CN105352430A - Laterally-distributed five-sensitive-grid edge interdigital metal foil gauge capable of measurement of lateral partial derivatives of outer sides of single-side double-bias outside sensitive grids - Google Patents
Laterally-distributed five-sensitive-grid edge interdigital metal foil gauge capable of measurement of lateral partial derivatives of outer sides of single-side double-bias outside sensitive grids Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laterally-distributed five-sensitive-grid edge interdigital metal foil gauge capable of measurement of lateral partial derivatives of outer sides of single-side double-bias outside sensitive grids. The metal foil gauge comprises a substrate and five sensitive grids arranged thereon, each sensitive grid comprises a sensitive segment and a transition segment, and axes of all the sensitive segments are parallel lines in the same plane; in the plane, the direction along the direction of the axes is an axial direction, and the direction vertical to the axial direction is a lateral direction; centers of the five sensitive grids are not axially deviated yet laterally deviated; the sensitive grids are a sparse first sensitive grid, a sparse second sensitive grid, an intermediate sensitive grid, a dense second sensitive grid and a dense first sensitive grid from top to bottom along the lateral direction according to a sequence of center positions of the sensitive grids; and two upper sensitive grids and two lower sensitive grids are respectively interdigitally arranged, and total resistance change values of the sensitive grids under the same strain are 3:3:8:5:5. According to the invention, through time division multiplexing of the intermediate sensitive grid, strain lateral first-order partial derivatives of positions where the intervals between outer sides below the centers of the dense first sensitive grid and the dense second sensitive grid and the centers are equal to the intervals between the centers to the center of the intermediate sensitive grid can almost be measured at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, and namely tinsel is when being subject to effects of strain, and its resistance, along with the size of occurred mechanically deform (stretching or compression), corresponding change occurs.The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.Tinsel occurs in the process of mechanically deform bearing strain, and ρ, L, S three will change, thus will inevitably cause the change of metal material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increases, and sectional area reduces, and resistance value increases; When by compression, length reduces, and sectional area increases, and resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, just known strained situation wiry.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be derived by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the variable quantity of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction, and ε is that the strain on same direction is usually called axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto the surface of Sensor Elastic Element or tested mechanical component.When the flexible member in sensor or tested mechanical component produce strain by acting force, also there is identical mechanically deform in the foil gauge pasted thereon thereupon, causes foil gauge resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, mechanical quantity is just converted to the variable quantity output of resistance by resistance strain gage.
But we also need the partial derivative understanding workpiece strain sometimes, such as have three kinds of occasions below, but are not limited thereto three, need to use surface of the work strain partial derivative:
The first, concentrate owing to there will be strain near workpiece shapes sudden change place, often become workpiece and first occur damaging part, the strain partial derivative near sudden change place of monitoring shape, this place strain intensity can be obtained intuitively.
Second, exist in a large number by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, mechanics of materials relevant knowledge tells us, bent beam surface axial strain is directly proportional to section turn moment, the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to cross section shearing strain, namely can know cross section shearing strain by the axial first-order partial derivative of surperficial axial strain, and this shearing strain directly cannot measure at surface of the work with foil gauge;
3rd, during applied elasticity research workpiece strain, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs boundary condition, and surface of the work strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, and this is that general foil gauge cannot provide.
