CN105336083A - Tunnel fire early warning sensor based on smart materials and road surface layout system of tunnel fire early warning sensor - Google Patents
Tunnel fire early warning sensor based on smart materials and road surface layout system of tunnel fire early warning sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105336083A CN105336083A CN201510888338.XA CN201510888338A CN105336083A CN 105336083 A CN105336083 A CN 105336083A CN 201510888338 A CN201510888338 A CN 201510888338A CN 105336083 A CN105336083 A CN 105336083A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel fire early warning sensor based on smart materials and a road surface layout system of the tunnel fire early warning sensor. The tunnel fire early warning sensor comprises a sensor element which is made of the smart materials and can induct temperature changes, two electrodes are arranged in the sensor element, the built-in electrodes need to be externally connected with outer lines for measurement, terminals of the built-in electrodes are coated with protective layers, and a packaging layer is arranged on the surface of the sensor element. The element made of the smart materials has good temperature sensitivity, can induct the abnormal temperature changes of the outside and convert the temperature changes into electric signals, and is a core component of the sensor, and the tunnel fire early warning sensor can be suitable for tunnel fire early warning, and is high in reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fire-fighting domain, be specifically related to the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor based on smart material and road surface arranging system thereof.
Background technology
Tunnel is embedded in stratum more, using underground space, once there be fire the condition of a disaster, escape difficulty is large, if find, rescue work is difficult to carry out in time not in time.Due to the seriousness of tunnel fire hazard consequence; efficient tunnel fire pre-warning system is for Timeliness coverage fire the condition of a disaster; the safety of life and property of the protection people has great importance, and the detection problem of tunnel fire hazard has become one of the matter of utmost importance in tunnel safety field.At present, the detection of tunnel fire hazard mainly contains temperature sensitive alloy line formula, optical fiber type and dual wavelength flame detector formula etc.Sensor used mainly comprises flame sensor, temperature sensor, smoke transducer etc.
Wherein, distributed optical fiber temperature sensing device development in recent years is rapid, and be progressively applied to tunnel fire hazard detection and alarm field, main mode comprises optical fiber grating sensing, Raman light domain reflectometer sensing and Brillouin light domain reflectometer sensing.Compared with traditional point type fire detecting system (as dual wavelength flame detector etc.), distributed sensing has the advantage of Spatial continual distribution detection, and in distribution range, any point breaking out of fire accurately can differentiate location.Meanwhile, because optical cable is not easily by disturbing influences such as electromagnetism, not easily there is the situations such as the wrong report of distributed temperature sensing cable.
But, in tunnel, the time to breaking out experience of causing disaster on fire is often shorter, this just requires to have response speed faster based on the detection of distributed optical fiber temperature sensing device and warning system, and distribution type fiber-optic is usually placed in tunnel vault position, maximum often with the distance of road surface fire origination point on tunnel cross-section, therefore the response time often also can extend to some extent; In addition, when wind speed longitudinal in tunnel is larger (when such as opening blower fan), be all difficult to identify temperature field exception and then trigger alarm within a short period of time according to common absolute temperature, definitely temperature rise and the impartial discriminant criterion of temperature gradient.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention discloses a kind of tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor based on smart material and supporting road surface arranging system thereof, utilize the temperature sensitivity of smart material, abnormal temperature when using this sensor can detect breaking out of fire in tunnel, and temperature signal is converted to electric signal, obtain feedback in time, extremely can provide early warning once have, be conducive to finding fire the condition of a disaster, process in time.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, comprise be made up of smart material and can sense temperature change sensor element, built-in two electrodes of described sensor element, built-in electrode outside all needs to connect outside line for measurement, be coated with protective seam at built-in electrode terminals, sensor element surface is provided with encapsulated layer;
Described sensor element adopts melting PET (polyethylene terephthalate English name: polyethyleneterephthalate, be called for short PET), river sand admixture graphite phase mix forms, adopt match ratio and mass ratio be, graphite: PET and river sand mixture=13%; PET: river sand=1:3.
Further, the grating of described river sand is:
Further, sensor element is cylinder, can be prism or right cylinder.
Further, the height of cylinder is generally 2 ~ 5cm, and combining road surface layer situation is determined, as when for bituminous pavement, can consider equal with upper layer thickness.Cylinder bottom surface any two points wire length should be more than or equal to the height of cylinder, is less than or equal to the twice that cylinder is high.
Further, built-in electrode place plane should be parallel to cylinder bottom surface.
Further, described built-in electrode should be tried one's best cylinder bottom surface, but need reserve certain protective layer thickness, and namely the distance of built-in electrode distance cylinder bottom surface should be not less than 1cm.
Further, built-in electrode can be netted or coiled type, also independently can form a plane.
Further, built-in electrode material can adopt stainless steel, copper, aluminium or alloy.
Further, outside line can be set with rubber hose, plastic flexible pipe.Outside line connecting electrode place need carry out smearing protective layer protection, and external circuit need carry out suit protection, and the material that suit is corresponding should meet anticorrosion protection against the tide, insulation and resistant to elevated temperatures requirement, and sensor element surface smears packaging protection layer.
