CN105375562A - A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger - Google Patents

A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger Download PDF

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CN105375562A
CN105375562A CN201510727004.4A CN201510727004A CN105375562A CN 105375562 A CN105375562 A CN 105375562A CN 201510727004 A CN201510727004 A CN 201510727004A CN 105375562 A CN105375562 A CN 105375562A
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resistor
terminal
operational amplifier
triode
lithium battery
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CN105375562B (en
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邹小辉
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Nantong Hualong Microelectronics Co ltd
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant-current voltage-limiting lithium battery charger which comprises a triode T1, a resistor R1, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R10, a capacitor C6 and a potentiometer RP1, wherein one end of the resistor R10 is respectively connected with a power supply VCC and an emitter of a triode T1, a base of the triode T1 is respectively connected with an emitter of the triode T2 and a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is respectively connected with a collector of a triode T3 and a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a base of a triode T2, a collector of the triode T2 is respectively connected with a collector of a triode T1, a resistor R2 and an anode of a diode D6, the other end of the resistor R2 is respectively connected with cathodes of a resistor R3 and a diode D4. The constant-current voltage-limiting lithium battery charger has the advantages of simple circuit structure, safety, stability, small volume and low cost, and is very suitable for popularization and use.

Description

一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种锂电池充电器,具体是一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器。The invention relates to a lithium battery charger, in particular to a constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger.

背景技术Background technique

锂电池作为一种可以反复使用的电力储备装置,应用非常广泛,然而锂电池的使用寿命与它是否经常过充关系很大,经常的过充电,会极大程度缩短锂电池的寿命,现有的一些锂电池充电电路结构复杂,成本高,而且存在功能单一,没有充电保护等等缺点。As a power storage device that can be used repeatedly, lithium batteries are widely used. However, the service life of lithium batteries is closely related to whether they are often overcharged. Frequent overcharging will greatly shorten the life of lithium batteries. Existing Some of the current lithium battery charging circuits have complex structures, high costs, and have disadvantages such as single function and no charging protection.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器,包括三极管T1、电阻R1、运放U1、电阻R10、电容C6和电位器RP1,所述电阻R10一端分别连接电源VCC和三极管T1发射极,三极管T1基极分别连接三极管T2发射极和电容C6,电容C6另一端分别连接三极管T3集电极和电阻R1,电阻R1另一端连接三极管T2基极,三极管T2集电极分别连接三极管T1集电极、电阻R2和二极管D6正极,电阻R2另一端分别连接电阻R3和二极管D4负极,二极管D4正极连接电阻R4并接地,电阻R4另一端分别连接电阻R3另一端、电阻R7和运放U3同相端,运放U3反相端分别连接电阻R5和电位器RP1一端,电位器RP1另一端分别连接电源VCC、发光二极管D7正极和运放U4电源端,发光二极管D7负极连接电阻R13,电阻R13另一端连接运放U4输出端,运放U4同相端分别连接电阻R5另一端和电阻R6,电阻R6另一端连接运放U4接地端并接地,所述电位器RP1滑片通过电阻R8连接芯片U1同相端,运放U1反相端分别连接电阻R7另一端和电阻R9,电阻R9另一端分别连接电阻R10另一端、二极管D5正极、电容C5、运放U1输出端、运放U2输出端、电阻R14和电容C4,二极管D5负极分别连接电阻R11和三极管T3基极,电阻R11另一端分别连接电容C5另一端和三极管T3发射极并接地,所述运放U3输出端分别连接电阻R19和三极管T4基极,电阻R19另一端分别连接电源VCC、电阻R18和电阻R17,电阻R18另一端连接三极管T4集电极,三极管T4发射极分别连接接地电阻R16、电阻R17另一端和运放U2同相端,运放U2反相端分别连接电阻R15、电阻R14另一端和电容C4另一端,电阻R15另一端分别连接接地电阻R12和锂电池E负极,锂电池E正极连接二极管D6负极。A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger, comprising a triode T1, a resistor R1, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R10, a capacitor C6 and a potentiometer RP1, one end of the resistor R10 is respectively connected to a power supply VCC and the emitter of the triode T1, and the triode T1 The base is respectively connected to the emitter of the triode T2 and the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is respectively connected to the collector of the triode T3 and the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the base of the triode T2, and the collector of the triode T2 is respectively connected to the collector of the triode T1, the resistor R2 and The positive pole of diode D6, the other end of resistor R2 are respectively connected to resistor R3 and the negative pole of diode D4, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected to resistor R4 and grounded, the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the other end of resistor R3, resistor R7 and the same phase end of op amp U3, op amp U3 The phase terminals are respectively connected to the resistor R5 and one end of the potentiometer RP1, the other end of the potentiometer RP1 is respectively connected to the power supply VCC, the positive pole of the light-emitting diode D7 and the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier U4, the negative pole of the light-emitting diode D7 is connected to the resistor R13, and the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier U4 terminal, the same phase end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 respectively, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the ground terminal of the operational amplifier U4 and grounded, the slide plate of the potentiometer RP1 is connected to the same phase end of the chip U1 through the resistor R8, and the opposite end of the operational amplifier U1 The phase terminals are respectively connected to the other end of the resistor R7 and the resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is respectively connected to the other end of the resistor R10, the positive pole of the diode D5, the capacitor C5, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2, the resistor R14, the capacitor C4, and the diode D5 The negative electrode is respectively connected to the resistor R11 and the base of the transistor T3, the other end of the resistor R11 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C5 and the emitter of the transistor T3 and grounded, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is respectively connected to the resistor R19 and the base of the transistor T4, and the other end of the resistor R19 Connect the power supply VCC, resistor R18 and resistor R17 respectively, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to the collector of the triode T4, the emitter of the triode T4 is respectively connected to the grounding resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the same-phase terminal of the operational amplifier U2, and the inverting terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is respectively connected to Resistor R15, the other end of resistor R14 and the other end of capacitor C4, the other end of resistor R15 are respectively connected to grounding resistor R12 and the negative pole of lithium battery E, and the positive pole of lithium battery E is connected to the negative pole of diode D6.