In addition, to some position of workpiece, the such as position such as the shaft shoulder, part edge place, due to the sudden change of geomery, it strains the change that often corresponding existence is larger.But, just due to the sudden change of geomery, make the foil gauge that the more difficult arrangement in this place is general, need a kind of energy inclined edge of monitor strain the sheet even product of edge outer fix instead of center position strain local derviation.So just can realize avoiding more difficult a distance, the target measured point layout foil gauge laying foil gauge, and finally measure the strain local derviation at this target measured point place.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of strain local derviation cannot be detected in order to overcome existing metal strain plate, the invention provides a kind of can monitor strain cross direction profiles five sensitive grid the limit interdigital metal strain plate, particularly measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. of measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid that more effectively can detect the horizontal local derviation of surface strain to foil gauge have size restriction site or other should not arrange the horizontal single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, and the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate is fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the axial direction between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and be transversely followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from top to bottom, dredge second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid, the spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
a, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ y
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
b, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ y
b, Δ y
a> Δ y
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the spacing at close second sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is Δ y
1; Δ y
1=Δ y
a-Δ y
b;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and top is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid, in interdigital layout between bottom close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is 3:3:8:5:5, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close first sensitive grid are also 3:3:8:5:5.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 3:3:8:5:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, among five sensitive grids, except being interdigital layout between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
Utilize the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge may be used for monitor strain as common foil gauge.On the other hand, according to (" numerical computation method " 21 pages (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formula as Yi Fengkang etc. compiles, National Defense Industry Press publishes in Dec, 1978 makes equidistant interpolation analysis) in numerical differentiation theory about the circular of single order local derviation, the numerical computation method of the y direction first-order partial derivative of f (x, y) is as follows:
Wherein y
1=y
0+ h, y
2=y
1+ h, paying special attention to above formula is (x, y
2+ h) the first-order partial derivative value formula of position, the truncation error of this formula is less is o (h
2) be the higher order indefinite small of step-length square.By the strain that formula (2) engineering be it is generally acknowledged sensitive grid resistance change direct ratio and sensitive grid center, in conjunction with the proportionate relationship of each sensitive grid resistance and the resistance change under same strain, dredge the resistance of first sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid and deduct the resistance value of middle sensitive grid, distance again divided by thin first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, according to numerical differentiation theory, this is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of close first sensitive grid center to downside h distance, here h equals the half of thin first sensitive grid center to the spacing at close first sensitive grid center certainly, equally, dredge the resistance of second sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid and deduct the resistance value of middle sensitive grid, distance again divided by thin second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, according to numerical differentiation theory, this is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of close second sensitive grid center to downside h distance, and h here equals the half of thin second sensitive grid center to the spacing at close second sensitive grid center certainly.The horizontal single order local derviation of above-mentioned two positions, place realizes almost measuring by centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of this foil gauge be to can be used on the downside of it general foil gauge such as measuring workpieces corner, edge due to size restriction cannot the horizontal single order local derviation of two place's close positions of measuring point.
Technique should be noted keep thin first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid transition section all-in resistance and the variable quantity of transition section resistance under external strain to be that the numerical relation of 3:3:8:5:5 is to heighten measuring accuracy, if the resistance of transition section and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, also can be eliminated when detecting as systematic error.
Further, described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
Further again, described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Described five sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.Certainly, also can be other arrangement.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: by sensitive grid in time-sharing multiplex, foil gauge almost can detect the horizontal single order local derviation at one place, outside under one place, outside and close second sensitive grid center under close first sensitive grid center simultaneously, wherein under close first sensitive grid center outside axially with close first sensitive grid center bias free, transversely the spacing at this place and close first sensitive grid center equals the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center; Under close second sensitive grid center outside axially with close second sensitive grid center bias free, transversely the spacing at this place and close second sensitive grid center equals the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center.Therefore can there be the horizontal single order local derviations of two place close positions of size restriction site the downside of foil gauge to foil gauge in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit can measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit can measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is two kinds of sensitive segment length configuration calculation specifications figure of sensitive grid.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4, a kind of interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the axial direction between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and be transversely followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from top to bottom, dredge second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid, the spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
a, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ y
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
b, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ y
b, Δ y
a> Δ y
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the spacing at close second sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is Δ y
1; Δ y
1=Δ y
a-Δ y
b;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and top is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid, in interdigital layout between bottom close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is 3:3:8:5:5, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close first sensitive grid are also 3:3:8:5:5.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 3:3:8:5:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, among five sensitive grids, except being interdigital layout between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
The interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit measuring horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid of the present embodiment, comprise substrate 1, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate 1 are fixed described five sensitive grids.
Thin first sensitive grid 2 can be fixed on substrate 1, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6, for keep each sensitive grid fixing shape, position and size; Substrate 1 is very thin, thus the strain of surface of test piece is delivered to exactly thin first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Usually with cohering, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.Substrate 1 also can be printed on the lines that some are located for foil gauge.
The materials such as cover plate paper using or glue are made, and are covered in thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge in second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and substrate 1, play the protective seam of the effects such as protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention.
Pin 7 is for connecting sensitive grid and metering circuit, dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 respectively have two pins 7, to with foil and membrane type foil gauge, the thin first sensitive grid 2 that pin 7 is connected with it, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 combine as a whole.Two pins dredging first sensitive grid 2 are 7-1 and 7-2, two pins dredging second sensitive grid 3 are 7-3 and 7-4, two pins of middle sensitive grid 4 are 7-5 and 7-6, and two pins of close second sensitive grid 5 are 7-7 and 7-8, and two pins of close first sensitive grid 6 are 7-9 and 7-10.
Dredging first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 difference according to its metal sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of dredges first sensitive grid 2, to dredge the thickness of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 all very little, make thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge the axial length of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 with it depend on the deformation of workpiece and change.The basic crucial part of the present invention is thin first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, cooperation between close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6, have following main points:
The first, five sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, is called thin first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6.
