CN105339705A - 三模式前轮驱动和后轮驱动行星齿轮无级变速传动装置 - Google Patents

三模式前轮驱动和后轮驱动行星齿轮无级变速传动装置 Download PDF

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CN105339705A
CN105339705A CN201480032154.7A CN201480032154A CN105339705A CN 105339705 A CN105339705 A CN 105339705A CN 201480032154 A CN201480032154 A CN 201480032154A CN 105339705 A CN105339705 A CN 105339705A
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gear
rotatable member
ring
transmission
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CN105339705B (zh
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A·W·菲利普斯
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Dana Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H37/022—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing the toothed gearing having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086—CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/01—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members characterised by the use of a magnetisable powder or liquid as friction medium between the rotary members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/48—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/50—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/52—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of another member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/0853—CVT using friction between rotary members having a first member of uniform effective diameter cooperating with different parts of a second member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/26—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
    • F16H15/28—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution with external friction surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F16H2037/0886—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种前轮驱动或后轮驱动无级变速传动装置，具有输入轴，输出轴，无级变速倾斜球行星变速器，具有第一、第二、第三和第四旋转元件的复合行星齿轮组组件，以及多个扭矩传递装置。复合行星齿轮组组件具有简单的单齿轮齿轮组以及复合的双齿轮齿轮组，并有固定连接的行星架和固定连接的齿圈，形成了共同的行星齿轮架和共同的齿圈。外行星齿轮与驱动输出轴的齿圈啮合。选择性的扭矩传递装置包括离合器和制动离合器。

Description

三模式前轮驱动和后轮驱动行星齿轮无级变速传动装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求于2013年6月6日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/832058的权利，在此通过引用将该专利申请全部包含在本文中。
背景技术