作为本发明进一步的方案:所述运放U1、U2、U3和U4均采用LM339。As a further solution of the present invention: the operational amplifiers U1, U2, U3 and U4 all use LM339.

作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述电源VCC电压为12V。As a further solution of the present invention: the voltage of the power supply VCC is 12V.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明恒流限压式锂电池充电器,电路结构简单,安全稳定,体积小,成本低,非常适合推广使用。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger of the present invention has simple circuit structure, safety and stability, small volume and low cost, and is very suitable for popularization and use.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为恒流限压式锂电池充电器的电路图。Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

请参阅图1,本发明实施例中,一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器,包括三极管T1、电阻R1、运放U1、电阻R10、电容C6和电位器RP1,电阻R10一端分别连接电源VCC和三极管T1发射极,三极管T1基极分别连接三极管T2发射极和电容C6,电容C6另一端分别连接三极管T3集电极和电阻R1,电阻R1另一端连接三极管T2基极,三极管T2集电极分别连接三极管T1集电极、电阻R2和二极管D6正极,电阻R2另一端分别连接电阻R3和二极管D4负极,二极管D4正极连接电阻R4并接地,电阻R4另一端分别连接电阻R3另一端、电阻R7和运放U3同相端,运放U3反相端分别连接电阻R5和电位器RP1一端,电位器RP1另一端分别连接电源VCC、发光二极管D7正极和运放U4电源端,发光二极管D7负极连接电阻R13,电阻R13另一端连接运放U4输出端,运放U4同相端分别连接电阻R5另一端和电阻R6,电阻R6另一端连接运放U4接地端并接地,电位器RP1滑片通过电阻R8连接芯片U1同相端,运放U1反相端分别连接电阻R7另一端和电阻R9,电阻R9另一端分别连接电阻R10另一端、二极管D5正极、电容C5、运放U1输出端、运放U2输出端、电阻R14和电容C4,二极管D5负极分别连接电阻R11和三极管T3基极,电阻R11另一端分别连接电容C5另一端和三极管T3发射极并接地,运放U3输出端分别连接电阻R19和三极管T4基极,电阻R19另一端分别连接电源VCC、电阻R18和电阻R17,电阻R18另一端连接三极管T4集电极,三极管T4发射极分别连接接地电阻R16、电阻R17另一端和运放U2同相端,运放U2反相端分别连接电阻R15、电阻R14另一端和电容C4另一端,电阻R15另一端分别连接接地电阻R12和锂电池E负极,锂电池E正极连接二极管D6负极。Please refer to Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger includes a triode T1, a resistor R1, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R10, a capacitor C6 and a potentiometer RP1, and one end of the resistor R10 is respectively connected to the power supply VCC and the emitter of the transistor T1, the base of the transistor T1 are respectively connected to the emitter of the transistor T2 and the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is respectively connected to the collector of the transistor T3 and the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the base of the transistor T2, and the collector of the transistor T2 is respectively Connect the collector of triode T1, resistor R2 and the positive pole of diode D6, the other end of resistor R2 is respectively connected to resistor R3 and the negative pole of diode D4, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected to resistor R4 and grounded, and the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the other end of resistor R3, resistor R7 and operation Connect the same phase terminal of U3, the inverting terminal of op amp U3 to one end of resistor R5 and potentiometer RP1, the other end of potentiometer RP1 is respectively connected to the power supply VCC, the positive pole of light-emitting diode D7 and the power supply terminal of op amp U4, and the negative pole of light-emitting diode D7 is connected to resistor R13. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the output terminal of op amp U4, the same phase end of op amp U4 is connected to the other end of resistor R5 and resistor R6 respectively, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to the ground terminal of op amp U4 and grounded, and the slider of potentiometer RP1 is connected to chip U1 through resistor R8 The same phase terminal, the inverting terminal of op amp U1 are respectively connected to the other end of resistor R7 and resistor R9, and the other end of resistor R9 is respectively connected to the other end of resistor R10, the positive pole of diode D5, capacitor C5, the output end of op amp U1, the output end of op amp U2, the resistor R14 and capacitor C4, the cathode of diode D5 are respectively connected to the resistor R11 and the base of the transistor T3, the other end of the resistor R11 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C5 and the emitter of the transistor T3 and grounded, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is respectively connected to the resistor R19 and the base of the transistor T4 , the other end of the resistor R19 is connected to the power supply VCC, the resistor R18 and the resistor R17 respectively, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to the collector of the triode T4, and the emitter of the triode T4 is connected to the grounding resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 and the same phase terminal of the op amp U2, and the op amp U2 The inverting terminal is respectively connected to the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R14 and the other end of the capacitor C4, the other end of the resistor R15 is respectively connected to the grounding resistor R12 and the negative pole of the lithium battery E, and the positive pole of the lithium battery E is connected to the negative pole of the diode D6.