The second, dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 all can be divided into multiple sensitive segment 8 and multiple transition section 9, each sensitive segment 8 is connected to form sensitive grid by each transition section 9.Comparatively speaking, sensitive segment 8 is in elongated shape, and resistance is comparatively large and its resistance is comparatively responsive to strain; Described transition section 9, substantially in tubbiness shape, makes the resistance of described transition section very little and insensitive to strain, and under duty, resistance variations is close to 0, and therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid substantially.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 8 and transition section 9 in more detail from angle more clearly.
3rd, the sensitive segment of each sensitive grid 8 is in elongated strip, and all xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment 8 form sensitive segment axis, and this sensitive segment 8 axis is straight line section, the axis being parallel of each sensitive segment 8 and be arranged in same plane.All xsects of each sensitive segment 8 are consistent along the projection of shape of sensitive segment axis direction.Get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, dredging first sensitive grid 2, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment total length of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 be 3:3:8:5:5, about how realizing this length ratio relation to see below the method for composition graphs 4 explanation; Dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 is 3:3:8:5:5, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close first sensitive grid 6 are also 3:3:8:5:5.
5th, overlook thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6, they respectively have the sensitive segment that two kinds of length are different with axial starting point, terminal is identical, the two hop count is identical, above-mentioned each sensitive grid center can all be configured in y-axis by both choose reasonable length, and concrete grammar sees below the explanation of composition graphs 4.Dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge the center of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 all in y-axis, there is lateral deviation at their center without axial deviation.According to the vertical view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, the sensitive segment 8 dredging first sensitive grid 2 has axial axis of symmetry x
sA, dredge the center of first sensitive grid 2 at y-axis and x
sAthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 dredging second sensitive grid 3 has axial axis of symmetry x
sB, dredge the center of second sensitive grid 3 at y-axis and x
sBthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of middle sensitive grid 4 has axial axis of symmetry x
m, the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is at y-axis and x
mthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of close second sensitive grid 5 has axial axis of symmetry x
dB, the center of close second sensitive grid 5 is at y-axis and x
dBthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of close first sensitive grid 6 has axial axis of symmetry x
dA, the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is at y-axis and x
dAthe intersection point of axle.
6th, the spacing of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
a, the spacing at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is also Δ y
a; The spacing of dredging the center of second sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
b, the spacing at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 5 is also Δ y
b, Δ y
a> Δ y
b; The distance of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ y
1, the spacing at the center of close second sensitive grid 5 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is Δ y
1, Δ y
1=Δ y
a-Δ y
b, as shown in Figure 2.Shown in Fig. 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and top is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid 2 and thin second sensitive grid 3, in interdigital layout between bottom close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment 8 axis of two sensitive grids institute.Because thin first sensitive grid 2, the relative position of dredging second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 are ensured quite accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, this is also that the present invention can detect workpiece and strains one of key of horizontal partial derivative.
In sum, the present invention dredges the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close first sensitive grid 6 are also 3:3:8:5:5, each sensitive grid central shaft is to bias free, laterally have deviation, the spacing of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
a, the spacing at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is also Δ y
a; The spacing of dredging the center of second sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
b, the spacing at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 5 is also Δ y
b, Δ y
a> Δ y
b; The distance of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ y
1, the spacing at the center of close second sensitive grid 5 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is Δ y
1, Δ y
1=Δ y
a-Δ y
b.
Dredging first sensitive grid 2 resistance under making free state is R
u0, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R
m0, close first sensitive grid 6 resistance is R
l0, should R be had
l0+ R
r0=R
m0=R
0.Foil gauge of the present invention is placed in certain when having a surface strain, dredging first sensitive grid 2 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
u, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
m0, close first sensitive grid 6 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
l; On the other hand, the center of dredging first sensitive grid 2 and close first sensitive grid 6 lays respectively at y-axis and x in Fig. 2
sAintersection point and y-axis and x
dAintersection point, transversely at a distance of 2 Δ y
a.The relation of sensitive grid resistance and surface strain and the formula of numerical differentiation is utilized to have:
Wherein
for Δ y on the downside of close first sensitive grid 6 center
aplace, namely y-axis and x in Fig. 2
oAintersection point, ε
ufor the strain of thin first sensitive grid 2 center, ε
mfor the strain of middle sensitive grid 4 center, ε
lfor the strain of close first sensitive grid 6 center.Namely this is the principle that the present embodiment measured surface strains horizontal local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula calculates is outside Δ y under close first sensitive grid 6 center deviation
athe horizontal single order local derviation of strain, this position is the lower edge of foil gauge even outside edge, therefore has and is convenient to there are the horizontal single order local derviation of size restriction site in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. advantage to foil gauge.Equally, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4 and close second sensitive grid 5 and can coordinate Δ y on the downside of close second sensitive grid 5 center of calculating
bplace, namely y-axis and x in Fig. 2
oBthe intersection point of axle, the horizontal first-order partial derivative of strain.Outside Δ y under above-mentioned close first sensitive grid 6 center deviation
aoutside Δ y under the horizontal single order local derviation of the strain of position and close second sensitive grid 5 center deviation
bthe horizontal first-order partial derivative of strain of position can realize almost measuring by centering sensitive grid 4 time-sharing multiplex simultaneously.
