CN105349202A - 一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤 - Google Patents

一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤 Download PDF

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CN105349202A
CN105349202A CN201510710726.9A CN201510710726A CN105349202A CN 105349202 A CN105349202 A CN 105349202A CN 201510710726 A CN201510710726 A CN 201510710726A CN 105349202 A CN105349202 A CN 105349202A
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parts
modification
mallee bark
bark
powder
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江东
黄天
梁君祚
梁承悍
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GUANGXI KUONENGBA ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
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Guangxi Guisheng New Energy Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉40～50份、改性桉树皮30～40份、玉米秸秆粉5～8份、大豆秸秆粉5～8份、甘蔗叶粉5～10份、氧化钙0.5～1份、助燃剂1～2份、粘结剂5～8份。所述改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入60～70％的乙醇溶液浸泡4～6h，烘干，打成80～120目的粉末。该型煤热稳定性好、反应活性高，燃烧后的烟尘污染物含量低，具有很好的推广价值。

Description

一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤
技术领域
本发明涉及型煤领域，特别是涉及一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤。
背景技术
型煤是以粉煤为主要原料，按具体用途所要求的配比、机械强度和形状大小经机械加工压制成型的，具有一定强度和尺寸及形状各异的煤成品；型煤具有工艺简单、投资少、成本低，且能取得提升燃煤品质、提高燃烧效率、降低燃煤污染等优势，因此作为燃料在人们日常生活和工业生产中得到广泛应用。但是，煤炭资源越来越少，人们开始越来越注重将废弃资源应用于型煤中，发展可循环经济模式。
据统计，我国桉树面积近313万公顷，年采伐量估计约10％，约30万公顷，其中每公顷产木材约100～120吨，桉树皮的含量为12～15％，估算树皮产量为360万～400万吨/年；桉树进行加工时，都要去掉边皮料，这些废弃的桉树皮往往被白白地丢弃和烧掉，桉树皮的回收再利用，对环境保护和节约能源来说是非常有必要的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，采用改性桉树皮作为型煤原料，实现了废弃资源的再利用。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉40～50份、改性桉树皮30～40份、玉米秸秆粉5～8份、大豆秸秆粉5～8份、甘蔗叶粉5～10份、氧化钙0.5～1份、助燃剂1～2份、粘结剂5～8份。
其中，所述改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入60～70％的乙醇溶液浸泡4～6h，烘干，打成80～120目的粉末。
优选地，所述利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉45份、改性桉树皮35份、玉米秸秆粉7份、大豆秸秆粉7份、甘蔗叶粉8份、氧化钙0.8份、助燃剂1.5份、粘结剂7份。
优选地，所述助燃剂为NaCl、NaNO3、Na2CO3、KNO3、KCl中的一种或多种的组合。
优选地，所述助燃剂优选由NaCl、Na2CO3和KCl按3:1:2的重量比组成。
优选地，所述粘结剂为腐植酸钠和粘土的混合物。
优选地，所述粘结剂由腐植酸钠和粘土优选按3:1的重量比组成。
利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，具有以下优势：
(1)对桉树皮进行改性，先用弱碱性的氢氧化钠溶液将树皮中的木质素和纤维素进行软化，再用乙醇溶液改善桉树皮的微孔结构，便于燃烧时氧气进入桉树皮的微孔结构中，从而增加氧气与型煤的接触面积，提高型煤的燃尽率；另外还能提高型煤的固硫率；
(2)添加了生物质燃料玉米秸秆粉、大豆秸秆粉和甘蔗叶粉，有效地降低型煤的燃点，使型煤能够快速点燃；
(3)添加了氧化钙作为固硫剂，能够增强型煤的固硫作用；另外，氧化钙具有吸水作用，能提高型煤的防水性能和强度；
(4)所述利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤使用了较大比例的生物质燃料，实现了变废为宝、物尽其用的目的，且由于对桉树皮进行了改性，使所述利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤热稳定性好、反应活性高，燃烧后的烟尘污染物含量低，具有很好的推广价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围和应用范围不限于以下实施例：
一、利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤
实施例1
一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉45份、改性桉树皮35份、玉米秸秆粉7份、大豆秸秆粉7份、甘蔗叶粉8份、氧化钙0.8份、助燃剂1.5份、粘结剂7份，其中，助燃剂由NaCl、Na2CO3和KCl按3:1:2的重量比组成，粘结剂由腐植酸钠和粘土按3:1的重量比组成。
改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入70％的乙醇溶液浸泡6h，烘干，打成100目的粉末。
实施例2
一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉40份、改性桉树皮40份、玉米秸秆粉5份、大豆秸秆粉5份、甘蔗叶粉10份、氧化钙0.5份、助燃剂2份、粘结剂5份，其中，助燃剂由NaCl、NaNO3和KNO3按1:1:1的重量比组成，粘结剂由腐植酸钠和粘土按1:1的重量比组成。
改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入65％的乙醇溶液浸泡5h，烘干，打成120目的粉末。
实施例3
一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉50份、改性桉树皮30份、玉米秸秆粉8份、大豆秸秆粉8份、甘蔗叶粉5份、氧化钙1份、助燃剂1份、粘结剂8份，其中，助燃剂由NaCl、KCl和KNO3按2:1:2的重量比组成，粘结剂由腐植酸钠和粘土按2:1的重量比组成。
改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入60％的乙醇溶液浸泡4h，烘干，打成80目的粉末。
二、利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤性能测试
1.强度测试
将上述制备好的实施例样品，进行强度测试，结果表明本发明生物质型煤样品冷热强度高，跌落不易破碎，详见表1。
表1利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤强度测试结果表
2.燃烧性能测试
分别取上述制备好的3个实施例样品，进行燃烧试验，测定以下检测项目，试验结果详见表2。
表2利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤燃烧性能测试结果表
(3)测定结果
结果表明：本发明3个实施例样品燃烧时从里向外释放热量，着火点温度降低至200-300℃，引燃速度加快，火焰加长，燃烧更充分，增加了火焰的内焰温度，使火焰的整体温度得到提高。
由以上性能测试结果可以得出如下结论：本发明的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤发热量、热效率高，SO2的排放量、烟尘排放量较低，原料主要为农业生产废弃物，成本降低30-60％。
以上内容不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明，对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉40～50份、改性桉树皮30～40份、玉米秸秆粉5～8份、大豆秸秆粉5～8份、甘蔗叶粉5～10份、氧化钙0.5～1份、助燃剂1～2份、粘结剂5～8份；
所述改性桉树皮的制作工艺为：将桉树皮破碎成4～6cm的长条状，然后将其浸泡于浓度为1％的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸泡时间为20min，浸泡后用水洗涤至中性，再加入60～70％的乙醇溶液浸泡4～6h，烘干，打成80～120目的粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：煤粉45份、改性桉树皮35份、玉米秸秆粉7份、大豆秸秆粉7份、甘蔗叶粉8份、氧化钙0.8份、助燃剂1.5份、粘结剂7份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，所述助燃剂为NaCl、NaNO3、Na2CO3、KNO3、KCl中的一种或多种的组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，所述助燃剂由NaCl、Na2CO3和KCl按3:1:2的重量比组成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为腐植酸钠和粘土的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的利用改性桉树皮制作的生物质型煤，其特征在于，所述粘结剂由腐植酸钠和粘土按3:1的重量比组成。
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