluid is inhaled into cotton core, the cotton Core can reach saturation.On the other hand, thin cotton core structure usually has biggish surface-to-volume ratio, this makes stream in cotton core The evaporation of body faster, but cannot effectively transmit fluid.Design cotton core when the other characteristics of the cotton core to be considered be with fluid and The compatibility of wettability.
In general, wick material (wicking material) be designed to generate enough capillary pressures with by fluid from It generates point driving and arrives evaporating point.The pressure Δ Ρ depends on solid-vapour (γSV) and solid-liquid (γSL) interfacial energy and micropore half Diameter r (for example, half of the distance between adjacent contact points as shown in Fig. 7,9 and 10 d), passes through revised poplar-La Pu Lars formula: Δ Ρ=2 (γSVSL)/r is calculated and is obtained.Therefore, capillary pressure is with cotton core pore radius (r) and boundary Face energy (γSL) reduction and increase.However, too small pore size will lead to fluid viscosity increase, (under barometric gradient When) this will reduce volume flow.
In an embodiment of the present invention, equipment 710 (as shown in Figure 7) is designed to provide a variety of support amounts (for example, pressure Power modulus or adaptability).Compression performance is the function of solid material performance, geometric parameter including micro- truss and unit cell (for example, Pillar/trussmember diameter, node-to-node spacing etc.).Micro- truss perspires control layer 10 and can be designed as having very It is hard and load is transmitted to the structure including article 740 of being interested in, or it can be designed as in response in given application Desired applied compressive load adaptable (for example, soft) and partly shrinkage.In some embodiments, equipment 710 It will be designed at least keep some open cells (for example, incomplete shrinkage) during normal use, so that at least some Air can flow through equipment 710.Or the decrease impact load customization anti-compression property being likely to occur during use, because This provides additional comfort level and protection.
Two embodiments that control layer benefit can be perspired from micro- truss include bike saddle 740a and insole 740b.Scheming The schematic diagram for describing this application is shown in 13 and 14 respectively.Figure 15 be constructed and be applied to bike saddle based on micro- truss The picture for perspiring control layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the overcover made of smooth and porous material, such as OrCloth, the top surface for perspiring control layer can be incorporated at the contact point with human body.The overcover It can be used for by reducing the comfort for perspiring the friction between control layer and human body to improve user.For example, when being used for voluntarily When vehicle seat, spandex (spandex) layer can be applied to micro- truss and perspire on control layer, wherein overcover Smooth contact surface is provided for cyclist.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pillar that micro- truss perspires control layer is coated with antimicrobial conjunction appropriate At object, such as nano-Ag particles.In some embodiments, antimicrobial layer, which is arranged on, entirely perspires on control layer (for example, setting It sets in being adhered to the bed of cloth perspired in control layer surface).
The article used together with embodiments of the present invention includes, but are not limited to: the helmet, handrail, seat are (for example, voluntarily Vehicle seats, automobile or other vehicle seats, office seats, outdoor garden chair and seat cushion), the clothes, headband, the hand that have padding Set, insole, spectacle frame, underwear, mattress and upper support layer.
Although in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to disclosed Embodiment, but on the contrary, be intended to the various modifications for including in the spirit and scope of claim and equivalent set It sets and its equivalents.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of equipment of the ambient condition for keeping working face, comprising:
First micro- girders layer, first micro- girders layer include:
Multiple first pillars extended in a first direction;
Multiple second pillars extended in a second direction;With
The multiple third pillars extended along third direction;With
Second micro- girders layer,
First pillar, second pillar and the third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, first pillar, Second pillar and the third pillar are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle,
The equipment has the contact surface for being configured to contact the working face and air is configured to allow for flow to described connect The aperture of contacting surface, wherein the total surface area of the contact surface is between about the 1% Dao about 50% of the total surface area of the working face,
Wherein, described second micro- girders layer is between described first micro- girders layer and the working face, second micro- truss Layer is configured to suck fluid from the working face, and
Wherein, when the equipment is under up to 50% densification strain, first micro- girders layer is at the contact surface Total surface area and the contact surface total surface area ratio keep substantially constant.
2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein first pillar, second pillar and the third branch cylindricality At multiple first unit cells.