Coordinated by the present embodiment electric bridge to can be used for monitor strain, strain horizontal single order local derviation, suppose that bridge input voltage is u
i, output voltage is u
o, Fig. 3 is shown in by the schematic diagram of measuring bridge.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is labeled as R respectively according to clockwise direction
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, when obscuring also with these sign flag resistance place electric bridges.Each electric bridge can be laid sensitive grid or the resistance of foil gauge.Arrange identical with general foil gauge, if settle sensitive grid on multiple brachium pontis, to the order of each installation position, the requirement of strain difinite quality.During without workpiece effects of strain, the Output Voltage Formula of electric bridge is
Now, bridge balance i.e. u is required
o=0, so so-called bridge balance condition R must be met
1r
3-R
2r
4=0, the electric bridge of employing meets further
R
1＝R
2＝R
3＝R
4，(5)
Because, the first, satisfy condition (5) time, the highest according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity; The second, monitor strain or strain horizontal local derviation the equal requirement condition of method (5) set up.When foil gauge, with external world's strain, strain also occurs, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is generally no longer set up, now
Due to Δ R
i< < R
i(i=1,2,3,4) event first ≈ sets up, and second ≈ is as Δ R
1-Δ R
2with Δ R
3-Δ R
4jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R
1-Δ R
2| with | Δ R
3-Δ R
4| not very close to time set up, in engineering, choose reasonable foil gauge installation position can realize completely.The voltage measurement strain that general available formula (6) obtains; Can convolution (3) and formula (6) to the horizontal local derviation of strain, reasonable design arranges each brachium pontis sensitive grid and resistance, such as brachium pontis R
1sensitive grid 4 in layout, brachium pontis R
2arranged in series close first sensitive grid 6 and thin first sensitive grid 2, all the other brachium pontis configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain and outside Δ y under close first sensitive grid 6 center deviation
athe magnitude of voltage u that the horizontal single order local derviation of the strain of position is linear
o, this voltage is that feeble signal need be amplified.
Composition graphs 4, illustrates each sensitive grid how in design drawing 2.In Fig. 2, each sensitive grid is furnished with the sensitive segment that two kinds of length are different with axial starting point, terminal is identical, and its fundamental purpose is the center of two interdigital each other sensitive grids can be configured in the y-axis in Fig. 2, and principle is shown in Fig. 4.Have the local of two sensitive grid A and B in Fig. 4, A has A1 and A2 two kinds of sensitive segments, and B has B1 and B2 two kinds of sensitive segments.Each size is shown in Fig. 4, and wherein d is the size that technique determines, thinks definite value; L=2l-x is the overall length of A1 and A2, in design drawing 2 during each sensitive grid, according to resistance ratio and sensitive segment number, can determine its value, therefore also thinks in Fig. 4 that L determines; The amount determined is needed to be l and x in Fig. 4.Because A only has A1 and A2 two kinds of sensitive segments, and the hop count of the two is identical, as long as therefore be configured in the y-axis in Fig. 4 by the common center of one section of A1 and section A2.Linear relationship in conjunction with resistance value and length obviously has following system of equations:
Wherein first formula left side
refer to the distance of the off-centring y-axis of A1, the right
it is then the distance of the off-centring y-axis of A2.According to symmetry, l and x that can solve from above-mentioned formula is equally applicable to B1 and B2.And then l and x of each sensitive grid first can first determine L combined process length d and being solved by formula (7) again by the sensitive grid length in earlier stage determined, proportionate relationship, sensitive segment hop count etc. in foil gauge.
Claims (6)
1. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid for one kind, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the axial direction between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and be transversely followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from top to bottom, dredge second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid, the spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
a, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ y
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
b, the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ y
b, Δ y
a> Δ y
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the spacing at close second sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is Δ y
1; Δ y
1=Δ y
a-Δ y
b;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and top is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid, in interdigital layout between bottom close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is 3:3:8:5:5, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close first sensitive grid are also 3:3:8:5:5.
2. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 3:3:8:5:5.
3. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
4. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
5. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
6. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside one-sided double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described five sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.
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