具有包括无级变速传动装置的驱动管路的车辆，允许车辆的操作者或车辆的控制系统以无级的方式改变传动比，以允许车辆的电源以其最有效率的转速运行。由于发动机的速度必须更精确地控制以限制汽车的耗油量和排量，传动装置变得更加复杂。另外传动组件的速度和效率同样重要。近来，提出了无级变速传动装置以为车辆提供这样的无级变速传动装置，其设计避免高的齿轮和/或托架的速度和现有的三模式能量流的其他缺点。
发明内容
本文提供了一种前轮驱动或后轮驱动的无级变速传动装置，包括固定的外壳(地面)，输入轴，输出轴，具有第一，第二，第三和第四旋转元件的齿轮组，具有第一和第二旋转元件以及三个可选的转矩传输装置(“离合器”)的变速器组件；其中输入轴与变速器组件的第一旋转元件固定连接，变速器组件的第二旋转元件与齿轮组的第一元件固定连接，输出轴与齿轮组的第三元件固定连接；第一离合器将齿轮组的第四元件接地，形成了总传动比的第一前向可变范围；第二离合器将输入轴连接到齿轮组的第二元件，形成了总传动比的第二前向可变范围；第三离合器将齿轮组的第二元件接地，形成了总传动比的后向可变范围；并且其中，变速器在第一和第二旋转元件之间形成了可控、可变的传动比，从而在任何所述的可变范围内调整总传动比。在一些实施例中，齿轮组是具有旋转元件的复合行星齿轮组，该旋转元件包括第一(“单齿轮”)行星齿轮组，包括；第一齿圈，第一太阳轮和第一托架组件，以及具有旋转元件的第二(“双齿轮”)行星齿轮组，包括；第二齿圈，第二太阳轮和第二托架组件；其中第一行星齿轮组的第一托架组件可旋转地支撑第一组单齿轮，该第一组单齿轮与所述单齿轮行星齿轮组第一齿圈和所述单齿轮行星齿轮组第一太阳轮啮合；并且，双齿轮行星齿轮组的第二托架组件可转动地支撑第二组单齿轮，该第二组齿轮与所述双齿轮行星齿轮组第二太阳轮啮合，以及第三组齿轮，该第三组齿轮与所述第二组齿轮和所述双齿轮行星齿轮组第二齿圈啮合；并且其中，第一和第二行星齿轮组的第一和第二托架组件固定连接；第一行星齿轮组的第一齿圈和第二行星齿轮组的第二齿圈固定连接并且其中，齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述的第一太阳轮，齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述固定连接的托架组件，齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述固定连接的齿圈，而齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述的第二太阳轮。在一些实施例中，齿轮组是复合行星齿轮组，包括齿圈、托架组件、第一太阳轮和第二太阳轮，托架组件可转动地支撑与所述齿圈啮合的一组外部长齿轮和与所述一组外部长齿轮啮合的一组内部短齿轮，第一太阳轮与所述一组外部长齿轮啮合，第二太阳轮与一组内部短齿轮啮合；并且其中，齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述的第一太阳轮，齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述托架组件，齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述齿圈，而齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述的第二太阳轮。在一些实施例中，齿轮组是拉威娜复合行星齿轮组。在该传动装置的一些实施例中，变速器是球型变速器，包括；托架组件，所述托架组件可转动地支撑多个可转动地设置在传输轴线周围的枢轴，每个所述枢轴进一步可转动地支撑着球；并且其中第一和第二环组件，各自包含与所有的所述球连续接触的球接触区域，并且其中变速器的第一旋转元件是所述第一环组件，变速器的第二旋转元件是所述第二环组件；并且托架组件以受控的方式通过关于变速器外壳的小范围角度移动，以便使枢轴改变方向，从而改变所述第一和第二环组件之间的传动比。在传动装置的一些实施例中，由于第一和第二环组件之间的变速器传动比增高，在所述第一前向范围内的总传动比增高；在所述第二前向范围内的总传动比降低；并且在所述后向范围内的总传动比变得更负。在其他实施例中，具有靠近变速器传动比的上限但仍然在所述范围内的变速器传动比的传动装置，可使第一和第二前向范围中的总传动比相同；第二离合器可以在第一前向范围中同步挂档；第一离合器可以在第二前向范围中同步挂档；通过同时应用第一和第二离合器形成了附加的、固定比例的传输操作模式，该操作模式不通过变速器传输功率。在其他实施例中，传动装置进一步包括第四离合器，该第四离合器可选择地连接所述齿轮组的四个旋转元件中的任意两个，由此使所有的所述元件一致地旋转，并形成第三前向范围。
援引加入
本说明书中提及的所有公开案、专利案及专利申请案以引用的方式全部并入本文中，该引用的程度就如同将各公开案，专利案及专利申请案特定及个别揭示的内容以引用的方式并入一般。
附图说明
本发明的新特征是就权利要求中的特殊性提出的。通过参照以下提出了其中使用了本发明的原则的示例实施例的详细说明以及附图，会获得对本发明的特征和优点的更好理解，其中：
图1是如本文所述的三模式传动装置的后轮驱动实施例的符号图。
图2是如本文所述的三模式传动装置的前轮驱动实施例的符号图。
图3是如本文所述的三模式传动装置的实施例的杠杆图。