运放U1、U2、U3和U4均采用LM339。The operational amplifiers U1, U2, U3 and U4 all use LM339.

电源VCC电压为12V。The power supply VCC voltage is 12V.

本发明的工作原理是:当锂电池E电压较低时,充电器工作在小电流维护充电状态下,工作原理为U3同相端电位低于反相端,U3输出低电位,T4截止,U2同相端电位约0.18V,此时充电电流约250mA,恒流电路由R14、U2、T1及其周边外围电路构成;随着充电继续,锂电池E电压逐渐升高,当锂电池E电压超过9V时,充电器转入大电流快充模式下,U3同相端电位高于反相端,U3输出高电位,T4导通,U2同相端电位约为0.48V,充电器恒定输出约1A电流给锂电池E充电;当锂电池E接近充足电时,充电器自动转入限压浮充状态下,此时的充电电流会由快速充电状态下逐渐下降,至锂电池E完全充足电后,充电电流仅为10~30mA,用以补充锂电池E因自放电而损失的电量。The working principle of the present invention is: when the lithium battery E voltage is low, the charger works in a small current maintenance charging state, the working principle is that the potential of the same-phase terminal of U3 is lower than that of the negative-phase terminal, U3 outputs a low potential, T4 is cut off, and U2 is in the same phase The terminal potential is about 0.18V. At this time, the charging current is about 250mA. The constant current circuit is composed of R14, U2, T1 and its peripheral circuits. As the charging continues, the voltage of lithium battery E gradually increases. When the voltage of lithium battery E exceeds 9V , when the charger enters the high-current fast charging mode, the potential of U3’s non-inverting terminal is higher than that of the inverting terminal, U3 outputs a high potential, T4 is turned on, the potential of U2’s non-inverting terminal is about 0.48V, and the charger outputs a constant current of about 1A to the lithium battery E charging; when the lithium battery E is nearly fully charged, the charger will automatically switch to the floating charge state with limited voltage, and the charging current at this time will gradually decrease from the fast charging state, until the lithium battery E is fully charged, the charging current is only It is 10-30mA, which is used to replenish the power lost by the lithium battery E due to self-discharge.

本电路设有反极性保护电路,由D4、U3、U2、T1及外围元件构成,当锂电池E反接时,充电器限制输出电流不致发生事故,充电指示由U4、D7及外围元件构成,充电时,D7点亮,充电器进入浮充状态后,D7熄灭,表示充电结束。This circuit is equipped with a reverse polarity protection circuit, which is composed of D4, U3, U2, T1 and peripheral components. When the lithium battery E is reversed, the charger will limit the output current to prevent accidents. The charging indication is composed of U4, D7 and peripheral components. , when charging, D7 lights up, after the charger enters the floating charge state, D7 goes out, indicating that the charging is over.