3. equipment according to claim 2, wherein the multiple first unit cell is about the same size.
4. equipment according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface includes multiple contact points separated from each other, described to connect Each of contact all has contact area in the range of from about 100 square microns to about 10 square millimeters.
5. equipment according to claim 1, wherein second micro- girders layer includes:
Multiple 4th pillars extended along fourth direction;
Multiple 5th pillars extended along the 5th direction;With
Multiple 6th pillars extended along the 6th direction,
Second micro- girders layer is between described first micro- girders layer and the contact surface.
6. equipment according to claim 5, wherein the 4th pillar, the 5th pillar and the 6th cylindricality At multiple second unit cells, first pillar, second pillar and the third pillar form multiple first unit cells, and described Each of one unit cell is all larger than each of described second unit cell.
7. according to equipment described in one in claim 5 and 6, wherein first pillar, second pillar and described Third pillar forms the first three-D pattern, and it is three-dimensional that the 4th pillar, the 5th pillar and the 6th pillar form second Pattern, second three-D pattern are different from first three-D pattern.
8. equipment according to claim 7 further includes being connected with first three-D pattern and second three-D pattern The interface connect.
9. equipment according to claim 7, wherein first three-D pattern and second three-D pattern are in three-dimensional space Interior ordered arrangement.
10. equipment according to claim 1, wherein first micro- girders layer includes multiple 4th pillars, the multiple 4th pillar is upwardly extended in the side perpendicular to the contact surface.
11. the equipment according to any one of preceding claims 1-6, wherein the equipment is configured to wearable with people Article be used together.
12. equipment according to claim 7, wherein the equipment is configured to be used together with the article that people is wearable.
13. the equipment according to any one of claim 8-10, wherein the equipment is configured to the object wearable with people Product are used together.
14. a kind of provide the method for air-flow to working face, the described method comprises the following steps:
First micro- girders layer is configured with to the aperture for allowing air to flow through described first micro- girders layer, described first is micro- Girders layer includes:
Multiple first pillars extended in a first direction;
Multiple second pillars extended in a second direction;With
The multiple third pillars extended along third direction,
First pillar, second pillar and the third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, first pillar, Second pillar and the third pillar are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle;
Described first micro- girders layer is configured to be applied to the working face, first micro- girders layer is configured to contacting The working face, total surface area of total surface area of the micro- girders layer at the contact surface in the working face are contacted at face About 1% to 50% between, wherein when densification strain under up to 50% when, first micro- girders layer is in the contact surface The ratio of the total surface area at place and the total surface area of the contact surface keeps substantially constant;With
The contact surface is configured to be drawn onto described first micro- girders layer from the working face by fluid.
15. a kind of provide the method for air-flow for working face, the described method comprises the following steps:
First micro- girders layer is configured with to the aperture for allowing air to flow through described first micro- girders layer, described first is micro- Girders layer includes:
Multiple first pillars extended in a first direction;
Multiple second pillars extended in a second direction;With
The multiple third pillars extended along third direction,
First pillar, second pillar and the third pillar intert each other at multiple nodes, first pillar, Second pillar and the third pillar are interted each other with non-perpendicular angle;
Second micro- girders layer is configured with to the aperture for being used for that moisture to be absorbed by described second micro- girders layer, described second is micro- Girders layer includes:
Multiple 4th pillars extended along fourth direction;
Multiple 5th pillars extended along the 5th direction;With
Multiple 6th pillars extended along the 6th direction;
Described second micro- girders layer is configured to be applied to the working face, second micro- girders layer is configured to contacting The working face, total surface area of total surface area of the micro- girders layer at the contact surface in the working face are contacted at face About 1% Dao about 50% between, wherein when densification strain under up to 50% when, first micro- girders layer is in the contact The ratio of the total surface area of total surface area and the contact surface at face keeps substantially constant;
The contact surface is configured to be drawn onto described second micro- girders layer from the working face by fluid;With
Described second micro- girders layer is attached into described first micro- truss between described first micro- girders layer and the contact surface Layer.
CN201380077884.4A 2013-06-26 2013-06-26 The micro- truss structure equipment of high gas flow Active CN105377069B (en)

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