图4是如本文所述的示出了可选择的同步离合器的三模式传动装置的另一实施例的杠杆图。
图5是三模式传动装置的复合齿轮组的替代结构视图。
图6是三模式传动装置的复合齿轮组的另一替代结构视图。
图7是球型变速器的侧剖视图；
图8是图7的变速器的球的放大的侧面剖视图，其中第一环组件和第二环组件对称地设置。
具体实施方式
无级变速传动装置的传动比具有提供从低传动比到高传动比平滑和连续过渡的优点。然而，现有的无级变速传动装置可能比理想状态更加复杂。
无级变速传动装置或CVT有多种类型：例如而非限制地，具有环形和锥形的可变滑轮的皮带。CVT的原理是，通过根据车速和驾驶员对扭矩的需求(节气门位置)无级地改变传动比，使发动机能够以其最有效的转速运行。如果需要，例如在加速时，CVT的构造成也转变到提供更多的能量的最佳比例。在能量传输没有任何中断的情况下，CVT构造成从最小比例变化到最大比例，而不像通常的传动装置需要通过脱开将能量传输中断，以从一个离散的比例转变到下一个比例。
本文提供了基于球型变速器(又名CVP，即恒变量行星)的CVT构造。US20040616399或AU2011224083A1中描述了CVT和CVP的一些总体方面，将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。US20040616399和AU2011224083A1中描述了球型无级变速传动装置的基本概念，将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。如图7所示，适应本文中整个说明书所描述的这种CVT，包括取决于应用的若干个球997，与球锥面接触的两个盘，作为输入995和输出996，以及惰轮999。球安装在轴998上，它们自己保持在保持架或托架中，以允许通过倾斜球的轴来改变比例。也存在其他类型的球CVT，比如由Milner制作的球CVT，但略有不同。
图7的这种CVP的工作原理在图8中示出。CVP本身与牵引液起作用。球和锥形环之间的润滑油在高压下作为固体，通过球从输入环向输出环传输功率。通过倾斜球的轴，可以改变输入和输出之间的比例。当轴水平时比例是一，当轴倾斜时，轴与接触点之间的距离发生变化以修改总的比例。所有的球的轴同时关于包括在保持架中的机械装置倾斜。
本文提供了前轮驱动或后轮驱动的无级变速传动装置，构造成优化传动比以提供良好的、可调的总传动比(OAR)和重叠模式，同时避免高的齿轮和/或托架速度和现有的三模式能量流的其他缺点。
如图3的杠杆图所示，本文提供了一种前轮驱动(或后轮驱动)的无级变速传动装置10，包括固定的外壳(地面)，输入轴70，输出轴80，具有第一61，第二63，第三66和第四62旋转元件的齿轮组，具有第一和第二旋转元件以及三个可选的转矩传输装置(“离合器”)21，22，23的变速器组件30；其中输入轴与变速器组件30的第一旋转元件固定连接，变速器组件的第二旋转元件与齿轮组的第一元件61固定连接，输出轴80与齿轮组的第三元件66固定连接；第一离合器21将齿轮组的第四元件62接地，形成了总传动比的第一前向可变范围；第二离合器22将输入轴70连接到齿轮组的第二元件63，形成了总传动比的第二前向可变范围；第三离合器23将齿轮组的第二元件63接地，形成了总传动比的后向可变范围；并且其中，变速器在第一和第二旋转元件之间形成了可控、可变的传动比，从而在任何所述的可变范围内调整总传动比。
在一些实施例中，例如图1和5所述，齿轮组是具有包括第一(“单齿轮”)行星齿轮组40的旋转元件的复合行星齿轮组，包括；第一齿圈41，第一太阳轮42和第一托架组件43，以及具有旋转元件的第二(“双齿轮”)行星齿轮组50，包括；第二齿圈51，第二太阳轮52和第二托架组件53；其中第一行星齿轮组40的第一托架组件43可旋转地支撑第一套单齿轮44，该第一套单齿轮与所述单齿轮行星齿轮组第一齿圈41和所述单齿轮行星齿轮组第一太阳轮42啮合；并且，双齿轮行星齿轮组50的第二托架组件53可转动地支撑第二套齿轮54，该第二套齿轮54与所述双齿轮行星齿轮组第二太阳轮52啮合，以及第三套齿轮55，该第三套齿轮与所述第二套齿轮54和所述双齿轮行星齿轮组第二齿圈51啮合；并且其中，第一和第二行星齿轮组40，50的第一和第二托架组件43，53固定连接45；第一行星齿轮组40的第一齿圈41和第二行星齿轮组50的第二齿圈51固定连接46并且其中，齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述第一太阳轮42，齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述固定连接的托架组件45，齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述固定连接的齿圈46，而齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述第二太阳轮52。