对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1.一种恒流限压式锂电池充电器,包括三极管T1、电阻R1、运放U1、电阻R10、电容C6和电位器RP1,其特征在于,所述电阻R10一端分别连接电源VCC和三极管T1发射极,三极管T1基极分别连接三极管T2发射极和电容C6,电容C6另一端分别连接三极管T3集电极和电阻R1,电阻R1另一端连接三极管T2基极,三极管T2集电极分别连接三极管T1集电极、电阻R2和二极管D6正极,电阻R2另一端分别连接电阻R3和二极管D4负极,二极管D4正极连接电阻R4并接地,电阻R4另一端分别连接电阻R3另一端、电阻R7和运放U3同相端,运放U3反相端分别连接电阻R5和电位器RP1一端,电位器RP1另一端分别连接电源VCC、发光二极管D7正极和运放U4电源端,发光二极管D7负极连接电阻R13,电阻R13另一端连接运放U4输出端,运放U4同相端分别连接电阻R5另一端和电阻R6,电阻R6另一端连接运放U4接地端并接地,所述电位器RP1滑片通过电阻R8连接芯片U1同相端,运放U1反相端分别连接电阻R7另一端和电阻R9,电阻R9另一端分别连接电阻R10另一端、二极管D5正极、电容C5、运放U1输出端、运放U2输出端、电阻R14和电容C4,二极管D5负极分别连接电阻R11和三极管T3基极,电阻R11另一端分别连接电容C5另一端和三极管T3发射极并接地,所述运放U3输出端分别连接电阻R19和三极管T4基极,电阻R19另一端分别连接电源VCC、电阻R18和电阻R17,电阻R18另一端连接三极管T4集电极,三极管T4发射极分别连接接地电阻R16、电阻R17另一端和运放U2同相端,运放U2反相端分别连接电阻R15、电阻R14另一端和电容C4另一端,电阻R15另一端分别连接接地电阻R12和锂电池E负极,锂电池E正极连接二极管D6负极。1. A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger, comprising a triode T1, a resistor R1, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R10, a capacitor C6 and a potentiometer RP1, wherein one end of the resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC and the triode respectively The emitter of T1 and the base of transistor T1 are respectively connected to the emitter of transistor T2 and capacitor C6. The other end of capacitor C6 is respectively connected to the collector of transistor T3 and resistor R1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the base of transistor T2. The collector of transistor T2 is connected to transistor T1. Collector, resistor R2 and the positive pole of diode D6, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to resistor R3 and the negative pole of diode D4 respectively, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected to resistor R4 and grounded, the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the other end of resistor R3, resistor R7 and operational amplifier U3 are in phase terminal, the inverting terminal of operational amplifier U3 is connected to resistor R5 and one terminal of potentiometer RP1 respectively, the other terminal of potentiometer RP1 is connected to power supply VCC, the positive pole of light-emitting diode D7 and the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U4, the negative pole of light-emitting diode D7 is connected to resistor R13, and the other terminal of resistor R13 One end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U4, the same phase end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 respectively, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the ground terminal of the operational amplifier U4 and grounded, and the slider of the potentiometer RP1 is connected to the same phase of the chip U1 through the resistor R8 The opposite end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R7 and the resistor R9 respectively, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the other end of the resistor R10, the positive pole of the diode D5, the capacitor C5, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2, and the resistor R14 and the capacitor C4, the cathode of the diode D5 is respectively connected to the resistor R11 and the base of the transistor T3, the other end of the resistor R11 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C5 and the emitter of the transistor T3 and grounded, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is respectively connected to the resistor R19 and the base of the transistor T4 The other end of the resistor R19 is connected to the power supply VCC, the resistor R18 and the resistor R17 respectively, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to the collector of the triode T4, and the emitter of the triode T4 is respectively connected to the grounding resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 and the same phase end of the op amp U2, and the op amp The inverting terminal of U2 is respectively connected to the resistor R15, the other terminal of the resistor R14 and the other terminal of the capacitor C4, the other terminal of the resistor R15 is respectively connected to the grounding resistor R12 and the negative pole of the lithium battery E, and the positive pole of the lithium battery E is connected to the negative pole of the diode D6. 2.根据权利要求1所述的恒流限压式锂电池充电器,其特征在于,所述运放U1、U2、U3和U4均采用LM339。2. The constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the operational amplifiers U1, U2, U3 and U4 are all LM339. 3.根据权利要求1所述的恒流限压式锂电池充电器,其特征在于,所述电源VCC电压为12V。3. The constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the power supply VCC is 12V.
CN201510727004.4A 2015-10-28 2015-10-28 A constant current and voltage limiting lithium battery charger Withdrawn - After Issue CN105375562B (en)

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CN113904453B (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-10-27 重庆电哥科技(集团)有限公司 A backup energy storage parallel system and its control method

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