Further, the resistance value when abnormal temperature of sensor can produce sudden change, and then perception abnormal temperature, and temperature signal is converted to electric signal, and sensor institute perception abnormal temperature interval is > 130 DEG C.
Further, based on the method for making of the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, comprising:
The making of smart material sensor element: adopt melting PET, river sand admixture graphite phase mix forms, the match ratio of employing and mass ratio be, graphite: PET and river sand mixture=13%; PET: river sand=1:3;
Sensor element adopts built-in two electrodes, and built-in electrode place plane should be parallel to cylinder bottom surface;
Sensor element built-in electrode outside need connect outside line for measurement, also should smear protective seam at terminals and protect, should carry out exterior protection to lead line;
Outside line can be set with rubber hose or plastic flexible pipe;
Sensor element surface need encapsulate, and avoids sensor element directly to contact with external environment condition, plays the effect of insulation blocking.
Further, the distribution of sensor on the transect and vertical section of road surface forms sensor road surface arranging system, is divided into along tunnel cross section distribution and vertical section distribution;
Longitudinally follow the principles into, when length of tunnel is 500 ~ ten thousand metres, adjacent sensors arrangement pitch is≤7 meters; When length of tunnel is > ten thousand metres, sensor arrangement pitch is≤8 meters; Freeway tunnel every hundred meters 15 ~ 20 visits point;
Laterally follow the principles into, when for two-way traffic, sensor should be arranged in two-way traffic central authorities; When being greater than two-way traffic, adjacent sensors is spaced apart < 5 meters, and sensor is arranged in lane line.
When a more than sensor laterally need be arranged in same transversal section, in longitudinal arranged crosswise, under the prerequisite that namely longitudinal separation is constant, laterally adjacent two sensors should be arranged in the lane line (Fig. 3 d) at interval.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. smart material element of the present invention has excellent temperature sensitivity, and energy perception ambient temperature ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS is also converted to electric signal, and be the core component of sensor, can be applicable to tunnel fire hazard early warning, fiduciary level is high.
2. sensor of the present invention is laid in road surface structare layer, and can change by perception pavement temperature rapidly, response in time.
3. sensor of the present invention can be applied to complicated road environment, and can obtain reliable data feedback.Can be applicable to different road surface humiture situations, survival rate is high, good endurance.
4. sensor of the present invention each element constitutive material wide material sources, cheap, and moulding process is comparatively simple, with low cost, can large-scale popularization, widespread use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 a is sensor element prism form;
Fig. 1 b is sensor element cylinder morphology;
Fig. 2 is sensor element temperature-resistance change rate curve map.
Fig. 3 a is two-way traffic optimal crosssection, and Fig. 3 b is Four-Lane Road optimal crosssection, and Fig. 3 c is that two-way traffic vertical section is arranged, Fig. 3 d is that Four-Lane Road vertical section is arranged.
Wherein, 1 is sensor element, and 2 is built-in electrode, and 3 is outer lead, and 4 is sensor,
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in Fig. 1 a-Fig. 1 b, based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, comprise be made up of smart material and can sense temperature change sensor element 1, built-in two electrodes of described sensor element 1, built-in electrode 2 outside need connect outside line 3 for measurement, be coated with protective seam at built-in electrode 2 terminals, sensor element 1 surface is provided with encapsulated layer;
The sensor element 1 that the present invention makes by given match ratio, can perception abnormal temperature, and sensor element 1 can be made up of different shape; The measuring circuit of given sensor element 1 and outer protection; Then determine sensor element 1 outer enclosure, form final sensor 4; Finally, corresponding road surface arranging system is proposed.
The form of sensor element 1 is cylinder, i.e. prism or right cylinder, and time embedding, the bottom surface of cylinder should be parallel to road surface structare layer.Its concrete size should be determined according to the thickness of top course, and the height of cylinder should consider Pavement Coat Thickness with Land; Cylinder bottom surface any two points wire length should be less than or equal to the height of cylinder.
Sensor element 1 adopts built-in two electrodes, and built-in electrode 2 place plane should be parallel to cylinder bottom surface.Built-in electrode 2 should be tried one's best cylinder bottom surface, but need reserve certain protective layer thickness, and namely built-in electrode 2 should be not less than 1cm apart from the distance of cylinder bottom surface.Built-in electrode 2 can be netted (as Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b), coiled type etc., also independently can form a plane.Built-in electrode 2 material can adopt the materials such as stainless steel, copper, aluminium, alloy.Be of a size of and be adapted to sensor element size.
Sensor element 1 built-in electrode 2 outside need connect outside line 3 for measurement, also should smear protective seam at terminals and protect, should carry out exterior protection to lead line.As circuit available copper wire welds, and smear resin material etc. at weld and carry out packaging protection, the material smeared should meet the requirement such as insulation, moisture-proof anticorrosive, high temperature resistant (200 DEG C), and weld is hedged off from the outer world.Outside line can carry out suit with rubber hose, plastic flexible pipe etc. should meet the requirement such as insulation, moisture-proof anticorrosive, high temperature resistant (200 DEG C), to reach protection object.