在一些实施例中，如图2和6所示，齿轮组是复合行星齿轮组60，包括齿圈66，可转动地支撑与所述齿圈66啮合的一组外部长齿轮64和与所述一组外部长齿轮64啮合的一组内部短齿轮65的托架组件63，与所述一组外部长齿轮64啮合的第一太阳轮61，以及与所述一组内部短齿轮65啮合的第二太阳轮62；并且其中，齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述的第一太阳轮61，齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述托架组件63，齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述齿圈66，而齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述第二太阳轮62。在一些实施例中，齿轮组60是拉威娜复合行星齿轮组。
如图7所示，变速器是使用放置在输入齿圈与输出齿圈之间的托架中的一组旋转倾斜球的系统。使球倾斜以改变它们的接触直径和改变传动比。在两个相对于球体旋转轴的不同位置接触旋转球体，会提供“齿轮传动比”，根据用于输入和输出的转矩和转速的接触点的位置，该齿轮比可以从低速档到超速挡变动。因此，变速器系统为其范围内的任何比例提供了连续转变。齿轮传动比通过以连续的方式使球体的轴线倾斜来变动，以提供不同的接触半径，这反过来又驱动输入和输出齿圈，或盘。
如上文提到的变速器具有通过多个流体补丁来传递扭矩的多个球。球按照围绕中心惰轮(太阳轮)的圆形阵列放置并且在球的啮合点接触不同的输入和输出牵引环。该配置可让输入和输出是同轴且紧凑的。结果是能够在运转中、在负载下或停止的时候在整个比例范围内平稳地传动。
变速器本身用牵引液起作用。牵引液落位在变速器中以润滑和牵引。当该液在两个非常硬的元件(球和环)滚动接触下经历了高接触压力时，该液经历了近瞬时相变，相变为弹性固体。这也称作弹流润滑(EHL)。在该牵引力的补丁中，液体分子堆积起来并且连接以形成固体，借此可转移剪切力从而转移扭矩。应当注意，当元件旋转时，转动元件实际上没有物理接触。
球和锥形环之间的润滑油在高压下是固体，通过变速器球35从第一环组件32(变速器输入)传递到第二环组件33(变速器输出)。如图8所示,通过倾斜变速器球的轴34，改变了输入和输出之间的比例。当每个变速器球的轴水平时，比例是一，当轴倾斜时，轴与接触点之间的距离发生变化，从而修改低速档和超速档之间的总传动比。所有的变速器球的轴同时倾斜并且相对于包括在保持架中的机械装置呈同样的角度。
本文所述的本发明的实施例中将发现许多应用。例如，虽然是以车辆的应用为参考，本文所述的无级变速传动装置可以在许多应用中使用，例如自行车，机动车，风力涡轮机和电动工具。本文所述的本发明的实施例中会发现在用于公路用和非公路用车辆的前轮驱动或后轮驱动传动装置的应用。
如前文所述和图1及2所示，在CVP传动装置10的一些实施例中，变速器是球型变速器30，包括；托架组件31，该托架组件可旋转地支撑多个可转动地设置在传动轴周围的枢轴34，所述枢轴34转而还各自可转动地支撑球35；并且其中第一和第二环组件32，33各包括与所有的所述球连续接触的球接触区域。变速器的第一旋转元件是所述第一环组件32，变速器的第二旋转元件是所述第二环组件32；如先前图8所示，托架组件31以受控的方式通过关于变速器外壳的小范围的角度移动，以使枢轴34改变方向，从而改变所述第一和二环组件之间的传动比。
在传动装置的一些实施例中，由于第一和第二环组件之间的变速器传动比增高，在所述第一前向范围内的总传动比增高；在所述第二前向范围内的总传动比降低；并且在所述后向范围内的总传动比变得更负。在其它的实施例中，具有靠近变速器传动比的上限但仍然在所述范围内的变速器传动比的传动装置，可使第一和第二前向范围中的总传动比相同；第二离合器可以在第一前向范围中同步挂档；第一离合器可以在第二前向范围中同步挂档；通过同时应用第一和第二离合器形成了另外的固定比例的传输操作模式，该操作模式不通过变速器传输能量。固定比例的操作模式进一步描述为第一和第二种模式的交叉点；其中，如果离合器1和2锁定，那么变速器在理论上不需要传递任何能量。
在其他实施例中，如图1和4所示，传动装置进一步包括可选的第四离合器24，该第四离合器可选择地连接齿轮组的四个旋转元件中的任意两个，由此使所有的所述元件一致地旋转，并形成第三前向范围。使用时，整个齿轮组作为一个单元旋转，并由此使传动装置的输出速度等于变速器的输出速度，扩展了传动装置的总传动比，并通过变速器以0.5到1.8之间的理论CVP范围传递所有的输入功率到齿圈。正如第一前向和后向模式，该可选的第三模式通过变速器传递所有的输入功率，所以它通常不如第二模式高效，但允许较高的输出传动比。
虽然本文示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例，对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是这些实施例仅作为示例提供。在不脱离本领域发明的情况下，本领域的技术人员目前可以想到许多变化、改变及替换。应当理解，在本发明的实践中可采用对在本文所描述的本发明的实施例所做的各种替代方案。以下权利要求旨在限定本发明的范围，且藉此涵盖这些权利要求及其等同变换的范围之内的方法和结构。

Claims (12)

1.一种无级变速传动装置，包括：
固定的外壳(地面)；
输入轴；
输出轴；
具有第一、第二、第三和第四旋转元件的齿轮组；
具有第一和第二旋转元件的变速器组件；以及
三个可选择的转矩传输装置(“离合器”)；其中
