CN105351925B - 低排放燃气燃烧炉及其助燃空气配置方法 - Google Patents
低排放燃气燃烧炉及其助燃空气配置方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105351925B CN105351925B CN201510754116.9A CN201510754116A CN105351925B CN 105351925 B CN105351925 B CN 105351925B CN 201510754116 A CN201510754116 A CN 201510754116A CN 105351925 B CN105351925 B CN 105351925B
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- Prior art keywords
- combustion air
- aditus laryngis
- cyclone
- combustion
- fumarole
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 210000003800 Pharynx Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances 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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
一种低排放燃气燃烧炉及其助燃空气配置方法，涉及燃烧设备技术领域，所解决的是降低NOx排放量的技术问题。该燃气燃烧炉喉口内由外至内依序同轴套设第一旋流器、中间筒、第二旋流器；第一旋流器外环与喉口内壁之间对称布设有多块稳焰板；稳焰板之间有多个L型燃气枪和斜口燃气枪围绕喉口的轴心等径布设固定，L型燃气枪上开设有向前喷气孔、径向喷气孔、回喷喷气孔和多个侧向喷气孔；斜口燃气枪上有多个斜向喷气孔，燃气出射方向都朝外倾斜呈发散状态互不干扰。助燃空气从中间筒内中心助燃空气通道和中间筒外第二助燃空气通道进入喉口，从第二助燃空气通道进入喉口的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的80％～95％。本发明提供的燃气燃烧炉，NOx排放量低。
Description
低排放燃气燃烧炉及其助燃空气配置方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种燃气燃烧设备，特别是涉及一种N0X排放小于15ppm的超低排放燃 气燃烧炉，属工业锅炉技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 环境问题，特别是工业锅炉NOx排放导致的空气污染，己经严重影响人民的生活和 健康。NOx排放导致酸雨形成、空气中雾霾的产生，已经越来越受到政府和人民的重视。在工 业锅炉领域、以及电站锅炉领域，国家已经出台了近乎严苛的标准和法规，对NOx排放已经 不满足于国标的lOOppm，2015年起在北京等城市已经要求NOx排放小于40ppm，新建锅炉要 求NOx排放小于15ppm，同时天津、乌鲁木齐以及一些用气供暖公司都纷纷提出了大功率燃 烧器的低排放要求，而电厂的燃气启动锅炉要求排放在40ppm以下。国家出台的标准和法规 赋予环保部门实际执法权力加强监管和对违规者的处罚。
[0003]现有的燃气炉都采用烟气再循环方法来降低NOx排放，该方法将锅炉烟气抽取出 一部分与新鲜空气混合后送入燃烧炉与燃气混合燃烧，其机理主要是降低空气中的氧浓 度，减少空气中的氮与氧结合的概率。但是这种方法是燃烧器的辅助方法，降低N〇x的效率 有限，需要增大鼓风机功率和耗电量，同时此法也增加了燃烧的不稳定性的可能，容易引起 喘震;在专利号为ZL201010283095.4的中国专利文献《烟气再循环技术以及燃烧器助燃风 与循环烟气预混合装置》中已经有详细阐述。
[0004] 此外，NOx低排放还要求锅炉炉膛尺寸要尽可能大，以有利于火焰伸展开，因此大 部分的小炉膛空间燃烧的燃烧器的NOx排放量都比较高。对于大功率更低排放、适应性强、 适应小炉膛空间燃烧的燃烧器还有进一步研宄空间。