Sensor element 1 surface need encapsulate, and avoids element directly to contact with external environment condition, and encapsulated layer should be as far as possible thin, and encapsulating material meets the requirements such as insulation, anticorrosion protection against the tide.As pitch can be adopted to encapsulate, only a thin layer need be smeared at element surface.
As shown in Figure 2, described sensor 4 has excellent temperature sensitivity, and when abnormal temperature, resistance value can produce sudden change, and then perception abnormal temperature.Normal pavement temperature is changed to 30 ~ 70 DEG C, and in this temperature range, sensor resistance rate of change is less; After 70 DEG C, there is temperature fluctuation among a small circle; When 130 DEG C, resistance is undergone mutation.Abnormal temperature interval is herein > 130 DEG C, and now sensor resistance sudden change, gives the alarm.
Can draw this Sensor monitoring hygrometric formula by Fig. 2, namely sensor can Real-Time Monitoring pavement temperature thus, its resistance change rate is converted to temperature variation, draws real time temperature thus, as temperature > 130 DEG C, namely give the alarm.
y＝177.8*exp(-((x-0.3334)/0.3609)^2)-8.283e+10*exp(-((x+0.007829)/0.001696)^2)
In above formula, y is temperature, and x is resistance change rate; Wherein between monitoring section for x is 0 to 14%, the temperature range of monitoring is 0 to 130 DEG C.
As shown in Fig. 3 a-Fig. 3 d, described sensor road surface is laid and is referred to the space distribution of sensor on road surface.Be divided into along tunnel cross section distribution and vertical section distribution.Longitudinally follow the principles into, when length of tunnel is 500 ~ ten thousand metres, arrangement pitch is≤7 meters; When length of tunnel is > ten thousand metres, arrangement pitch is≤8 meters; Usually, freeway tunnel every hundred meters 15 ~ 20 visits point.As arrangement interval is set to 7 meters.Laterally follow the principles into, when for two-way traffic, two-way traffic central authorities should be arranged in; When being greater than two-way traffic, being spaced apart < 5 meters, being generally arranged in lane line, in longitudinal arranged crosswise.
When described sensor uses, should be embedded in top course surface, time embedding, cylinder bottom surface should be parallel to road surface structare layer.Sensor should be laid in the non-vehicle running regions such as driving diatom.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, comprise be made up of smart material and can sense temperature change sensor element, built-in two electrodes of described sensor element, built-in electrode outside need connect outside line for measurement, be coated with protective seam at built-in electrode terminals, sensor element surface is provided with encapsulated layer;
Described sensor element adopts melting PET, river sand admixture graphite phase mix forms, and the match ratio of employing and mass ratio be, graphite: PET and river sand mixture=13%; PET: river sand=1:3.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, sensor element is cylinder, can be prism or right cylinder.
3. as claimed in claim 2 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, the height of cylinder is 2 ~ 5cm, and combining road surface layer situation is determined, cylinder bottom surface any two points wire length should be more than or equal to the height of cylinder, is less than or equal to the twice that cylinder is high.
4., as claimed in claim 2 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, built-in electrode place plane should be parallel to cylinder bottom surface.
5. as claimed in claim 4 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, described built-in electrode should be tried one's best cylinder bottom surface, but need reserve certain protective layer thickness, and namely the distance of built-in electrode distance cylinder bottom surface should be not less than 1cm.
6., as claimed in claim 4 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, built-in electrode can be netted or coiled type, also independently can form a plane; Built-in electrode material adopts stainless steel, copper, aluminium or alloy.
7. as claimed in claim 1 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material; it is characterized in that; outside line connecting electrode place need carry out smearing protective layer protection; external circuit need carry out suit protection; the material that suit is corresponding should meet anticorrosion protection against the tide, insulation and resistant to elevated temperatures requirement, and sensor element surface smears packaging protection layer.
8. as claimed in claim 1 based on the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor of smart material, it is characterized in that, the resistance value when abnormal temperature of sensor can produce sudden change, and then perception abnormal temperature, temperature signal is converted to electric signal, and sensor institute perception abnormal temperature interval is > 130 DEG C.
9. form sensor road surface arranging system based on the distribution of the tunnel fire hazard early warning sensor based on smart material according to claim 1 on the transect and vertical section of road surface, it is characterized in that, be divided into along tunnel cross section distribution and vertical section distribution;
Longitudinally follow the principles into, when length of tunnel is 500 ~ ten thousand metres, sensor arrangement pitch is≤7 meters; When length of tunnel is > ten thousand metres, sensor arrangement pitch is≤8 meters; Freeway tunnel every hundred meters 15 ~ 20 visits point;
Laterally follow the principles into, when for two-way traffic, sensor should be arranged in two-way traffic central authorities; When being greater than two-way traffic, be spaced apart < 5 meters, sensor is arranged in lane line, in longitudinal arranged crosswise.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105336083B (en) | 2018-06-29 |
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