输入轴与变速器组件的第一旋转元件固定连接；
变速器组件的第二旋转元件与齿轮组的第一元件固定连接；
输出轴与齿轮组的第三元件固定连接；
第一离合器将齿轮组的第四元件接地，形成总传动比的第一前向可变范围；
第二离合器将输入轴连接到齿轮组的第二元件，形成总传动比的第二前向可变范围；
第三离合器将齿轮组的第二元件接地，形成总传动比的后向可变范围；
变速器形成受控的、在其第一和第二旋转元件的速度之间可变的传动比，由此在任何所述的可变范围内调整总传动比。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动装置，其中所述齿轮组是具有旋转元件的复合行星齿轮组，包括：
第一(“单齿轮”)行星齿轮组，包括：
第一齿圈，
第一太阳轮，以及
第一托架组件，以及
第二(“双齿轮”)行星齿轮组，包括：
第二齿圈，
第二太阳轮，以及
第二托架组件，并且其中
第一行星齿轮组的第一托架组件可旋转地支撑第一组单齿轮，所述第一组单齿轮啮合所述单齿轮行星齿轮组的第一齿圈与所述单齿轮行星齿轮组的第一太阳轮；并且
双齿轮行星齿轮组的第二托架组件可旋转地支撑与所述双齿轮行星齿轮组的第二太阳轮啮合的第二组齿轮，以及与所述第二组齿轮和所述双齿轮行星齿轮组的第二齿圈啮合的第三组齿轮；并且其中，
第一和第二行星齿轮组的第一和第二托架组件固定地连接；
第一行星齿轮组的第一齿圈和第二行星齿轮组的第二齿圈固定地连接并且其中；
齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述第一太阳轮；
齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述固定连接的托架组件；
齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述固定连接的齿圈；
齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述第二太阳轮。
3.如权利要求1所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述齿轮组是复合行星齿轮组，所述复合行星齿轮组包括齿圈、托架组件、第一太阳轮和第二太阳轮，所述托架组件可旋转地支撑与所述齿圈啮合的一组外部长齿轮以及与所述一组外部长齿轮啮合的一组内部短齿轮，所述第一太阳轮与所述一组外部长齿轮啮合，所述第二太阳轮与所述一组内部短齿轮啮合；并且其中，
齿轮组的第一旋转元件是所述第一太阳轮；
齿轮组的第二旋转元件是所述托架组件；
齿轮组的第三旋转元件是所述齿圈；
齿轮组的第四旋转元件是所述第二太阳轮。
4.如权利要求1-3所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述齿轮组是拉威娜复合行星齿轮组。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的传动装置，其特征在于，变速器是球型变速器，包括；
托架组件，所述托架组件可旋转地支撑多个可旋转地设置在传动轴线周围的枢轴，
所述枢轴还分别可旋转地支撑球；并且其中
第一和第二环组件，分别包括与所有的所述球连续接触的球接触区域，并且其中，
变速器的第一旋转元件是所述第一环组件；
变速器的第二旋转元件是所述第二环组件；以及
托架组件以受控的方式通过关于变速器外壳的小范围角度移动，以便使枢轴改变方向，由此改变所述第一和第二环组件之间的传动比。
6.如权利要求1-5所述的传动装置，其特征在于，当第一和第二环组件之间的变速器传动比增大时，
所述第一前向范围内的总传动比增大；
所述第二前向范围内的总传动比减小；并且
所述后向范围内的总传动比变得更负。
7.如权利要求6所述的传动装置，其特征在于，在靠近变速器传动比范围的上限但仍在所述范围内的变速器传动比处，
所述第一和第二前向范围中的总传动比是相同的；
当在所述第一前向范围中时，可同时接合所述第二离合器；
当在所述第二前向范围中时，可同时接合所述第一离合器；
通过同时应用所述第一和第二离合器，形成了附加的、固定比例的传动操作模式，所述传动操作模式不通过变速器传输功率。
8.如权利要求7所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述第二离合器是犬齿式离合器。
9.如权利要求1-8所述的传动装置，进一步包括第四离合器，所述第四离合器可选择地连接所述齿轮组的四个旋转元件中的任意两个，由此使所有的所述元件一致地旋转，并形成第三前向范围。
10.如权利要求1-9所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述第一和后向离合器是制动离合器。
11.如权利要求9所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述第四离合器是犬齿式离合器。
12.如权利要求1-11所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述传动装置能够在前轮驱动和后轮驱动车辆中使用。
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