发明内容
[0005] 针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种NCbdf 放量低的低排放燃气燃烧炉。
[0006] 为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所提供的一种低排放燃气燃烧炉，包括喉口，及分 别安装在喉口内的第一旋流器、中间筒、第二旋流器，其特征在于：
[0007] 所述喉口、第一旋流器、中间筒、第二旋流器由外至内依序同轴套设，所述第一旋 流器的内壁与所述中间筒外壁相接，且端面平齐；
[0008] 所述第一旋流器的外径小于喉口的内径，所述第一旋流器外环与所述喉口内壁之 间的环形空间内固定设置有多块稳焰板，各所述稳焰板围绕喉口的轴心对称均匀布设，且 每块所述稳焰板上都均布有多个前后贯通的冷却孔；
[0009] 第一旋流器外环与喉口内壁之间的环形空间内，各所述稳焰板之间还固定设置有 多个用于喷射燃气的L型燃气枪和斜口燃气枪，所述L型燃气枪枪身的垂直边与所述斜口燃 气枪枪身都位于所述喉口内侧等径均匀布设固定，所述L型燃气枪的水平边与所述喉口端 面平行；
[0010] 所述L型燃气枪上开设有多种喷气孔，分别为向前喷气孔、径向喷气孔、侧向喷气 孔及多个回喷喷气孔，其中向前喷气孔燃气出射方向朝前，径向喷气孔燃气出射方向朝向 燃烧器的中心，侧向喷气孔燃气出射方向与所述径向喷气孔燃气出射方向垂直，回喷喷气 孔燃气出射方向朝向炉芯里侧，与从稳焰板和喉口之间轴向流动的轴流风对冲；
[0011] 相邻的所述L型燃气枪之间中间位置至少布设有一个所述斜口燃气枪，所述斜口 燃气枪的斜面向外朝向燃烧器炉膛的周边。所述斜口燃气枪的数量可根据炉膛规格大小决 定，斜口枪相互紧邻可适当分散斜口枪燃气。
[0012] 所述斜口燃气枪的端部斜面上置有多个斜向喷气孔，且各斜向喷气孔的燃气出射 方向都朝外倾斜呈发散状态互不干扰。
[0013] 所述中间筒内、以及中间筒与第二旋流器之间置有中心助燃空气通道，所述中间 筒外侧面与所述喉口内壁之间置有第二助燃空气通道。
[0014] 所述低排放燃气燃烧炉的助燃空气配置方法，其特征在于:助燃空气分两路，分别 从中心助燃空气通道和第二助燃空气通道进入喉口：
[0015] 从所述中心助燃空气通道进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的5〜20%;其中一部 分呈轴向低速风，直接通过中间筒并从所述中间筒与所述第二旋流器之间流出，另一部分 经过所述第二旋流器后呈微旋流风，起到冷却根部火焰和降低中心火焰温度的作用；
[0016] 从所述第二助燃空气通道进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的80%〜95%，其中一 部分流经所述第一旋流器后呈旋流风，另一部分从所述第一旋流器外周的稳焰板上多个前 后贯通的冷却孔流出作冷却用，其余在稳焰板与喉口内壁之间的空间内沿喉口轴向流动呈 轴流风，与L型燃气枪回喷喷气孔喷出的细燃气流对冲。
[0017]本发明提供的低排放燃气炉，1)由于L型燃气枪与空气提前多方向部分预混，特别 是L型燃气枪上的径向喷气孔为燃烧提供了必要的中心热源，以稳定根部火焰，并且合理地 使得燃气与助燃空气在炉膛空间均匀混合燃烧，避免了局部高温的产生;2)斜口燃气枪则 在L型燃气枪形成的中心火焰外侧形成外围火焰，从而最大限度利用了炉膛空间，使燃气能 在整个燃烧室尽可能大的空间里燃烧，使得炉膛内各个部分的热负荷均匀，降低了火焰平 均温度和峰值温度，从而降低了 NOx排放，并且有效避免了 一氧化碳产生，燃烧稳定可靠。
附图说明
[0018]图1是本发明低排放燃气燃烧炉的炉面结构示意图；
[0019]图2是本发明低排放燃气燃烧炉的轴向剖视结构示意图；
[0020]图3是本发明低排放燃气燃烧炉中的L型燃气枪的剖视结构示意图；
[0021]图4是图3的A向结构示意图；
[0022]图5是本发明实施例中的斜口燃气枪的轴向剖视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0023]以下结合附图说明对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述，但本实施例并不用于限 制本发明，凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化，均应列入本发明的保护范围，本发明 中的顿号均表不和的关系。
[0024]如图1-图5所示，本发明实施例所提供的一种低排放燃气燃烧炉，包括喉口 1，及分 别安装在喉口 1内的第一旋流器2、中间筒4、第二旋流器3,其特征在于：
[0025] 所述喉口 1、第一旋流器2、中间筒4、第二旋流器3由外至内依序同轴套设，所述第 一旋流器2的内壁与所述中间筒4的外壁相接，且端面平齐；
[0026] 所述第一旋流器2的外径小于喉口 1的内径，所述第一旋流器2外环与所述喉口 1内 壁之间的环形空间内固定设置有多块稳焰板5，各所述稳焰板5围绕所述喉口 1的轴心对称 均匀布设，且每块所述稳焰板5上都均布有多个前后贯通的冷却孔51;
[0027]第一旋流器2外环与所述喉口 1内壁之间的环形空间内，各所述稳焰板5之间还固 定设置有多个用于喷射燃气的L型燃气枪6和斜口燃气枪7,所述L型燃气枪6枪身的垂直边 与所述斜口燃气枪7枪身都位于所述喉口 1内侧分别等径均匀布设固定，所述L型燃气枪6的 水平边与所述喉口 1端面平行；
[0028]所述L型燃气枪6上开设有多种喷气孔，分别为向前喷气孔63、径向喷气孔61、侧向 喷气孔62及多个回喷喷气孔64,其中向前喷气孔63燃气出射方向朝前，径向喷气孔61燃气 出射方向朝向燃烧器中心，侧向喷气孔62燃气出射方向垂直于径向喷孔61，回喷喷气孔64 燃气出射方向朝向炉膛炉芯里侧，与从所述稳焰板5和所述喉壬口 1之间轴向流动的轴流风 对冲；
[0029]相邻的所述L型燃气枪6之间中间位置至少布设有一个所述斜口燃气枪7,或布设 有2〜3个相互紧邻的所述斜口燃气枪7,所述斜口燃气枪7的斜面向外朝向燃烧器炉膛的周 边；
[0030]所述斜口燃气枪7的端部斜面上置有多个斜向喷气孔71，且各斜向喷气孔71的燃 气出射方向都朝外倾斜呈发散状态互不干扰。
[0031]所述中间筒4内、以及中间筒4与第二旋流器之间置有中心助燃空气通道8,所述中 间筒4外侧面与所述喉口 1内壁之间置有第二助燃空气通道内壁之间置有第二助燃空气通 道9。
[0032]助燃空气分两路分别从中心助燃空气通道和第二助燃空气通道进入喉口助燃空 气分两路分别从中心助燃空气通道和第二助燃空气通道进入喉口：
[0033]从中心助燃空气通道8进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的5〜20%;其中一部分呈 轴向低速风，直接通过中间筒4并从中间筒4与第二旋流器2之间流出，另一部分经过第二旋 流器2后呈微旋流风，起到冷却根部火焰和降低中心火焰温度的作用；
[0034]从中间筒4外侧第二助燃空气通道9进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的80%〜 %%，其中一部分流经第一旋流器2后呈旋流风，另一部分从第一旋流器2外周的稳焰板5上 多个前后贯通的冷却孔51流出作冷却用，其余在稳焰板5与喉口〗内壁之间的空间内沿喉口 1轴向流动呈轴流风，与L型燃气枪6回喷喷气孔64喷出的细燃气流对冲；
[0035] L型燃气枪喷射出的各股细燃气流能最大程度上在未喷出喉口、未燃烧前，与助燃 空气均匀地混合好，最终形成内侧的倒锥形火焰，而斜口燃气枪7喷射出的燃气呈多方向向 外发散的多股细燃气流，喷出的细燃气流与第二助燃空气通道9进入的助燃空气混合燃烧 产生外围火焰包围在倒锥形火焰外侧，从而最大限度利用了炉膛空间，使燃气能在整个燃 烧室尽可能大的空间里燃烧，使得炉膛内各个部分的热负荷均匀，降低实际容积热负荷和 火焰峰值温度，并且火焰形状适合，不触碰到水冷壁，能进一步降低N0x (氮氧化物)排放。
Claims (3)
1.一种低排放燃气燃烧炉，包括喉口，及分别安装在喉口内的第一旋流器、中间筒、第 二旋流器，其特征在于： 所述喉口、第一旋流器、中间筒、第二旋流器由外至内依序同轴套设，所述第一旋流器 的内壁与所述中间筒外壁相接，且端面平齐； 所述第一旋流器的外径小于喉口的内径，所述第一旋流器外环与所述喉口内壁之间的 环形空间内固定设置有多块稳焰板，各所述稳焰板围绕喉口的轴心对称均匀布设，且每块 所述稳焰板上都均布有多个前后贯通的冷却孔； 第一旋流器外环与喉口内壁之间的环形空间内，各所述稳焰板之间还固定设置有多个 用于喷射燃气的L型燃气枪和斜口燃气枪，所述L型燃气枪枪身的垂直边与所述斜口燃气枪 枪身都位于所述喉口内侧等径均匀布设固定，所述L型燃气枪的水平边与所述喉口端面平 行； 所述L型燃气枪上开设有多种喷气孔，分别为向前喷气孔、径向喷气孔、侧向喷气孔及 多个回喷喷气孔，其中向前喷气孔燃气出射方向朝前，径向喷气孔燃气出射方向朝向燃烧 器的中心，侧向喷气孔燃气出射方向与所述径向喷气孔燃气出射方向垂直，回喷喷气孔燃 气出射方向朝向炉芯里侧，与从稳焰板和喉口之间轴向流动的轴流风对冲； 相邻的所述L型燃气枪之间中间位置至少布设有一个所述斜口燃气枪，所述斜口燃气 枪的斜面向外朝向燃烧器炉膛的周边； 所述斜口燃气枪的端部斜面上置有多个斜向喷气孔，且各斜向喷气孔的燃气出射方向 都朝外倾斜呈发散状态互不干扰。
2. 根据权利要求1所述一种低排放燃气燃烧炉，其特征在于:所述中间筒内、以及中间 筒与第二旋流器之间置有中心助燃空气通道，所述中间筒外侧面与所述喉口内壁之间置有 第二助燃空气通道。
3. 根据权利要求2所述一种低排放燃气燃烧炉的助燃空气配置方法，其特征在于： 助燃空气分两路，分别从中心助燃空气通道和第二助燃空气通道进入喉口， 从所述中心助燃空气通道进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的5〜2〇%;其中一部分呈 轴向低速风，直接通过中间筒并从中间筒与第二旋流器之间流出，另一部分经过第二旋流 器后呈微旋流风，起到冷却根部火焰和降低中心火焰温度的作用； 从所述第二助燃空气通道进入的助燃空气占助燃空气总量的80°乂〜95%，其中一部分 流经第一旋流器后呈旋流风，另一部分从第一旋流器外周的稳焰板流出作冷^卩+用，其余在 稳焰板与喉口内壁之间的空间内沿喉口轴向流动呈轴流风，与L型燃气枪回喷喷气孔喷出 的细燃气流对冲。
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| JP2749964B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-20 | 1998-05-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | バーナ装置 |
| CN100572916C (zh) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-12-23 | 上海诺特飞博燃烧设备有限公司 | 工业燃烧器气体燃料和助燃空气的超混合方法及其装置 |
| CN102012025B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-12-12 | 上海诺特飞博燃烧设备有限公司 | 一种烟气内回流均相燃烧低NOx燃烧器及其燃气配置方法 |
| CN102607025A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-07-25 | 上海诺特飞博燃烧设备有限公司 | 一种燃气回喷式预混低NOx燃烧装置及其燃烧方法 |
| CN102954467B (zh) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-04-29 | 中国寰球工程公司辽宁分公司 | 一种燃气烧嘴 |
| CN103267286B (zh) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-09-09 | 上海诺特飞博燃烧设备有限公司 | 一种超低NOx排放的燃气燃烧装置和燃气配置方法 |
| CN205119059U (zh) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-30 | 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 | 低排放燃气燃烧炉 |
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